Orientador: Sandra Maria Herondina Coelho Ávila de Aguiar / Banca: Célio Percinoto / Banca: Robson Frederico Cunha / Banca: Max Douglas Faria / Banca: Cintia Megid Barbieri / Resumo: Frequentemente, intervenções odontológicas provocam reações negativas como medo, ansiedade e estresse por parte das crianças. Devido à dor, apreensão e/ou medo, muitos pacientes desenvolvem uma intensa alteração psicossomática durante o tratamento odontológico. Dessa forma, é desencadeada no organismo uma série de fenômenos que determinam a elevação da temperatura, pressão arterial e taquicardia, que em conjunto com outras alterações determinarão um quadro típico de estresse. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial e temperatura corporal como medidores de estresse e correlacionar estes fatores fisiológicos com aspectos comportamentais de 180 crianças, antes, durante e após procedimentos odontológicos, distribuídas em 3 grupos (G1, G2 e G3) com 60 crianças cada, de ambos os sexos, agrupadas em 20 na faixa etária 1 (4 a 6 anos), 20 na Faixa etária 2 (7 a 9 anos) e 20 na Faixa etária 3 (10 a 12 anos). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, podemos concluir que: a idade não teve influência no comportamento dos 3 grupos; alterações fisiológicas quanto a temperatura corporal, pressão arterial (sistólica e diastólica) e frequência cardíaca, realmente ocorrem durante a realização dos procedimentos odontológicos; as alterações fisiológicas ocorrem de acordo com os procedimentos realizados e, a maioria das crianças apresentaram comportamento definitivamente positivo, independentemente dos procedimentos realizados / Abstract: Often, dental interventions provoke negative reactions such as fear, anxiety and stress by children. Due to pain, apprehension and/or fear, many patients develop an intense psychosomatic changes during dental treatment. Thus, the body triggers a series of phenomena that determine the elevation of temperature, blood pressure and tachycardia, which together with other changes determine a typical picture of stress. The present study aimed to evaluate heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature as measures of stress and physiological correlate these factors with behavioral aspects of 180 children before, during and after dental procedures, divided into 3 groups (G1, G2 and G3) each with 60 children, of both sexes, grouped in 20 aged 1 (4-6 years), 20 in the second age group (7-9 years) and 20 in the age group 3 (10 to 12 years). According to the results, we can conclude that age had no influence on the behavior of 3 groups; physiological changes as body temperature, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and heart rate actually occur during the performance of dental procedures, the physiological changes occur in accordance with the performed procedures and the majority of children had definitely positive behavior, regardless of the procedures performed / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:46:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_ts_dr_araca.pdf: 1620168 bytes, checksum: 5608e4efadd29ff9cc05368420d7bc42 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Frequentemente, intervenções odontológicas provocam reações negativas como medo, ansiedade e estresse por parte das crianças. Devido à dor, apreensão e/ou medo, muitos pacientes desenvolvem uma intensa alteração psicossomática durante o tratamento odontológico. Dessa forma, é desencadeada no organismo uma série de fenômenos que determinam a elevação da temperatura, pressão arterial e taquicardia, que em conjunto com outras alterações determinarão um quadro típico de estresse. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial e temperatura corporal como medidores de estresse e correlacionar estes fatores fisiológicos com aspectos comportamentais de 180 crianças, antes, durante e após procedimentos odontológicos, distribuídas em 3 grupos (G1, G2 e G3) com 60 crianças cada, de ambos os sexos, agrupadas em 20 na faixa etária 1 (4 a 6 anos), 20 na Faixa etária 2 (7 a 9 anos) e 20 na Faixa etária 3 (10 a 12 anos). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, podemos concluir que: a idade não teve influência no comportamento dos 3 grupos; alterações fisiológicas quanto a temperatura corporal, pressão arterial (sistólica e diastólica) e frequência cardíaca, realmente ocorrem durante a realização dos procedimentos odontológicos; as alterações fisiológicas ocorrem de acordo com os procedimentos realizados e, a maioria das crianças apresentaram comportamento definitivamente positivo, independentemente dos procedimentos realizados / Often, dental interventions provoke negative reactions such as fear, anxiety and stress by children. Due to pain, apprehension and/or fear, many patients develop an intense psychosomatic changes during dental treatment. Thus, the body triggers a series of phenomena that determine the elevation of temperature, blood pressure and tachycardia, which together with other changes determine a typical picture of stress. The present study aimed to evaluate heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature as measures of stress and physiological correlate these factors with behavioral aspects of 180 children before, during and after dental procedures, divided into 3 groups (G1, G2 and G3) each with 60 children, of both sexes, grouped in 20 aged 1 (4-6 years), 20 in the second age group (7-9 years) and 20 in the age group 3 (10 to 12 years). According to the results, we can conclude that age had no influence on the behavior of 3 groups; physiological changes as body temperature, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and heart rate actually occur during the performance of dental procedures, the physiological changes occur in accordance with the performed procedures and the majority of children had definitely positive behavior, regardless of the procedures performed

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The pain-controlling effects of a recently introduced electronic dental anesthesia device (CEDETA) were compared with those of local anesthesia in this study. Procedures performed involved full-coverage stainless steel crowns on maxillary primary molars, some of which required indirect pulp therapy and pulpotomies. A total of 55 children, aged 6 years to 10 1/2 years, were randomly selected to have treatment done with CEDETA or local anesthetic. Eight of these patients were treated with both CEDETA and local anesthetic at different appointments. At various times during each procedure, the patient and operator rated the patient's level of discomfort using a 6-point Visual Analog Scale. For each of the five evaluation steps, no significant differences existed in discomfort ratings between the CEDETA and local anesthetic methods for the group of eight patients or for the entire group. Operator ratings of patient discomfort did not vary significantly between the two methods of anesthesia for each of the evaluation steps, except at the step of maximum output or after injection, when the CEDETA group as a whole had significantly lower operator-rated pain. In general, patients tended to rate their perceptions of pain higher than those of the operator. Although the operator and patients in this study found CEDETA to be as effective as local anesthetic for controlling dental operative pain, a number of factors must be considered when deciding to use this type of electronic dental anesthesia. A substantial monetary investment is required to purchase the CEDETA device and the disposable electrodes and batteries to power the unit. There is an increased operating expense for each procedure done when using CEDETA, because of the additional time needed for the operator, staff, and patients to become familiar with the use of the device. Additional setup and break-down time is also needed when using CEDETA as opposed to local anesthetic.

In Jordan, residential care institutions (RCIs) for children in conflict with the law are identified as various specialised state institutions which constitute a state formal response to youth crime, and specialise in taking care of children. This thesis examines the objectives of RCIs’ programmes for children in conflict with the law in Jordan, as they attempt to reduce offending by convicted children, and whether these objectives meet children’s needs, according to the view and experiences of children themselves (12-17 years). This study is based on qualitative methods, using data from individual and focus group interviews with institutional staff, and participant observation and individual interviews with children. Exploring the divergent claims made within childhood and youth crime theoretical perspectives, this thesis develops a nuanced understanding of institutions’ crime-reduction programmes by drawing upon key theoretical concepts from these frameworks: children as ‘socially becoming’ and ‘social beings’. RCIs provide four rehabilitative programmes to help reduce children’s problematic and offending behaviour; namely, a family guidance programme (FGP), a poverty reduction programme (PRP), an educational programme (EP) and a child behaviour modification programme (CBMP). To a large extent, these programmes tended to provide polices of crime prevention which focus on re-socialising children according to the normative and cultural system of behaviour in which children were generally perceived as incompetent social actors, and where their best interest was not always acknowledged. To a large extent, children’s own perspectives and experiences of institutional rehabilitative programmes revealed the institutional failure to treat their familial, economical, educational and behavioural problems. Overall, children thought such failure happened either because the institutional aims were not actually implemented, or because the methods of delivering the institutional programmes per se were ineffective. This finding reflects a contradictory picture between the RCIs’ objectives and their actual practices, reflecting the institutional departure from a set of theoretical ideas regarding the prevention of youth crime. Focus group discussion with key informant staff referred to a variety of obstacles that contribute to their inability to address children’s wider needs within the existing institutional aims. Parental refusal to participate in child abuse and supervisory neglect interventional sessions, short-term intervention for chronically abused children and institutional reliance on talking methods in promoting parental supervision over children’s behaviour were all issues hindering effective institutional intervention within the familial environment. The institutional failure to meet children’s educational and career training needs occurred because these programmes are scheduled at the same time. The seriousness of some children’s crimes and the inability of some families to accompany their children to school were other issues preventing children from attending school. The lack of staff motivation, along with staff’s interrelated roles, prevented child monitoring staff from fully carrying out the intended intervention of modifying children’s negative behaviours. Ultimately, the findings from this study indicate the inconsistency between RCIs’ principles of rehabilitating children in conflict with the law and their actual practices, including the lack of policies in place to meet the institutional objectives. This in turn meant that RCIs do not actually operate to rehabilitate children in order to reduce reoffending, but are largely punitive and operate to criminalise children and separate them from society.

Esta pesquisa se insere no campo da Psicologia Cultural do Desenvolvimento Humano e tem como objetivo investigar o compartilhamento da educação e do cuidado de crianças pequenas (1 a 5 anos) em um assentamento e um acampamento rural. Consideramos como compartilhamento da educação a participação de um grupo de pessoas, adultos ou crianças, nos momentos cotidianos da criança. A hipótese inicial da investigação estava relacionada a uma aparente coletivização da educação no acampamento e uma individualização no assentamento, determinados, sobretudo, pelas práticas culturais de cada contexto. Participaram da investigação 10 crianças (5 moradoras de um acampamento rural e 5 de um assentamento rural). A metodologia consistiu em observação participante com a imersão da pesquisadora por uma média de 6 dias no cotidiano familiar e comunitário de cada criança, com anotação em diário de campo das atividades, parceiros e cenários de compartilhamento do cuidado e da educação da criança. Os resultados apontam para: um intenso compartilhamento no grupo de vizinhança no acampamento e no grupo de família extensa no assentamento; a importância do cuidado e educação exercido entre as crianças, especialmente em situações de brincadeira; o histórico de migração como condição relacionada à maior busca pelo compartilhamento; a mulher como principal cuidadora, aspecto intimamente relacionado ao trabalho doméstico e na agricultura.O trabalho propicia reflexões acerca da diversidade dos modos de vida das crianças nestes contextos, sendo que há potencialidades educacionais ali construídas, fruto de uma riqueza cultural latente. Aponta ainda para considerações acerca das políticas públicas e garantia de direitos às crianças. / This research is within the field of Cultural Psychology of Human Development and aims to investigate the sharing of education and care of young children (1-5 years) in a settlement and in a rural campsite. We consider education as a share of the participation of a group of people, adults or children, in the child\'s everyday moments. The initial hypothesis of the research was related to an apparent collectivization of education in the camp and an individualization in the settlement, determined primarily by cultural practices of each context. Ten children participated in the research (5 residents of a rural camp and 5 of a rural settlement). The methodology consisted in an active observation with the immersion of the researcher by an average of 6 days in family and community daily life of every child, taking field notes in a diary of activities, partners and children\'s care and education sharing scenarios. The results show: an intense sharing in the neighborhood group in the camp and extended family group in the settlement; the importance of care and education carried out among children, particularly in play situations; the migration history as a related condition to the search for greater sharing; the woman as main caregiver, closely related to domestic work aspect and agriculture. The work provides reflections on the diversity of ways of life of children in these contexts, therefore there\'s educational possibilities being built, result from a latent cultural wealth. It also points to considerations about public policies and guarantee of rights to children.

Esta pesquisa se insere no campo da Psicologia Cultural do Desenvolvimento Humano e tem como objetivo investigar o compartilhamento da educação e do cuidado de crianças pequenas (1 a 5 anos) em um assentamento e um acampamento rural. Consideramos como compartilhamento da educação a participação de um grupo de pessoas, adultos ou crianças, nos momentos cotidianos da criança. A hipótese inicial da investigação estava relacionada a uma aparente coletivização da educação no acampamento e uma individualização no assentamento, determinados, sobretudo, pelas práticas culturais de cada contexto. Participaram da investigação 10 crianças (5 moradoras de um acampamento rural e 5 de um assentamento rural). A metodologia consistiu em observação participante com a imersão da pesquisadora por uma média de 6 dias no cotidiano familiar e comunitário de cada criança, com anotação em diário de campo das atividades, parceiros e cenários de compartilhamento do cuidado e da educação da criança. Os resultados apontam para: um intenso compartilhamento no grupo de vizinhança no acampamento e no grupo de família extensa no assentamento; a importância do cuidado e educação exercido entre as crianças, especialmente em situações de brincadeira; o histórico de migração como condição relacionada à maior busca pelo compartilhamento; a mulher como principal cuidadora, aspecto intimamente relacionado ao trabalho doméstico e na agricultura.O trabalho propicia reflexões acerca da diversidade dos modos de vida das crianças nestes contextos, sendo que há potencialidades educacionais ali construídas, fruto de uma riqueza cultural latente. Aponta ainda para considerações acerca das políticas públicas e garantia de direitos às crianças. / This research is within the field of Cultural Psychology of Human Development and aims to investigate the sharing of education and care of young children (1-5 years) in a settlement and in a rural campsite. We consider education as a share of the participation of a group of people, adults or children, in the child\'s everyday moments. The initial hypothesis of the research was related to an apparent collectivization of education in the camp and an individualization in the settlement, determined primarily by cultural practices of each context. Ten children participated in the research (5 residents of a rural camp and 5 of a rural settlement). The methodology consisted in an active observation with the immersion of the researcher by an average of 6 days in family and community daily life of every child, taking field notes in a diary of activities, partners and children\'s care and education sharing scenarios. The results show: an intense sharing in the neighborhood group in the camp and extended family group in the settlement; the importance of care and education carried out among children, particularly in play situations; the migration history as a related condition to the search for greater sharing; the woman as main caregiver, closely related to domestic work aspect and agriculture. The work provides reflections on the diversity of ways of life of children in these contexts, therefore there\'s educational possibilities being built, result from a latent cultural wealth. It also points to considerations about public policies and guarantee of rights to children.

This study proposed a multifactorial model of development to understand the development of infants during their first 12 months of life who had been born to chemically dependent women. The impact of maternal chemical dependency on pregnancy outcome, factors associated with severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome and effectiveness of three treatments used in the management of neonatal abstinence syndrome was studied in 271 mother-infant pairs, who were managed by the Chemical Dependency Unit, Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne between April 1991 and May 1994. / The chemically dependent mothers and their infants were grouped on the basis of their primary drug of abuse: viz methadone, heroin, non-opioid and codeine groups. Fifty two infants born to drug-free mothers were recruited from a routine antenatal clinic of the same hospital to serve as a control group. The controls were matched for maternal age, marital status, race socioeconomic status, educational level, alcohol and tobacco consumption. / Patterns of maternal drug use were determined by reports from methadone treatment programs, drug rehabilitation centres, medical records, personal interviews and urine toxicologic assays performed on mothers during pregnancy and on their infants during the first 48 hours of life. Urine was assayed for metabolites of methadone, amphetamines, barbiturates, cocaine, opiates, cannabis and benzodiazepines. / There were 180 heroin-dependent, one morphine-dependent and one pethidine-dependent pregnant women enrolled in methadone maintenance programs. The methadone group consisted of these 182 methadone-maintained women and their offspring. Thirty five heroin-dependent women and their offspring formed the heroin group. The non-opioid group consisted of 46 chemically dependent women who used multiple drugs but not opioid drugs during their pregnancy and their offspring. There were eight mother-infant pairs in the codeine group. The mothers in this group primarily abused medication containing codeine in pregnancy. (For complete abstract open document)

Thesis (M.P.H.M. (Primary Health Care Management))--Mahidol University, 2008. / LICL has E-Thesis 0038 ; please contact computer services.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2007. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-05, page: 2470. Adviser: William D. Spears. Includes bibliographical references.