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<div>This dissertation consists of three chapters. The first chapter, Inertia and Switching in Health Insurance Plans, seeks to examine health insurance choice of families and individuals employed by a large Midwestern public university during the years 2012-2016. A growing number of studies indicate that consumers do not understand the basics of health insurance, make inefficient plan choices, and may hesitate to switch plans even when it is optimal to do so. In this study, I identify what are later defined as unanticipated, exogenous health shocks in the health insurance claims data, in order to examine their effect on families' plan choice and switching behavior. Observing switches into relatively generous plans after a shock is indicative of adverse selection. Adverse retention and inertia, on the other hand, may be present if people remain in the relatively less generous plans after experiencing a shock. The results could help inform the policy-makers about consumer cost-effectiveness in plan choice over time.</div><div> Physicians’ relationships with the pharmaceutical industry have recently come under public scrutiny, particularly in the context of opioid drug prescribing. The second chapter, Pharmaceutical Opioid Marketing and Physician Prescribing Behavior, examines the effect of doctor-industry marketing interactions on subsequent prescribing patterns of opioids using linked Medicare Part D and Open Payments data for the years 2014-2017. Results indicate that both the number and the dollar value of marketing visits increase physicians’ patented opioid claims. Furthermore, direct-to-physician marketing of safer abuse-deterrent formulations of opioids is the primary driver of positive and persistent spillovers on the prescribing of less safe generic opioids - a result that may be driven by insurance coverage policies. These findings suggest that pharmaceutical marketing efforts may have unintended public health implications.</div><div> The third chapter, Accountable Care Organizations and Physician Antibiotic Prescribing Behavior, examines the effects of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs). Physician accountable care organization affiliation has been found to reduce cost and improve quality across metrics that are directly measured by the ACO shared savings program. However, little is known about potential spillover effects from this program onto non-measured physician behavior such as antibiotic over-prescribing. Using a two-part structural selection model that accounts for selection into treatment (ACO group), and non-treatment (control group), this chapter compares physician/nurse antibiotic prescribing across these groups with adjustment for geographic, physician, patient and institutional characteristics. Heterogeneous treatment responses across specialties are also estimated. The findings indicate that ACO affiliation helps reduce antibiotic prescribing by 23.9 prescriptions (about 19.4 percent) per year. The treatment effects are found to vary with specialty with internal medicine physicians experiencing an average decrease of 19 percent, family and general practice physicians a decrease of 16 percent, and nurse practitioners a reduction of 12.5 percent in their antibiotic prescribing per year. In terms of selection into treatment, the failure to account for selection on physician unobservable characteristics results in an understating of the average treatment effects. In assessing the impact of programs, such as the ACO Shared Savings Program, which act to augment how physicians interact with each other and their patients, it is important to account for spillover effects. As an example of such spillover effect - this study finds that ACO affiliation has had a measurable impact on physician antibiotic prescribing.</div>

L’amélioration de la prise en charge du cancer est un enjeu de santé publique important compte tenu des impacts de cette maladie pour la santé publique. Les technologies de l’information et de communication (TIC) sont perçues comme une solution pouvant contribuer à l’amélioration de cette prise en charge. Malgré cela, peu d’expériences évaluent leur utilisation dans un contexte de coordination des soins en cancérologie. Le but de ce mémoire est d’apprécier comment les TIC peuvent être utilisées pour améliorer la coordination des soins en cancérologie et de décrire quelles sont les stratégies pouvant permettre leur succès. Deux articles ont été rédigés avec chacun un objectif rattaché au but global du mémoire. L’objectif du premier article est de rassembler les connaissances existantes relatives aux usages des TIC pouvant être à même de fournir une amélioration de la coordination des soins en cancérologie. Il présente les résultats d’une revue de littérature ayant identifié six types d’usages des TIC pouvant être utilisés dans un parcours coordonné. Il propose six recommandations pouvant contribuer à la réussite de leur conception et de leur implantation. Les plus importantes sont la planification rigoureuse du design de l’intervention et l’amélioration des stratégies de gestion de projet. Le deuxième article a comme objectif de connaître la perception des professionnels de soins par rapport à l’utilisation des technologies mobiles. Il analyse les perceptions et les attentes de professionnels oeuvrant dans un centre de cancérologie spécialisé (France) à partir de 10 entretiens faits auprès d’individus rattachés à divers services. Leur analyse permet de constater l’attitude favorable à l’utilisation de TIC mobiles en cancérologie et le peu de craintes associées aux impacts néfastes qu’il pourrait avoir. Elle met en évidence l’importance des enjeux organisationnels nécessaire à la mise en place et au succès de cette intervention. Ces deux études permettent de constater les rapprochements et les écarts entre les usages et recommandations tirés de la littérature et les perceptions des répondants en cancérologie. Mots-clés : technologies de l’information, cancérologie, parcours coordonné, étude de cas, revue de littérature, coordination des soins, enjeux organisationnels, usages des TIC. / The impact of cancer care is a major public health issue, mainly because of both its major health and economic impacts. The use of information technologies (IT) is seen as a solution that can contribute to reduce the load associated with cancer. Despite this, there are only few experiments evaluating their use in the cancer care. The purpose of this memoir is to find ways how IT can be used to improve this situation and describe what strategies can help them succeed. To do so, this memoir presents two articles each pursuing a goal related to that global objective. The first article aims to gather existing knowledge on how the use of IT may provide better coordination of cancer care. It presents the results of a literature review that built a typology of six uses in which IT can be used to provide better care coordination. It also offers six recommendations to insure the success of their design and their implementation. The two most important ones are rigorous planning and strong intervention design. The second article reports and analyse the perception of health professionals in relation to the use of mobile technologies in a cancer care setting. It presents data gathered from 10 interviews conducted a the cancer center (France). Their analysis shows that most of them have a positive attitude towards the use of IT in cancer care. It also denotes some of the fears associated with the adverse impacts it may bring. The results highlights the importance of considering organizational issues for the implementation of sucessful interventions. These two studies show that there are many similarities and few differences between the usages and recommendations from the literature and the perceptions of the professionnals working in a specialized cancer care center. / Réalisé en cotutelle avec Claude Sicotte PhD Université de Montréal et le Pr. Étienne Minvielle École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique à Paris.

Réalisé en cotutelle avec Claude Sicotte PhD Université de Montréal et le Pr. Étienne Minvielle École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique à Paris. / L’amélioration de la prise en charge du cancer est un enjeu de santé publique important compte tenu des impacts de cette maladie pour la santé publique. Les technologies de l’information et de communication (TIC) sont perçues comme une solution pouvant contribuer à l’amélioration de cette prise en charge. Malgré cela, peu d’expériences évaluent leur utilisation dans un contexte de coordination des soins en cancérologie. Le but de ce mémoire est d’apprécier comment les TIC peuvent être utilisées pour améliorer la coordination des soins en cancérologie et de décrire quelles sont les stratégies pouvant permettre leur succès. Deux articles ont été rédigés avec chacun un objectif rattaché au but global du mémoire. L’objectif du premier article est de rassembler les connaissances existantes relatives aux usages des TIC pouvant être à même de fournir une amélioration de la coordination des soins en cancérologie. Il présente les résultats d’une revue de littérature ayant identifié six types d’usages des TIC pouvant être utilisés dans un parcours coordonné. Il propose six recommandations pouvant contribuer à la réussite de leur conception et de leur implantation. Les plus importantes sont la planification rigoureuse du design de l’intervention et l’amélioration des stratégies de gestion de projet. Le deuxième article a comme objectif de connaître la perception des professionnels de soins par rapport à l’utilisation des technologies mobiles. Il analyse les perceptions et les attentes de professionnels oeuvrant dans un centre de cancérologie spécialisé (France) à partir de 10 entretiens faits auprès d’individus rattachés à divers services. Leur analyse permet de constater l’attitude favorable à l’utilisation de TIC mobiles en cancérologie et le peu de craintes associées aux impacts néfastes qu’il pourrait avoir. Elle met en évidence l’importance des enjeux organisationnels nécessaire à la mise en place et au succès de cette intervention. Ces deux études permettent de constater les rapprochements et les écarts entre les usages et recommandations tirés de la littérature et les perceptions des répondants en cancérologie. Mots-clés : technologies de l’information, cancérologie, parcours coordonné, étude de cas, revue de littérature, coordination des soins, enjeux organisationnels, usages des TIC. / The impact of cancer care is a major public health issue, mainly because of both its major health and economic impacts. The use of information technologies (IT) is seen as a solution that can contribute to reduce the load associated with cancer. Despite this, there are only few experiments evaluating their use in the cancer care. The purpose of this memoir is to find ways how IT can be used to improve this situation and describe what strategies can help them succeed. To do so, this memoir presents two articles each pursuing a goal related to that global objective. The first article aims to gather existing knowledge on how the use of IT may provide better coordination of cancer care. It presents the results of a literature review that built a typology of six uses in which IT can be used to provide better care coordination. It also offers six recommendations to insure the success of their design and their implementation. The two most important ones are rigorous planning and strong intervention design. The second article reports and analyse the perception of health professionals in relation to the use of mobile technologies in a cancer care setting. It presents data gathered from 10 interviews conducted a the cancer center (France). Their analysis shows that most of them have a positive attitude towards the use of IT in cancer care. It also denotes some of the fears associated with the adverse impacts it may bring. The results highlights the importance of considering organizational issues for the implementation of sucessful interventions. These two studies show that there are many similarities and few differences between the usages and recommendations from the literature and the perceptions of the professionnals working in a specialized cancer care center.