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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Utfordringer knyttet til sosial samhandling hos barn med cerebral synshemning : En kvalitativ undersøkelse om hvorvidt spesielle særtrekk ved CVI kan komplisere sosial samhandling med jevnaldrende

Movik, Sissel January 2012 (has links)
Denne masteroppgaven fokuserer på særtrekk eller vanskeområder ved CVI som kan komplisere sosial samhandling med jevnaldrende. Utgangspunktet for undersøkelsen har vært en antagelse om at noen særtrekk som kan vise seg ved CVI, kan komplisere sosial samhandling med jevnaldrende. Undersøkelser viser at blinde og svaksynte kan ha utfordringer knyttet til sosial samhandling, og at de ofte føler seg sosialt isolerte (McAlpine & Moore, 1995; Huurre & Aro, 1998; Huurre & Komulainen, 1999). Kanskje er det også slik for barn med CVI? Mestring av sosial samhandling er viktig for å bli bedre sosialt integrert, og for å få anledning til å tilegne seg sosial kompetanse. God sosial kompetanse og skolefaglige prestasjoner henger sammen (Utdanningsdirektoratet udatert, a). Det er derfor viktig at elevene trives og kjenner seg sosialt integrert i klassen og på skolen. Masteroppgaven tar utgangspunkt i en kvalitativ undersøkelse, hvor lærere og foreldre til tre barn med CVI er intervjuet om barnas utfordringer knyttet til sosial samhandling. Datainnsamlingen er gjort gjennom semistrukturerte intervjuer våren 2012. Intervjuene ble tatt opp som lydfiler, og er i etterkant transkribert fra lydfiler til tekst. Gjennom undersøkelsen kommer det frem at alle tre barna har utfordringer knyttet til sosial samhandling, dog i ulik grad. De har vansker med identifikasjon av kjente, med tolkning av ansiktsuttrykk og non-verbal kommunikasjon, samt orienteringsvansker. Det er sannsynlig at dette bidrar til å gjøre samhandling med andre vanskelig. Det er imidlertid umulig å si at det er disse særtrekkene ved CVI alene som forårsaker samhandlingsvanskene foreldre og lærere rapporterer om, men det er ikke usannsynlig at trekkene kompliserer samhandling med andre mennesker. Den store utfordringen er å finne ut hva vi skal gjøre for å tilrettelegge godt for denne gruppen barn, og ikke minst hvem som har ansvaret for å gi dem den hjelpen de trenger.
2

Reading acquisition in pupils with visual impairments in mainstream education

Fellenius, Kerstin January 1999 (has links)
This thesis is based on five empirical studies of pupils with visual impairments, their reading ability and processes of reading acquisition within the framework of mainstream education in comprehensive schools. The aim of the thesis is to increase our understanding and knowledge of reading acquisition in pupils with visual impairments in mainstream education. A further aim is to find factors, which influence reading acquisition from an individual, as well as an environmental, perspective. Developmental theories regarding the individuals' possibilities to acquire an optimal development in interaction with their environment offer a theoretical framework for the thesis. Different research designs, descriptive and explorative, have been used to fulfil the purpose. The studies have revealed a heterogeneous group of readers with visual impairments bearing in mind functional visual ability, reading media (print and braille) and reading ability. As a result of these studies, it was possible to divide the readers into three groups with regard to reading performance. About one quarter of the population was average or high achievers, another quarter extremely low achievers, irrespective of visual acuity, reading media or reading devices. In most cases, additional impairments, intellectual impairment or language problems caused low achievement. The largest group, about half of the population, consisted of readers who were able to read but demonstrated difficulties in other ways. Visual acuity and reading media varied greatly in this group. There were uncertain readers, readers with low reading rate but good comprehension, readers with less stamina and readers who did not use their reading ability except for schoolwork. The pupils were well equipped with optical devices, lighting and special desks but seldom used the facilities for reading. In general, the pupils with visual impairments read less compared with their sighted peers. Nor were they exposed to text in natural situations in society, which decrease their incidental reading training. Consequently, a large group of readers with visual impairments need an adapted reading program in order to stimulate reading from the start and to use their potential ability. Competence in the school and home environment is necessary for compensating lack of training and preventing the visual impairment being the reason for reading difficulties. Reading disabilities due to biological factors were significant for a smaller group. Visual impairment as a reading handicap is, in this thesis, identified when a person, able to read, does not have access to the text in an appropriate reading medium or format, reading and writing tools are missing or reading must be performed in a badly adapted environment. Increased knowledge and effective environmental measures could reduce a reading handicap caused by a visual impairment for a larger group of children and young people. / <p>Härtill 5 uppsatser. Endast sammanfattning s. 1-93 i fulltext.</p><p></p>
3

Allt flyter ihop : En studie om att underlätta för barn med CVI (hjärnsynskada) att orientera sig i klassrummet / : A study to facilitate children with CVI (cerebral visual impairment) to orient themselves in the classroom

Jakobsson, Lina January 2013 (has links)
Den här rapporten har tagits fram med stöd av bland annat Specialpedagogiska skolmyndigheten, SPSM, Resurscenter syn i Stockholm. Ett examensarbete där jag fördjupat mig i rummet som informationsbärare. Målet med studien har varit att ta fram en gestaltning som baseras på riktlinjer för hur ett modernt grundskoleklassrum kan utformas för att stödja orienteringen för barn med syntolkningssvårigheter. Detta för att möjliggöra en ökad tillgänglighet för målgruppen i den fysiska miljön, vilket i sin tur kan bidra till målgruppens självständighet och trygghet i skolan med förhoppning om ökad kunskapsutveckling. Lärandemiljön i ett klassrum för årskurs två i en av Stockholms nyare skolor har studerats för att ta reda på i hur stor utsträckning man idag tar hänsyn till barn med synnedsättning i framtagandet av nya skolor. För att nå målet har jag utgått från teorier och litteratur kring bland annat CVI, perception, orientering/wayfinding, färg och kontrast. Samtidigt har empiriska studier i form av kvalitativa intervjuer, observationer och analyser utförts. Resultatet av teori och empiri har visat att de viktigaste faktorerna för att skapa en funktionell miljö för barn med syntolkningssvårigheter är organiserad stabilitet, anpassningsbarhet och enkelhet. Bearbetning av dessa faktorer har resulterat i ett gestaltningsförslag som visar på att det finns goda förutsättningar att med hjälp av rumsliga element underlätta för barn med CVI att orientera sig i klassrummet. / This report is a degree project with the aim to increase the knowledge of the space as an information holder and have been developed with the support from National Agency for Special Needs Education and Schools (SPSM in Swedish) in Stockholm. The aim of the study was to develop a design proposal with guidelines for how a modern primary school classroom can be designed to support the orientation for children with visual interpretation difficulties. This is to increase access for the target group in the physical environment, which in turn can increase independence and safety at school with the hope of better learning. To find out how one today regards children with visual impairment learning environment in the development of new schools, a classroom have been studied in one of Stockholm's newer primary schools. To reach the goal, theories and literature on topics such as CVI, perception, orientation/wayfinding, colour and contrast was studied. Meanwhile, empirical studies in the form of interviews, observations, and analyzes was performed. The results of theory and empirical data have shown that the most important factors to create a functional environment for children with visual interpretation difficulties are organized stability, adaptability and simplicity. Processing of these factors has resulted in a design proposal, which shows that there are good prospects for using spatial elements to make it easier for children with CVI to orient themselves in the classroom.

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