Military load carrying has occupied the attention of military developers, researchers and commanders over centuries. The Army backpack remains the means of carriage for ammunition and rations for the soldier in the field. The traditional rationale for its use has been that the infantry soldier must be able to sustain himself in combat and live independently for days at a time without resupply. At the Royal Military College, Duntroon (RMC), the mission is to produce men and women who are capable and effective officers and soldiers. The weight of the pack with the items required at RMC is often in excess of 40 kg. In evaluating the effectiveness of current practice, this thesis takes an anthropometric perspective in exploring the historical, physiological and social context of current loads carried by Australian soldiers, It does not, however, evaluate the content of the load itself. Research methods include: a/. Systematic examination of past research findings on the social and physiological aspects of military load carrying since the Roman Centurions. b/. Biophysical tesing of nine soldiers, using a battery of physiological tests to determine heart rates and energy expenditure at various loads. c/. A survey of 100 soldiers from the Royal Military College, Duntroon and in-depth interviews with a sample of four experienced soldiers to obtain the views of the load carriers. The research concludes that the optimum approach to load carrying, and so to the design of the Army backpack, is that it be task-and soldier-specific. This runs directly counter to the longstanding Army traditions of preparing all soldiers for every possible contingency in battle and regarding all soldiers as equivalent units. The study findings offer some specific directions in which the design of the army backpack can be improved. / Master of Science (Hons)

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

In the process of pursuing economic growth as the national target for a long time, Taiwan has created an economic miracle but sacrificed ecological environmental sources. With increasing higher living standards, more living space is demanded such that providing clean and green spaces along riverbanks in addition to offering security becomes another important mission. In recent years, the global thinking of sustainable development has demanded more ecological and environmental protection such that efficient management of waters along river, drainage and seacoast will be emphasized tasks of watershed management. The main objective of pollution investigation and quantity estimation in Chiang-Chun River watershed is to effectively comprehend the sources of pollution to assist in establishing the water quality model to be used in simulation. The QUAL2E model developed by the US EPA is used to carried out estimating the carrying capacity of Chiang-Chun River, and drafting pollution control measures and waste reduction strategies so that the objective of improving Chiang-Chun River¡¦s water quality can be achieved. Chiang-Chun River has long been subjected to pollutions from industrial and domestic waste discharges resulting in serious water quality deterioration. Additionally the waste discharge from manufacturing plants along the creek has made the pollution even worse. Hence, various environmental protection authorities have actively promoted the checking and controlling industrial and pig-farming wastewater discharges and established a mechanism encouraging local residents to participate in the watershed pollution prevention and control. These measures will not only alleviate the water pollution in Chiang-Chun River with limited resources but also achieve the purpose of communing local residents and the river. V The livestock wastewater is currently treated in three-stage system including solid-liquid separation, anaerobic treatment and aerobic treatment. With good management, the effluent is expected to meet discharge standards. However, since most pig farmers, who may try to save costs, have not efficiently managed the treatment facility so that the treated effluent does not meet the standards. If directly discharged into surface bodies, the improperly treated effluent will cause serious pollution problems. A natural treatment and water purification system is currently being promoted. If implemented in the three-stage treatment system, the natural system (aquatic treatment system) will achieve energy savings, lower the difficulty to operate the treatment system and reduce the operation and maintenance costs. Additionally, effluent quality can be improved such that the possibility of water reuse is also expected. Providing adequate treatment for domestic wastewater requires the construction of sewage system, which is costly and may take a long time to complete. Additionally, since most residents are scattered in the watershed, the construction of conventional sewage system to collect domestic wastewater is not cost-effective. Hence, the natural system, e.g. constructed wetland, is proposed as the major method for treating the wastewater discharged from communities and for achieving water reuse such that multiple-functional benefits can be reached. Additionally, the concept and tasks of water pollution prevention and control can be deeply rooted in the community development so that a community possessing the capability of water self-purification and sustainable application is developed.

With the dominance of service industry and the membership of WTO for Taiwan, the farming and fishing industries are facing fierce competition from globalization. Traditional agricultural society has thus largely perished, its population aged and young people moving to cities, productivity being low. Farming and fishing industries are no longer able to support livelihood of local communities. It is highly trumpeted for these industries to be transformed to leisure-purposed farming and fishing. Tourism is now almost seen as a panacea for the future. However, there are many problems. The current study uses a ¡¥mediocre¡¦ case of Shi-Tsao area of Tainan as an example, to study the normal pattern of development of traditional communities into tourism destinations. The research focuses on the issues that this area has faced, the ecological functions and environmental attributes of its coastal area, including the carrying capacity; an environmental analysis of the community is also executed. Adopting a qualitative approach, the research is based on in-depth interviews, literature evidence, and a case study of Tao-Mi Community. The purpose is to study the issues that Shi-Tsao faces during its transit to a new industry. SWOT analysis is used, and cross-analyses of the Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat are executed to find out the priorities of the related issues. Suggestions are given as how to make the transition more smooth and plausible. The ultimate purpose is to help understand the whole situation that Taiwanese rural area faces nowadays. The conclusions include issues in ecology, land use, investment and professional planning from outside and legal problems; it is also found that social and political issues such as resource distributions and partisan are detrimental to development.

The Kaoping River basin is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. It is 171-km long, drains a catchment of more than 3,250 km2. Based on the current water quality analysis, the Kaoping River is heavily polluted. Concern about the deteriorating condition of the river led the Government of Taiwan to amend the relevance legislations and strengthen the enforcement of the discharge regulations to effectively manage the river and control the pollution. Investigation results demonstrate that both point and non-point source pollutants are now the causes of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, and pathogens in the river. The main water pollution sources are livestock wastewater from hog farms, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, non-point source (NPS) pollutants from agricultural areas, and leachate from riverbank landfills. The current daily BOD, NH3-N, and TP loadings to Kaoping River are 74,700, 39,400, and 5,100 kg, respectively. However, the calculated BOD, NH3-N, and TP carrying capacities are 27,700, 4,200, and 600 kg per day. To protect public health and improve the river water quality, the comprehensive management and construction strategy is proposed. The proposed strategy includes the following measures to meet the calculated river carrying capacity: (1) hog ban in the entire Kaoping River basin, (2) sewer system construction to achieve 30% of connection in the basin within 10 years, (3) removal of 10 riverbank landfills, and (4) enforcement of the industrial wastewater discharge standards. After the implementation of the proposed measures, the water quality should be significantly improved and the BOD and nutrient loadings can be reduced to below the calculated carrying capacities.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 364-378).

published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

No description available.

Thesis (MPhysio)--University of South Australia, 1998

Thesis (MAppSc) -- University of South Australia, 1997