Pretende-se analisar o mercado contemporâneo de livros de bolso a partir de quatro coleções, duas brasileiras e duas francesas: L&PM Pocket, da L± Companhia de Bolso, da Companhia das Letras; Le Livre de Poche, da Librairie Générale Française; e Folio, da Gallimard. Investiga-se a materialidade dos livros, com destaque para os seus formatos, capas, paginação e elementos pré e pós-textuais. À luz da Histoire du livre francesa e da Bibliografia, as características editoriais são discutidas em sua historicidade, apontando as condições sociais e econômicas que permitiram o seu surgimento e desenvolvimento em cada época e país abordado. Em uma perspectiva comparativa, as conquistas e deficiências das coleções brasileiras são debatidas em relação ao modelo francês, com suas coleções mais antigas e consolidadas há décadas. Deste modo, propõe-se testar duas hipóteses: de que o mercado nacional vive um período de diversificação, com títulos que não se resumem a bestsellers e/ou clássicos da literatura; e que, assim como ocorreu na Europa na metade do século XX, as coleções de bolso têm se aproximado do público universitário. Conclui-se que embora as coleções brasileiras ainda não apresentem a mesma variedade de séries e títulos que as francesas e não respondam por uma fatia expressiva do consumo de livros no país, elas têm se expandido e recorrido a medidas e estratégias similares às adotadas pelas principais coleções dos países que utilizamos como referência. / Brazilian and two French: L&PM Pocket, from L± Companhia de Bolso, from Companhia das Letras; Le Livre de Poche, from Librairie Générale Française; e Folio, from Gallimard. It investigates the materiality of the books, highlighting its formats, covers, pagination and pre and post-textual elements. In the light of the Histoire du livre and the Bibliography, editorial features are discussed in their historicity, pointing to the social and economic conditions that allowed their emergence and development in every time and country approached. In a comparative perspective, the achievements and shortcomings of Brazilian collections are discussed in comparison to the French model, with its oldest and consolidated collections. Thus, it is proposed to test two hypotheses: that the domestic market is experiencing a period of diversification, with titles that are not just the best-selling and / or classical literature; and, as occurred in Europe in the mid-twentieth century, the paperback collections have been conquered university readers. We conclude that although the Brazilian collections still do not have the same variety of French series and titles and not account for a significant share of book consumption in the country, they have expanded and resorted to measures and strategies similar to those adopted by the major collections from the set of countries we used as a reference.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:43:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Regina Santos de Oliveira Mello.pdf: 491735 bytes, checksum: 1801c5359315b674e9bf0bd662908e7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-23 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The purpose of this work is firstly to analyze the catalog called Videoteca Pedagógica developed by FDE (Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da Educação) during the period of time comprising years 1990 to 1994. The Catalog is destined to the public state grid teachers, in which it is inserted the Série Apontamentos as a suggestion to some films usually destined to the movie theaters and are currently available in VHS. Secondly, this work aims at presenting a new proposal for the catalog, taking into account the specific issues of the history teaching and challenges of the work inside a classroom. / O objetivo deste trabalho é, em primeiro lugar, analisar o catálogo intitulado Videoteca Pedagógica desenvolvido pela FDE (Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da Educação) no período de 1990 a 1994. O Catálogo é destinado aos professores da rede pública estadual no qual está inserida a Série Apontamentos que traz sugestões de filmes que se destinavam às salas de cinema e que foram disponibilizados em VHS. Em segundo lugar, apresentar uma nova proposta de catálogo, levando em consideração as especificidades do ensino de história e desafios do trabalho em sala de aula.

This paper examined a few different types of interacting galaxies and the implications the data has on cosmological theories. An analysis of the Holmberg Effect, Holmberg (1969)’s observation that companion galaxies tend to be near the poles of edge-on galaxies rather than in the planes, was done by reexamining the spirals viewed by Holmberg. Only using radial velocity confirmed companions to test for this effect showed that if anything, the opposite of the Holmberg effect is true. However, due to small number statistics, more edge-on spirals and their companions would have to be viewed in order to determine if this is an actual physical effect of anisotropic companion distribution around primary galaxies. It is important to discover if there is a preferred distribution, because it could point to the distribution of dark matter around the primary galaxies, and have interesting impacts on large-scale universal structure and cosmology theory.

This memo discusses and problematizes the work of organizing and cataloging the archive of the Environmental Advisory Council.The archive mainly consists of records concerning meetings which the Environmental Advisory Council has participated in, but also records concerning different tasks of the council and a few records concerning the coun-cil itself.The overriding problem, which is discussed in the final part of this memo, is the lacking knowledge about the creator of the archive and the creation of the archive itself and how this effects the work of ordering and catalog-ing. An attempt is made to evaluate the archive as a source of information to the Environmental Advisory Coun-cil and its work.This is a one year master’s thesis in Archival Science

The solution of initial value problems (IVPs) provides the evolution of dynamic system state history for given initial conditions. Solving boundary value problems (BVPs) requires finding the system behavior where elements of the states are defined at different times. This dissertation presents a unified framework that applies modified Chebyshev-Picard iteration (MCPI) methods for solving both IVPs and BVPs. Existing methods for solving IVPs and BVPs have not been very successful in exploiting parallel computation architectures. One important reason is that most of the integration methods implemented on parallel machines are only modified versions of forward integration approaches, which are typically poorly suited for parallel computation. The proposed MCPI methods are inherently parallel algorithms. Using Chebyshev polynomials, it is straightforward to distribute the computation of force functions and polynomial coefficients to different processors. Combining Chebyshev polynomials with Picard iteration, MCPI methods iteratively refine estimates of the solutions until the iteration converges. The developed vector-matrix form makes MCPI methods computationally efficient. The power of MCPI methods for solving IVPs is illustrated through a small perturbation from the sinusoid motion problem and satellite motion propagation problems. Compared with a Runge-Kutta 4-5 forward integration method implemented in MATLAB, MCPI methods generate solutions with better accuracy as well as orders of magnitude speedups, prior to parallel implementation. Modifying the algorithm to do double integration for second order systems, and using orthogonal polynomials to approximate position states lead to additional speedups. Finally, introducing perturbation motions relative to a reference motion results in further speedups. The advantages of using MCPI methods to solve BVPs are demonstrated by addressing the classical Lambert’s problem and an optimal trajectory design problem. MCPI methods generate solutions that satisfy both dynamic equation constraints and boundary conditions with high accuracy. Although the convergence of MCPI methods in solving BVPs is not guaranteed, using the proposed nonlinear transformations, linearization approach, or correction control methods enlarge the convergence domain. Parallel realization of MCPI methods is implemented using a graphics card that provides a parallel computation architecture. The benefit from the parallel implementation is demonstrated using several example problems. Larger speedups are achieved when either force functions become more complicated or higher order polynomials are used to approximate the solutions.

The Internet with growing electronic commerce is regarded as a new selling channel for retailers. Online catalog organization has become an important issue for e-tailing business development. While most online retailing web sites provide assistance for searchers who know exactly what they are seeking, little has been done to aid browsers who take a more open-minded and exploratory approach to navigation. Good design of online catalogs is essential for browsers to shop over the web. In this paper, we propose a two-phase approach to the design of online catalogs. In the first phase, the idea of category management that analyzes customers¡¦ purchasing behaviors is employed to construct a customer-centered online catalog. Cluster-based market segmentation helps determine the web hierarchy with clusters of products in higher levels indicating more interesting to customers. The second phase is to dynamically adjust the hierarchy when customers¡¦ preference indicated by browsing patterns is changed.'Relative access' that reflects the popularity of web pages is used as a basis to make online catalog adaptation. Finally, we apply this approach to real-world data collected at Galleze.com by Blue Martini Software. It shows that our approach can result in meaningful online catalog organization for customers to navigate. Our study therefore provides a good direction for researchers in designing online catalogs. Furthermore, e-tailing practitioners can apply our approach easily and gain benefits from such a design.

Die Gestaltung von nutzerfreundlichen Verkaufsverpackungen ist laut verschiedenen Studien durchgehend nicht optimal gewährleistet. Neben einer fehlenden Sensibilisierung der Verpackungshersteller für die Nutzerfreundlichkeit als Wettbewerbsfaktor, liegt dies vor allem an fehlenden Entwicklungsinstrumenten für die Praxis. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt das Vorgehen zur Entwicklung eines Richtlinien- und Prüfkataloges, mit dessen Anwendung der Weg zur Entwicklung nutzerfreundlicher Verkaufsverpackungen geebnet werden soll.

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As video game designers focus on immersive interactive stories, the number of game object interactions grows exponentially. Most games use manually-programmed scripts to control object interactions, although automated techniques for generating scripts from high-level specifications are being introduced. For example, ScriptEase provides designers with generative patterns that inject commonly-occurring interactions into games. ScriptEase patterns generate scripts for the game Neverwinter Nights. A kind of generative pattern, the quest pattern, generates scripting code controlling the plot in story-based games. I present my additions to the quest pattern architecture (meta quest points and abandonable subquests), a catalogue of quest patterns, and the results of two studies measuring their effectiveness. These studies show that quest patterns are easy-to-use, substantially reduce plot scripting errors, and their catalogue is highly-reusable between games. These studies demonstrate ScriptEase generative quest patterns are a desirable alternative to manual plot scripting in commercial, story-based games.

abstract: The Maricopa produce one of the most recognizable types of pottery made in Arizona. Since the late nineteenth century, the ware has been manufactured for sale, and a small number of individuals continue to produce the pottery today. Over the past forty years, the amount of pottery in museum and private collections has increased dramatically. Studying these new collections changes the way in which developments in the pottery are understood. Previous scholarship identified three phases of development, including a pottery revival in the late 1930s during which the involvement of government and museum personnel resulted in the improvement of the ware and a change in style. An analysis of expanded pottery collections shows that this period was not a revival, but rather part of a more gradual continuum. Hindsight shows that the activities of the 1930s served to publicize Maricopa potters, resulting in an increasingly collectible pottery. One collector, Adele Cheatham of Laveen, Arizona, compiled a collection that helps to shed light on developments in the 1960s and 1970s demonstrating that there were relationships between the potters' community and residents of Laveen. This indicates that for women in these settlements the manufacture and sale of Maricopa pottery was a common interest and created deeper bonds, some of which developed into close friendships. The eight different potters represented in the Cheatham Collection highlight a shift in generations within the potter community, showing the importance of teaching and family relationships in transmitting the knowledge of the craft to the next generation. These relationships have continued to change as the number of potters has dwindled, and instruction of the craft has transitioned from one that was learned in a home setting to one that is increasingly introduced in a classroom. At the same time, this historically female associated craft has shifted to one where men are actively producing pottery. Changes in teaching style, the people producing the pottery and decorative techniques indicate that Maricopa pottery is an art in transition. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. History 2010