Les termes capitalisme et économie de marché sont assimilés depuis le milieu du XIXème siècle, date de leur apparition sémantique. L'examen de la définition précise du capitalisme chez ses plus éminents auteurs, Marx, Weber, Schumpeter ou Braudel, révèle cependant chez chacun une définition différente, originale, qui démontre l'existence d'une divergence entre le capitalisme et l'économie de marché. Le capitalisme est donc réévalué et redéfini comme le pouvoir de marché des actionnaires, subi par les salariés comme par les clients mais accepté socialement, L'économie de marché est, elle, redéfinie par la liberté, d'entreprendre comme de choisir. La séparation du capitalisme et de l'économie de marché que ces définitions nouvelles apportent permet une critique nouvelle, du pouvoir en économie, et de ses abus, au nom de la liberté, qui prive le capitalisme de ses arguments de défense.La concurrence disparaît du capitalisme pour se retrouver au centre de l'économie de marché. S'y ajoute la coopération, créant un objectif d'équilibre des pouvoirs plutôt que de perfection comme le proposait l'économie néoclassique. La coopération, au coeur de l'entreprise, ouvre la possibilité nouvelle d'une meilleure satisfaction du client en complément de la concurrence. La gouvernance de l'entreprise capitaliste, dans l'intérêt des actionnaires, doit donc évoluer vers une gouvernance équilibrée, créatrice de compromis issus des intérêts légitimes mais divergents des clients, des salariés et des actionnaires. L'économie de marché d'équilibre des pouvoirs, intégrant la concurrence et la coopération, apparaît comme une solution libérale, non étatique, au pouvoir capitaliste. / Ever since they have been conceptually created in the middle of the 19 century, capitalism and market economy have been intertwined. Nevertheless, an accurate study of the definition of capitalism by the most eminent writers such as Marx, Weber, Schumpeter or Braudel, proves the existence of a wide array of definition, which tends to demonstrate a c1ear divergence between capitalism and market economy. Capitalism is therefore re-evaluated and redefined by the market power of shareholders, endured by employees as well as customers, yet socially accepted. Market economy is redefined by the freedom of enterprise as well as choice. Separating capitalism from market economy with these new definitions induces a new criticism of power and its abuse in the name of freedom, which sever capitalism from its traditional defense rhetoric.The notion of competition shifts from capitalism to market economy. Cooperation is added to the market economy, creating a goal of balance of powers rather than perfection as it was suggested by the neoclassical economies. Inscribed al the heart of the company, cooperation opens up a greater customer satisfaction, complementing competition. Corporate governance of a capitalist company, focused on the shareholders' interests, must evolve into balanced corporate governance, enabling compromises stemming from the divergent but legitimate interests of customers, employees, and shareholders. A new market economy with a clear balance of powers, shared between competition and cooperation, comes forth as the liberal, non-State solution to solving the capitalist power.

Orientador: Bruno Martarello De Conti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T06:29:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VanNoije_Paulo_D.pdf: 4388677 bytes, checksum: d0f5bf16ef493c4f8341d7146c487117 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: As economias capitalistas apresentam, recorrentemente, situações em que nem todas as mercadorias são vendidas, aspecto que nem sempre é levado em conta pela teoria ortodoxa. O objetivo do trabalho é fazer uma análise teórica de macroeconomia dinâmica para ver o que gera esse problema e o que permite que ele seja contornado. Defende-se na tese que: i) não só a possibilidade de haver reserva de valor que gera esse problema, mas também o fato da produção distribuir um poder de compra menor do que o preço de oferta agregada, por conta do lucro, causando a necessidade de que ocorram gastos autônomos em relação ao poder de compra distribuído para que as duas variáveis ¿ preço de oferta agregada e poder de compra ¿ possam se igualar; ii) a realização econômica no sistema depende de um permanente crescimento dos passivos (e.g. crédito), com novos recursos sendo criados e direcionados para a circulação das mercadorias. Porém, a implicação direta da resolução do problema no período corrente é a ampliação do problema para os períodos seguintes, devido aos efeitos causados por essa solução nos balanços patrimoniais ¿ ativos e passivos. A metodologia utilizada partirá de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema da realização econômica, passando para a construção de modelos teóricos simplificados, com o intuito de verificar em que circunstâncias ocorrem o problema da realização e, por fim, apresentará as características que aproximam a resolução desse problema, pelo sistema capitalista, ao mecanismo de funcionamento das pirâmides financeiras. Para tanto, essa pesquisa estudará não só os fluxos econômicos, como também os determinantes das decisões que envolvem os estoques financeiros e de riqueza / Abstract: Capitalist economies have, repeatedly, situations where not all the goods are sold, an aspect that is not always taken into account by the orthodox theory. The objective is to make a theoretical analysis of dynamic macroeconomics to see what generates this problem and allowing it to be bypassed. It is argued in the thesis that: i) not only the possibility of a store of value that generates this problem, but also the fact of production distribute less purchasing power than the aggregate offer price, on account of profit, causing need for autonomous spending to occur in relation to purchasing power distributed so that the two variables - aggregate offer price and purchasing power - can match; ii) the realization in the system depends on a constant increase in liabilities (eg credit), with new features being created and directed to the movement of goods. However, the direct implication of the resolution of the problem in the current period is the expansion of the problem for the following periods due to the effects caused by this solution in the balance sheet - assets and liabilities. The methodology start with a literature review on the topic of realization, reaching the construction of simplified theoretical models in order to ascertain under what circumstances occur the realization problem and finally present the characteristics approaching the resolution of this problem, by the capitalist system, as the operation mechanism of pyramids schemes. Therefore, this research will study not only the economic flows, as well as the determinants of decisions involving financial and wealth stocks / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Ecofeminism has had a nonlinear developmental path. Although it was celebrated as a potentially revolutionary project in the 1970s, by the time climate change and environmental crises had worked their way into mainstream discourse ecofeminism had become practically unheard of. The purpose of this thesis is to reflect on the failure of early ecofeminism and to explore ecofeminism’s potential as a transformative project of the twenty-first century. This thesis is motivated by my own personal experience of ecofeminism as transformative and also by what I would call a recent resurgence of interest in ecofeminism by young students, budding feminists, and fledgling environmentalists that understand the climate and environmental crises as fundamentally linked to the oppressions of colonial capitalist-patriarchy. Recounting the origin, history, and marginalization of the project of ecofeminism, I explore the rift between materialist and spiritual/cultural approaches to argue that the effectiveness of ecofeminism is dependent upon a collaborative recovery from the damages done by extensive anti-essentialism critiques. The onto-epistemology of our current paradigm— defined by neoliberal capitalism and colonial patriarchy—limits response to the environmental crises of our times to that of incremental policy change that is more symbolic than substantive. I argue that, in order to escape the chains of the neoliberal/capitalist/patriarchal subject that are cast upon us by these predatory onto-epistemologies, we must envisage ways to be human otherwise; in reciprocal relationships with more-than-human nature. As a prefigurative project that centres the more-than-human yet maintains a comprehensive intersectional anti-oppressive framework, a contemporary ‘multispecies ecofeminism’ can endow us with this potentiality. In our times of immense ecological degradation and ‘point-of-no-return’ deadlines, ecofeminism is a needed ‘third story’ that resonates as revolutionary with young scholars of the twenty-first century. / Graduate

Thesis (B.A.)--Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

This dissertation is on sonic surveillance in the neoliberal context and its implication for privacy, agency, sovereignty, ownership and control. This research focuses on the social, political and ethical conceptions of privacy through musical consumption and sonic practices in the United States. I investigate non-creative recording practices in neoliberal life and identify the listening practices of surveillance capitalism to better understand how power circulates through sound. Through a multi-sited ethnography, I conduct three case studies on the recording and listening capacity of technological devices of everyday life in order to theorize what I term “the neoliberal ear”– a twenty-first century mode of listening to the world embedded into surveillance capitalism. I analyze three sonic tools of surveillance capitalism: streaming service Spotify, Smart Home device Amazon Echo, and Smart City communication hub LinkNYC. These technologies, I argue, embody and promote neoliberal ideology, and the companies that produces them operate within a neoliberal mode of governance allowed by public policies. This dissertation is interdisciplinary in scope and operates at theoretical crossings of sound and power, technology and cultural practices, and disciplinary crossings of music, law and computer science. I draw from, and build connections between; sound studies, ethnomusicology, legal literature and scholarship on copyright and privacy, surveillance studies, science and technology studies, and discourses on AI and ethics, to form theories of sound and power in surveillance capitalism.

Thesis advisor: Min Song / The following work is dedicated to my family to bridge the generational, cultural, and nationalistic differences within my first-generation immigrant family. I explore two contentions that have divided my generation from my parents. First, capitalism, including our relations to work and money, and what it means to become, as Ling Ma puts it in her novel Severance, a “person of use.” Additionally, nationalism, through recording my family’s immigration journey and factors that have informed their sense of identity. The contrasting ways in which my family views work and a sense of belonging has represented the conflict between two disparate ideologies: individualism versus collectivism. While the memoir remains the dominant voice, I include threads of research and interviews with my family members. Ultimately, I recognize that these political and personal threads intertwine and shape each other. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: English.

The globalized neoliberal agricultural regime operates within a neocolonial context and was therefore built upon the ideologies, law, and legacy of the colonial-era. Both capitalism and colonialism, in theory, and in practice, share characteristics that are inherently contrary to the realization of human rights. Given that the human rights framework operates within a globalized capitalist economy, there are systemic barriers to the universal realization of human rights. This thesis holds that the concept of food sovereignty not only highlights this reality but presents a nuanced emancipatory path forward towards a post-capitalist world where universal human rights realization is not only possible but inherent to the functioning of food sovereignty itself. Food sovereignty presents as a praxis for Marxist agrarian theory in establishing an approach to closing the metabolic rift. The existence of the Food Sovereignty Movement also confirms the existence of the metabolic rift as the theoretical disconnect between capitalism and human rights which underpins the current agricultural system. As a concept, it accounts for the systemic obstacles to the universal realization of the right to adequate food while also providing an alternative food system centred on the decisions of small-scale food producers. Contrary to capitalist and colonialist approaches to food production, food sovereignty is concerned with universal access to culturally appropriate nutritious foods produced through ecological means. Through a combination of normative and descriptive claims, this thesis examines the official recognition and realization of the right to food sovereignty as a proxy of Marxist ideology. Food sovereignty empowers the rights-holder to ensure the continued realization of their right to adequate food in underscoring the fact that rights realization is not static in nature but, an ongoing endeavour. As such, the process called for to implement an alternative food system is one of decolonization. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / Despite the existence of enough food for the sustenance of the global populace, there are obstacles prohibiting economic and physical access to food. These obstacles are created and maintained by the institutions and social structures that put forth policies encouraging economic and social inequality. The role which small-scale food producers play in global society is integral to the realization of the human right to adequate food. However, the current agricultural system de-values their work. Conceptually, food sovereignty highlights the oppressive nature of the agricultural system and puts forth a response that focuses on small-scale food producers assuming control over the food system. Commodification and exploitation are inherent characteristics of both the capitalist and colonial systems. Food sovereignty aims at dismantling oppressive systems through anti-capitalist and anti-colonial efforts sanctioned by the mobilization and collaboration of oppressed peoples within the context of food production.

This thesis explores, through a neo-Marxist/cultural materialist lens, how discourses of class conflict in three pieces of contemporary Canadian fiction — Megan Gail Coles’ Small Game Hunting at the Local Coward Gun Club (2019), Tracey Lindberg’s Birdie (2015), and André Alexis’s Fifteen Dogs (2015) — are suppressed in broader public discussions of the texts, particularly on the CBC Radio program Canada Reads. Through close-reading the texts and their respective Canada Reads seasons for how class is operating “equiprimordially” (Ashley Bohrer) — an intersectional conceptualization of class that views class and its relations to other systems of oppression such as race, gender, sexuality, and settler-colonialism as co-constitutive, not separate — I argue that Canada Reads serves as a cultural arm of the neoliberal Canadian state’s project of erasing the political saliency of class conflict so that it may continue to reproduce its conditions of existence. To demonstrate this, I first outline the history of Canadian state cultural policy in relation to class, as well my theoretical framework. I then close read the thesis’s three pieces of fiction to determine how they mobilize class in relation to Canadian state narratives of class. Following this, I close read each book’s respective Canada Reads broadcast to see if class is taken up at all in the discussions. I then examine Canada Reads as a “mass reading event” (MRE) [Danielle Fuller and DeNel Rehberg Sedo] and explore alternative modes of shared reading that escape the nationalist logic of Canada Reads and thus have potential for bringing class discourses forward. Ultimately, the thesis demonstrates that Canada Reads as a model of shared reading is too deeply tied to the liberal humanist values of the Canadian state for any radical class discourse to emerge from it. Radical class discourses in literature that could spur collective, transformative action must come from elsewhere. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / This thesis examines how messages of class conflict in three pieces of Canadian fiction — Megan Gail Coles’ Small Game Hunting at the Local Coward Gun Club, Tracey Lindberg’s Birdie, and André Alexis’s Fifteen Dogs — are suppressed in broader public discussions of each piece, particularly on the CBC Radio program Canada Reads. Reading both the books and the Canada Reads seasons each book appeared on through a neo-Marxist lens that places class in relation to other systems of oppression, such as gender, race, sexuality, and settler-colonialism, I argue that Canada Reads serves as a cultural arm of the neoliberal Canadian state’s project of erasing the political saliency of class conflict — something that it requires in order to reproduce itself. Based on this finding, I turn at the end to alternative models of shared reading that could serve as spaces that recognize class messages in literature.

<p> Abstract: How can artists uphold their creative autonomy from the dictates of capitalism without compromising their vision for social change? Max Weber made it clear that the capitalism of to-day, which has to dominate economic life, educates and selects the economic subjects which needs through a process of economic survival of the fittest. (Weber, 1958) Eleven visual artists from the Golden Horseshoe Area and the Greater Toronto Area participated in this qualitative study and provided in-depth interviews their creative work, personal struggles and insights about the current state arts community. The data suggests connections between 'starving artists' and creative autonomy. On one hand, artists who pursued their art outside the formal art market deemed they had greater autonomy but experienced greater economic insecurity and social isolation. On the other hand, artists who practiced their art within the formal art market believed they had better freedom but needed to compromise creative autonomy and their vision for social change. On the whole, both art practices seemed to have lead artists to assume the concept of Art for 'my sake,' an assertion of their self-directed will for their own purpose, reducing artists' creative motivation to produce art society and for social change. While it may be solitary, it may also be a revolutionary strategy that enhances more control and focus on the artists' rather than pursuing society for validation and economic rewards.</p> / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

The intent of this thesis is to explore the concept of creativity as it appears in the major works of Karl Marx and to attempt to discern its role in the emancipatory political project that Marx proposes. Contemporary understandings of creativity still rely upon notions of the artist-genius, locating the "true" expression of creative freedom in the work of art. A more recent development is the commodification of creativity as a quality of a good worker, who is now expected to find innovative ways of doing their job more efficiently. Both of these ideas about creativity allow for our creative energies to be diverted towards maintaining the existing relations of capitalist labor, one by putting it out of reach for most, the other by making it part of the tedium of wage labor. This thesis argues that creativity, as a fundamental human capacity, is an essential tool in changing our existing circumstances by instigating radical breaks from the status quo. Therefore, the first step in an emancipatory politics today is redefining creativity.