RIOS, Joâo Vianey Vasconcelos. Problema de Castillon. 2016. 49 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática em Rede Nacional) – Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2016-08-01T12:49:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jvvrios.pdf: 3082132 bytes, checksum: 07cce99cf584ab5f22a14d476b838692 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2016-08-01T12:50:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jvvrios.pdf: 3082132 bytes, checksum: 07cce99cf584ab5f22a14d476b838692 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T12:50:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jvvrios.pdf: 3082132 bytes, checksum: 07cce99cf584ab5f22a14d476b838692 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / In this work, our proposal is to introduce a methodology that helps the professor of mathematics at the consolidation of high school students of the contents, since many of them lack the knowledge necessary for learning mathematics. We present a solution to a famous ancient geometric problem, the Castillon problem. We will use the strings of knowledge on the circumference of the secant theorem, tangent theorem, angles between parallel and parallelism between straight for the construction of the solution. With the help of Geogebra dynamic geometry software, we propose a roadmap for the construction of the solution presented in our work. Joining geometry and computer, we present a model for the introduction of the problem in high school math classes as a motivational environment for the study of geometry. Then the application of the method was performed with a group of students, developing the problem and introducing the concepts needed to build the solution of it. At the end of the application, we held a discussion with students in order to verify the e ectiveness of the presented methodological proposal. In the analysis of the discussion, a greater interest in learning the content was diagnosed as the understanding of concepts, according to them, has become clearer with the dynamism of the software. This shows that the junction between mathematics and computational technologies help in teaching and learning geometry in high school. / Neste trabalho, nossa proposta e de apresentar uma metodologia que auxilie o professor de Matemática na consolidação de conteúdos dos alunos do ensino médio, uma vez que muitos deles carecem de conhecimentos necessários a aprendizagem de Matemática. Apresentamos uma solução para um famoso problema geométrico da antiguidade, o problema de Castillon. Usaremos os conhecimentos de cordas na circunferência, teorema da secante, teorema da tangente, ângulos entre paralelas e o paralelismo entre retas, para a construção da solução do problema. Com o auxílio do software de geometria dinâmica Geogebra, propomos um roteiro para a construção da solução apresentada em nosso trabalho. Unindo geometria e informática, apresentamos um modelo para a introdução do problema nas aulas de Matemática do ensino médio como um meio motivacional para o estudo de geometria. Em seguida, foi realizada a aplicação do método com um grupo de alunos, desenvolvendo o problema e introduzindo os conceitos necess arios para a construção da solução do mesmo. Ao fi nal da aplicação, realizamos uma discussão com os alunos de forma a verfiicar a eficácia da proposta metodológica apresentada. Realizando a análise da discussão, foi diagnosticado um maior interesse na aprendizagem dos conteúdos, pois a compreensão de conceitos, segundo os mesmos, se tornou mais clara com o dinamismo do software. Isto mostra que a junção entre Matemática e tecnologias computacionais ajudam no ensino e aprendizagem de geometria no ensino médio.

La présente étude vise à écouter la voix des femmes s’exprimant à travers leurs œuvres, à comprendre leurs motivations, leurs buts et leur place dans le discours littéraire et social ; on cherchera aussi à analyser la réception par les étudiants de la littérature française féminine contemporaine, considérée comme une proposition de lecture digne d’attention en raison de son caractère socialement engagé. Le fait de se demander de quelle façon la littérature française créée par les femmes observe les problèmes auxquels est confrontée la société contemporaine et de quelle manière elle entreprend un dialogue sur ces sujets, montrant par là un intérêt pour l’ordre social et politique, semble élargir avec profit non seulement les perspectives de l’analyse littéraire, mais également l’horizon de la didactique de la littérature. En se penchant sur la création littéraire contemporaine des femmes, on cherche à proposer un tour d’horizon des formes d’engagement et du degré d’intensité avec lequel sont traitées les questions de société dont la problématique influence la situation de l’individu et les communautés qu’il forme, à commencer par la plus petite d’entre elles : la famille. À travers l’œuvre de Claire Castillon, qui puise dans les modèles créés par les femmes écrivains des générations précédentes, nous pouvons observer la façon dont celles-ci entreprennent une réflexion critique sur leur place et leur rôle dans le tissu social, mais aussi sur l’état général de la société dans laquelle elles évoluent. De même, nous voyons quels problèmes de société apparaissent comme les plus sensibles de leur point de vue. Afin de suivre l’évolution de l’écriture féminine et de mieux comprendre sa place actuelle, il est essentiel d’analyser les motifs pour lesquels les femmes ont saisi la plume, notamment depuis la Révolution française, lorsque ces questions de société ont pris une importance particulière dans le discours public, également dans le champ littéraire. / This study aims to listen to the voices of women expressed through their works, to understand their motivations, their goals and their place in the literary and social discourse ; we also seek to analyze the reception by students of contemporary French women's writing considered a reading proposal worthy of attention because of its socially committed character. The fact wonder how French literature created by women observe the issues facing modern society and how she develop a dialogue on these subjects, thereby showing an interest in social and political order which seems to expand profitably not only the prospects of literary analysis, but also the horizon of didactics of literature. By focusing on the contemporary literature of women, it seeks to provide an overview of the forms of commitment and degree of intensity with which are treated the issues of society whose problems affect the situation of the individual and communities that it forms, starting with the smallest one: the family. Through the work of Claire Castillon, which draws from models created by women writers of previous generations, we can observe how women writers undertake critical reflection on the role od women in society, but also the general state of society in which they operate. Similarly, we see which social issus are most essential to their views. To follow the evolution of women's writing and understand its current position, it is important to analyze the reasons why women have seized the pen, especially since the French Revolution, when the social issues have taken a particular importance in the public discourse, also in the literary field.

Le présent mémoire porte sur l'emprise maternelle et l'absence de frontières qu'on observe dans les relations mère-fille conflictuelles dépeintes par certaines auteures francophones contemporaines. Ainsi, il sera question des romans Paradis, clef en main et Crève, maman! des Québécoises Nelly Arcan et Mô Singh, ainsi que du recueil de nouvelles Insecte, de la Française Claire Castillon. Nous verrons d'abord les mécanismes par lesquels s'instaure l'emprise maternelle, notamment par l'absence de frontières ou de limites adéquates entre mère et fille, ensuite les façons dont les filles tentent de se sortir de cette fusion avec la mère et, enfin, les manières dont l'écriture, voire la structure des textes, est travaillée par cette situation entre les deux femmes. Pour cela, nous nous appuierons sur des études psychanalytiques, littéraires et féministes. Il sera également question de travaux sur l'injure, puisqu'il s'agit de l'arme privilégiée par les protagonistes dans ce qui devient une guerre pour « sauver sa peau ». Nous concluons en effet que l'enjeu de cette emprise est majoritairement la peau puisque mère et fille se retrouvent à n'en posséder qu'une seule pour elles deux, dont la mère détient la plus grande part. La fille, victime d'emprise, perd son impression de cohésion et les frontières symboliques de son corps deviennent poreuses, en raison de cette peau partagée. Le comportement d'une mère qui refuse de respecter certaines limites avec sa fille mène celle-ci à basculer vers l'animalité, car elle n'est jamais une femme à part entière. Entre elles, toute réconciliation est impossible tant qu'elles doivent se partager cette peau puisqu'elles ne sont pas entièrement séparées. Se parler d'égale à égale, dans cette situation, est impossible. C'est souvent la mort qui effectue la séparation nécessaire entre les deux femmes et qui empêche ainsi la relation de se modifier. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Relation mère-fille, maternité, emprise maternelle, inceste, peau, injure.

This thesis examines representations of the intimate as experienced by female protagonists, through expressions related to the heart, the soul and the body, in a comparative study of novels by French women writers from the 19th century and the present day. The corpus consists of seven novels : Ourika by Claire de Duras (1822), Lélia by George Sand (1833 & 1839), Monsieur Vénus. Roman matérialiste by Rachilde (1884), Femme nue, femme noire by Calixthe Beyala (2003), Vous parler d’elle by Claire Castillon (2004), Le Cœur cousu by Carole Martinez (2007), and Mon cœur à l’étroit by Marie NDiaye (2007). As a starting point, the thesis provides an extensive literature survey of existing research on the intimate as well as an introduction of the feminist and psychanalytic approaches underpinning the subsequent analyses, which are conducted in two parts, according to the personal and relational dimensions of the intimate. The theories of Beauvoir, Kristeva and Lacan offer perspectives on the intimate experience of women characters which is conveyed in literary imagery as the desire of the Other, and which is oppressed in a patriarchal symbolic order, although an aesthetic with specific narrative techniques related to women’s experience of the intimate is identified in most of the novels. These features include blurring and fragmentation of spatiotemporality, a marked intricacy of narrative voice, proximate first-person narrators, and the development of themes such as the writing of the body, sensed as a container. A discrepancy is noticed between the dominating androcentric posture of the heroines which is found in underlying discourse, and the sensorial dimension of their experience. This leads to a sublimation of body and sexuality in the romantic novels, a masochistic exaltation of the body and pain in the decadent novel and a psychotic and paranoid state in the novels from present day literature. The themes of female sacrifice and of death and denial of the body are very strong throughout the corpus. Relationships within the family are explored, including the mother-daughter relationships that are emphasised in the recent novels but not in those from the 19th century. Family structure, Christian culture and patriarchal, hierarchical social organisation are analysed as grounds for women’s alienation in the novels. The issue of perversion, which is striking in the novels on several different levels, is described as a transgression which involves the reader.