Credit Line Analysis plays a very important role in the housing market, especially with the situation of large number of frozen loans during the current financial crisis. In this thesis, we apply the methods of kernel estimate and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve in the credit loan application process in order to help banks select the optimal threshold to differentiate good customers from bad customers. Better choice of the threshold is essential for banks to prevent loss and maximize profit from loans. One of the main advantages of our study is that the method does not require us to specify the distribution of the latent risk score. We apply bootstrap method to construct the confidence interval for the estimate.

This study aims to establish the effectiveness and sustainability of Kenya‟s Constituency Development Fund as a fiscal decentralized initiative aimed at poverty reduction. The study focuses on the contribution of CDF on education and how this has brought about changes related to increased access to education, better education facilities and improved performance. The study also seeks to highlight prime factors such as participation in decision making as necessary for the implementation of the CDF, while also highlighting those factors that hinder the effective and sustainable implementation of the program.

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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / This study aims to establish the effectiveness and sustainability of Kenya's Constituency Development Fund as a fiscal decentralized initiative aimed at poverty reduction. The study focuses on the contribution of CDF on education and how this has brought about changes related to increased access to education, better education facilities and improved performance. The study also seeks to highlight prime factors such as participation in decision making as necessary for the implementation of the CDF, while also highlighting those factors that hinder the effective and sustainable implementation of the program. / South Africa

This paper is a first attempt to empirically evaluate some competing hypotheses for the Austrian growth performance. We find that the real appreciations, gross investment, a low duration of unemployment and high youth employment exhibit a significant influence on economic growth. This validates the hard currency policy hypothesis, the macroeconomic management hypothesis, and the microinstitutions hypothesis, whilst all other fail according to this exercise. In particular, we find the Schulmeister-thesis of loose money and the deficit spending hypothesis are even counterfactual. Summarizing, we find that economic policy had its share in promoting growth in the Austrian economy. As a byproduct from our analysis, we find that low levels of unemployment have a significant and positive impact on the growth rate of real GDP, which calls for further theoretical research in this direction. (author's abstract) / Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"

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La pénurie de charbon a constitué une des préoccupations incessantes de la politique énergétique à partir des années trente en France. Dès la Libération, ce problème a conduit le gouvernement à adopter le programme de modernisation du charbonnage. Vers le début des années cinquante, la pénurie absolue en charbon a été endiguée. Dans le même temps, l'ouverture de la CECA a fourni davantage de facilités aux Français pour importer les charbons. Toutefois, le choix du gouvernement a plutôt consisté à accélérer le programme de renforcement de la production de charbon en vue de satisfaire les besoins le plus possible grâce à sa propre production dans une période où le pays souffrait d'une aggravation de la situation de la balance des comptes commerciaux. Cette politique s'est basée sur des hypothèses prévoyant une progression continuelle des besoins en charbon et que les mines françaises se trouvaient en mesure d'améliorer suffisamment leur compétitivité pour concurrencer leurs homologues étrangères. Cependant, ces hypothèses n'ont pas été confirmées par les faits. La crise du charbon de 1958 a provoqué un gonflement des stocks qui a obligé le gouvernement à annoncer le Plan Jeanneney. Le gouvernement a essayé par ailleurs de résoudre le problème de l'accumulation des stocks. Cet effort s'est concrétisé par la conclusion d'un contrat entre l'EDF et les CDF en 1965 par suite de l'intervention des pouvoirs publics. Ces derniers ont contraint l'EDF à accepter tous les charbons proposés par les CDF. L'EDF devait ainsi supporter les charges résultant de la politique d'accroissement de la production charbonnière menée par le gouvernement selon des prévisions erronées. / One of the most urgent tasks for French economy after Libération was to increase coal production. French government nationalized coal industry in 1946 and decided to increase coal production in the framework of Monnet Plan by concentrating financial and material resource to coal industry. France succeeded in increasing coal production according to Monnet Plan by the early 50's. The government estimated that national demand for coal would increase constantly through 50's and 60's. On the other hand, France had easier access to coal importation than before in 1952 with the institution of ECSC. However, French government decided to continue to increase national coal production in order to meet national demand for coal by its own production, and in order not to deteriorate current account. But in fact, national demand for coal did not increased as the government estimated. Coal crisis in 1958 forced the government to revise coal production programme to reduce national coal output. Meanwhile, French government made efforts to secure outlets of national coal. These efforts were concretized by the conclusion of contract between Électricité de France (EDF) et Charbonnages de France (CDF). By this contract, EDF was obliged to receive all quantity of national coal that CDF hoped to sell to electric sector. Thus, electric sector had to pay the price for coal policy that the government drew up according to the wrong estimation of national demand for coal.

This work deals with an origin of the harmonic currents, their classification into symmetrical components and their influence on neutral conductor in distribution systems. It analyses the heat strain increase in distribution cables and distortion of supply tension in consequence of harmonic zero component flows in distribution system and it provides possibilities of neutral conductor overload and break-in protection.