Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:51:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogy Frigeri Tiburtino.pdf: 2019191 bytes, checksum: f24d12f3e524dbd74d3ca9ac18abb3af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-06 / Por causa do alto custo para obter um produto de madeira proveniente de uma espécie arbórea nativa no Brasil, o uso de materiais alternativos, que seja de fontes renováveis e que possa substituir estas espécies vem ganhando espaço no mercado nacional, e o bambu se destaca nesse novo cenário. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade e a eficiência do tratamento preservativo de duas espécies de bambu (Dendrocalamus giganteus e Bambusa vulgaris) pelo emprego de três métodos de tratamento: transpiração (diafragma íntegro e diafragma rompido), imersão prolongada e Boucherie modificado. Para tanto, foram coletadas hastes de touceiras do sul do Estado do Espírito Santo. As hastes foram transformadas em colmos de 2,0 m de comprimento e tratadas em solução de 1 e 3% de ingredientes ativos (i.a.) do produto comercial MOQ OX 50 , à base de cobre, cromo e boro (CCB). Nos métodos por transpiração e imersão prolongada os colmos foram expostos nas soluções por períodos de 5, 10 e 15 dias, já no método de Boucherie modificado não houve divisão do tratamento entre os tempos. O período entre o corte e o tratamento foi inferior a 24 h. Foi avaliada a qualidade do tratamento por meio da penetração do CCB em três posições nos colmos; 0,5 m (base), 1,0 m (meio) e 1,90 m (topo) e pela retenção de i.a. na posição da base. A eficiência dos tratamentos foi analisada por meio da resistência dos bambus tratados aos ensaios com os fungos (Postia placenta e Polyporus fumosus), com o térmita subterrâneo (Nasutiternes sp.) e com coleópteros (Dinoderus minutus). A partir dos resultados obtidos foi observado que, em média, houve uma maior penetração de i.a. na base dos colmos, que a retenção foi abaixo da recomendada pelas normas brasileiras para madeira, e para ambas as espécies de bambu tratadas a perda de massa quando submetidos ao ataque dos fungos, cupim e coleópteros foi baixa. Dentre os tratamentos, a aplicação do método de transpiração com o diafragma rompido em concentração de 3% de i.a. e com duração de 15 dias conferiu, para as duas espécies, as maiores médias de penetração e retenção, bem como menores valores de perda de massa nos ensaios biológicos / Because the high cost to get a wood product coming from a native tree species in Brazil, the use of alternative materials that come from renewable sources that can replace these species has been gaining ground in the domestic market, and bamboo stands in this new scenario. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and efficiency of the preservative treatment of two species of bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus giganteus) by employing three methods of treatment; transpiration (diaphragm intact and ruptured diaphragm), long-term immersion and modified Boucherie. To this end, were collected clumps of stems of southern State of Espírito Santo. Stems were transformed into culms of 2 meters long, solution treated at 1 and 3% active ingredient (a.i.) of the commercial product MOQ OX 50 , based on copper, chromium and boron (CCB). For transpiration and long-term immersion methods the culms were exposed to the solutions for periods of 5, 10 and 15 days, Boucherie now modified method of treatment there was no division between times. The period between cutting and treatment was less than 24 h. It was evaluated the quality of the treatment by penetration of the CCB at three positions in stems, 0,5 m (bottom), 1,0 m (middle) and 1,90 m (top) and the retention of a.i. the bottom region. The efficiency of the treatments was analyzed by resistance of bamboos treated with the test fungi (Postia placenta and Polyporus fumosus), with the subterranean termite (Nasutiternes sp.) and coleopteran (Dinoderus minutus). From the results it was observed that, on average, there was a higher penetration of the a.i. at the bottom region of the stems, retention was lower than recommended by Brazilian standards, and both species of bamboo treated showed low mass loss when subjected to the attack of fungi, termites and beetles. Among the treatments, of transpiration with the diaphragm ruptured at 3% concentration of a.i. and time of 15 days gave, for both species, shows the higher average penetration and retention as well as lower values of weight loss in biological tests

這篇論文討論關於中國銀行部門國際化及競爭力的問題 共有三個問題: 1.國際化如何存於中國銀行體系 2.國際化是否成功地促進中國銀行的競爭力 3.如果有競爭力化下,中國銀行會變得如何? / This paper addresses the questions related to the internationalization of China’s banking sector and implications for the competitiveness in China’s banking sector: 1) How did internationalization exist in China’s banking sector? 2) Did internationalization successfully create the competitiveness in China’s banking sector? 3) With such phenomenon, what will be the implications towards China’s banking sector? Therefore, this paper first will propose a framework for recognizing the internationalization in the China’s banking sector by comparing the banking sector in China before and after its WTO entry. Secondly, it will examine the competitiveness in China’s banking sector by analyzing the four indicators: 1) financial liberalization, 2) technological progress, 3) rating by international rating agency, and 4) Economic Growth. Also this paper will examine the competitiveness of two major commercial banks: Bank of China (BOC) and China Construction Bank (CCB) as a case study by analyzing the three indicators. They are: 1) profitability, 2) non-performing loans ratio, and 3) expansion. Finally, this paper will discuss the prospects and challenges in China’s banking sector.

Aluminum Cross-Car Beam is significantly lighter than the conventional steel counterpart and presents superior energy absorption characteristics. The challenge is however, its considerably higher cost, rendering it difficult for the aluminum one to compete in the automotive market. In this work, using material distribution techniques and stochastic optimization, a Multidisciplinary Design Optimization procedure is developed to optimize an existing Cross-Car Beam model with respect to the cost. Topology, Topography, and gauge optimizations are employed in the development of the optimization disciplines. Based on a qualitative cost assessment, penalty functions are designed to penalize costly designs. Noise-Vibration-Harshness (NVH) performance is the key constraint of the optimization. To fulfill this requirement, natural frequencies are obtained using modal analysis. Undesirable designs with respect to the NVH criteria are gradually eliminated from the optimization cycles. The new design is verified by static loading scenario and evaluated in terms of the cost saving it offers.

Aluminum Cross-Car Beam is significantly lighter than the conventional steel counterpart and presents superior energy absorption characteristics. The challenge is however, its considerably higher cost, rendering it difficult for the aluminum one to compete in the automotive market. In this work, using material distribution techniques and stochastic optimization, a Multidisciplinary Design Optimization procedure is developed to optimize an existing Cross-Car Beam model with respect to the cost. Topology, Topography, and gauge optimizations are employed in the development of the optimization disciplines. Based on a qualitative cost assessment, penalty functions are designed to penalize costly designs. Noise-Vibration-Harshness (NVH) performance is the key constraint of the optimization. To fulfill this requirement, natural frequencies are obtained using modal analysis. Undesirable designs with respect to the NVH criteria are gradually eliminated from the optimization cycles. The new design is verified by static loading scenario and evaluated in terms of the cost saving it offers.

For many years, community colleges that chose to offer community college baccalaureate (CCB) programs were looked upon in a negative light (Rice, 2015). However, as the need for specialized baccalaureates within specific fields and job markets have continued to grow (McKee, 2005), CCB programs are becoming more widely accepted throughout the United States. In spite of this paradigm shift, Mississippi is one of the remaining states that have not embraced the idea of CCB programs, in spite of its statistical deficiency in regards to baccalaureate degree holding citizens (Williams, 2010). The focus of this study was to explore the perceptions of community college administrators in Mississippi with regards to the influence of CCB programs to the community college mission of institutions in their state. This study indicates that administrators in Mississippi recognize the benefits of offering CCB programs, but do not want CCB programs to take away from the well-established statewide higher education system through mission creep. Many of the strong position statements received overwhelmingly neutral responses. In contrast, Administrators who chose to give their opinion indicated that they are not familiar with how CCB programs are implemented, and do not believe that Mississippi is ready for CCB programs across the state. However, respondents felt that the community college mission is always evolving, should meet students’ needs, and varies from location to location. The findings also show that administrators are favorable to the piloting of CCB programs at a few (1-2) institutions, even though they believe the programs will take funding away from current programs and do not want community colleges evolving into 4-year institutions. The study also concludes that there is a significant difference between institution size and survey questions #18 and #20. There is also a significant difference between length of time in the community college sector and survey questions #15, #17, and #18.

The use of cement in the building industry accounts for a large part of the world's CO2-emissions. In the developing part of the world where materials are costly and labour is cheap, cement is expensive. In Nepal, a country which is frequently hit by earthquakes, low-cement-content building blocks are already being made and research on how to reduce the cement content further is currently going on. The manufacturing process for these blocks varies significantly, so a method to predict block strength easily and implement cost-effective quality control could substantially enhance production quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate how to predict the strength of building blocks using the water content, cement content and bulk density. Additionally, it examines whether bulk density could serve as a reliable indicator of strength, which could simplify quality control by allowing blocks to be weighed. This, together with an evaluation of the production site performance, is used to calculate the theoretical improvement potential and a proposed cement reduction. Through experiments, the compressive strength was measured for blocks of mixes with different cement percentages under various water content conditions, resulting in blocks with differing bulk densities. This data was used to create a model that predicts the compressive strength. Field visits to five sites were conducted to evaluate the current performance and this data was used to calculate the improvement potential. The results show the importance of water for the workability of the mix and in turn the compressive strength of the blocks. More water and more material into the mold lead to an increase in the strength and the theoretical improvement potential for cement reduction is 50\% by only these measures. The bulk density is a promising indicator of the compaction and compressive strength and weighing the blocks at creation could potentially reduce the variability in the strength of the blocks.