Carbide-derived carbon Monoliths (CDC-Ms) containing a multimodal arrangement with high volumes of micro- meso- and macropores are prepared by direct nanocasting of silica monoliths with polycarbosilane precursors. CDC-Ms show well-defined pore structures along with specific surface areas of more than 2600 m2 g−1 and overall pore volumes as high as 3.14 cm3 g−1. They exhibit advanced gas filtration properties compared to purely microporous materials due to enhanced storage capacities and kinetics as demonstrated by thermal response measurements based on InfraSORP technology.

Carbide-derived carbon Monoliths (CDC-Ms) containing a multimodal arrangement with high volumes of micro- meso- and macropores are prepared by direct nanocasting of silica monoliths with polycarbosilane precursors. CDC-Ms show well-defined pore structures along with specific surface areas of more than 2600 m2 g−1 and overall pore volumes as high as 3.14 cm3 g−1. They exhibit advanced gas filtration properties compared to purely microporous materials due to enhanced storage capacities and kinetics as demonstrated by thermal response measurements based on InfraSORP technology.

Des carbones dérivés de carbures à porosité monodisperse et nanocentrée autour de 0,6 nm ont été préparés par fluoration de carbures via l’arrachement sélectif de l’élément métallique et le maintien de l’empreinte carbonée initiale. Les carbures précurseurs ont été choisis parmi deux des classes de carbures à savoir interstitiels pour le carbure de titane et de niobium et covalents pour le carbure de silicium. La fluoration directe procédant sous flux d’une atmosphère de fluor pur apparait comme étant la seule méthode de fluoration apte à déstabiliser les poudres cristallisées. Appliquée au carbure de titane, des matériaux à teneur variable en carbone et en trifluorure de titane ont été obtenus et caractérisés structuralement par Diffraction des Rayons X quantitative, spectroscopies IR et Raman et leur texture sondée par Microscopie Electronique à Balayage et à Transmission et isothermes d’adsorption à l’azote à 77K. Ils ont aussi été évalués comme matériau d’électrode de supercondensateurs. La fluoration du carbure de silicium pour la stabilisation d’une phase carbonée est plus difficile et seule l’abaissement de la cristallinité du carbure par l’utilisation d’une mise en forme de type couche mince combinée à une méthode de fluoration alternative par décomposition de l’agent fluorant XeF2 ont permis d’obtenir une couche mince de carbone nanostructurée valorisable comme lubrifiant solide et aux propriétés de mouillabilité modulables. / Carbide-derived Carbons (CDC) with monodisperse ultramicroporosity have been prepared by carbide fluorination thanks to selective etching of metallic element. The chosen carbides precursors were titanium and niobium carbides, and silicon carbides from interstitial and covalent carbide family, respectively. Direct fluorination proceeding by a pure flow of 1 atm. of molecular fluorine is the only fluorination way which leads to the transformation of the powdered and highly crystallized carbide into some carbons. Materials with different ratio of carbon and solid titanium trifluoride were successfully obtained by direct fluorination of titanium carbide, characterized by quantitative XRD, IR and Raman spectroscopies and Scanning and Transmission Electronic Microscopies and used in supercapacitors. The direct fluorination of silicon carbide in order to form carbon is more difficult because of the competition between carbon formation and its degradation into gaseous carbon fluorides. To success in our goal, thin film morphology was used as precursor. However, an accurate fluorination way is needed and decomposition of XeF2 fluorinating agent was chosen. Thin films with variable thickness of nanostructured carbon at the surface were obtained and used as solid lubricant with tunable wettability properties.