Objective: Describe the prevalence of HPV genotypes via PCR and DNA sequencing in 397 women who attended to the gynecological outpatient center in the Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca from March to September 2017. Results: A positive PCR result for HPV was observed in 121 cervical samples. A high-risk genotype was found in 63.6% (77/121) of patients, a probably oncogenic type in 23.1% (28/121) and a low-risk type in 7.4%. Among the high-risk genotypes, HPV-31 was the most common one present in 20% (21/77), followed by HPV-16 in 11.4% (12/77). Coinfections between two or more genotypes were observed in 12 cases. / This work was supported by 4th research incentive of the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (Grant: UPC‑EXP‑02‑2017). Lima, Peru. / Revisión por pares

CAVALCANTE, José Roosivelt. Imunoexpressão da caderina-E nas cervicites, nas lesões intraepiteliais escamosas e no carcinoma invasor do colo uterino. 2013. 77 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Patologia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2013. / Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2013-11-13T16:09:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jrcavalcante.pdf: 3451433 bytes, checksum: d441e08824737aebfc4daaae6b202f97 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by denise santos(denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2013-11-13T16:11:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jrcavalcante.pdf: 3451433 bytes, checksum: d441e08824737aebfc4daaae6b202f97 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-13T16:11:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jrcavalcante.pdf: 3451433 bytes, checksum: d441e08824737aebfc4daaae6b202f97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Cervical cancer is one of the most important public health problems around the world. About 17.540 new cases are expected, in Brazil, for 2013. Actually, it’s believed that the majority of cervical cancers begin with non invasive dysplastic lesions, the cervical intraepithelial neoplasias. The acquisition of invasive properties, in epithelial malignancies, is associated to the disruption of intercellular adhesions. The adhesion molecules play a pivotal role in these intercellular bindings and E-cadherin is considered one of the most important among them. In normal epithelial tissues its presence in cell membrane is recognized and it was shown that a down regulation of these proteins in the majority of solid tumors may contribute to facilitate the invasive process. The aim, of this research, was to investigate the E-cadherin immunoexpression in cervicitis, in SILs and in the invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix. Samples specimens consisted of 83 cases of uterine cervical biopsies and conizations retrieved from the Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine files of the Federal University of Ceará (Brazil) in 2007 and 2010, distributed, by diagnostic, as follows: Cervicitis = 8 cases; Low Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) = 24 cases; High Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) = 28 cases; and Invasive Carcinoma = 23 cases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed with the anti-E-cadherin monoclonal antibody and it was considered positive the membranar expression, and, negative, the absence of membranar expression. The Fisher’s exact test was the choice for the contingency tables calculations. The immunostaining results were: Cervicitis = (12%) negative and 7/8 (88%) positive cases to E-cadherin; LSILs = 7/24 (29%) negative cases and 17/24 (71%) positive; HSILs = 7/28 (25%) negative and 21/28 (75%) positive; Invasive Carcinoma = 19/23 (83%) negative and 4/23 (17%) positive. The negative expression was much more frequent in SILs (27%) when compared to cervicitis (12%), although no significant difference (p = 0,6657). In SILs, a bigger E-cadherin loss was noted in undifferentiated cells at the basal third of epithelial thickness. Finally it was shown that the absence of E-cadherin membranar expression was much more frequent in the uterine cervix invasive carcinoma when compared to LSILs and HSILs. These data showed the E-cadherin importance in cervical carcinogenesis, nonetheless, several aspects remain without explication and new researches are to be performed. / O câncer do colo do útero é um dos mais preocupantes problemas de saúde pública do planeta. São esperados para 2013, no Brasil, 17.540 casos novos. Acredita-se atualmente que a maior parte dos cânceres cervicais se desenvolve a partir das neoplasias intraepiteliais cervicais. A aquisição de propriedades invasivas dos tumores malignos está associada ao desequilíbrio nas adesões intercelulares. As moléculas de adesão têm papel fundamental nestas uniões e a caderina-E é uma das mais importantes. Está comprovada a sua presença na membrana celular de tecidos epiteliais normais e foi demonstrado que esta proteína tem sua expressão diminuída na maioria dos tumores sólidos, o que favorece o processo de invasão. O objetivo, neste estudo, foi investigar a imunoexpressão da caderina-E nas Cervicites, nas Lesões Intraepiteliais Escamosas (LIE) e no Carcinoma Invasivo do colo uterino. A amostra consistiu de 83 casos de biópsias e cones de colo do útero obtidos dos arquivos do Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal da Universidade Federal do Ceará, em 2007 e 2010, com os seguintes diagnósticos: Cervicite = 8 casos; Lesão Intraepitelial Escamosa de Baixo Grau (LIEBG) = 24 casos; Lesão Intraepitelial Escamosa de Alto Grau (LIEAG) = 28 casos; Carcinoma Invasor = 23 casos. A imunohistoquímica (IHQ) foi efetuada com o anticorpo monoclonal anti-caderina-E, tendo sido considerada positiva a presença de expressão membranar, e negativa, a ausência de expressão. O teste exato de Fisher foi utilizado para os cálculos das tabelas de contingencias. Os resultados da imunomarcação foram: Cervicites = 1/8 (12%) negativos e 7/8 (88%) casos positivos para caderina-E; LIEBG = 7/24 (29%) casos negativos e 17/24 (71%) positivos; LIEAG = 7/28 (25%) negativos e 21/28 (75%) positivos; Carcinoma Invasor = 19/23 (83%) negativos e 4/23 (17%) positivos. A expressão negativa foi muito mais frequente nas LIEs (27%), comparadas com as Cervicites (12%) apesar de diferença não significante (p = 0,6657). Nas LIEs, uma maior perda da caderina-E foi notada nas células menos diferenciadas do 1/3 basal da espessura epitelial. Finalmente, observou-se que a ausência de expressão membranar da caderina-E foi muito mais frequente no carcinoma epidermóide invasor do que nas lesões intraepiteliais escamosas do colo do útero. Estes dados mostraram a importância da caderina-E na carcinogênese do colo uterino, no entanto, muitos aspectos permanecem sem explicação e novos estudos são necessários.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas. CIPHARMA, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. / Submitted by Oliveira Flávia (flavia@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2015-05-08T19:33:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_PolimorfismoGeneEnzima.pdf: 1301394 bytes, checksum: d3c4c2a2e4593d496918d632c418d5b5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gracilene Carvalho (gracilene@sisbin.ufop.br) on 2015-05-12T13:22:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_PolimorfismoGeneEnzima.pdf: 1301394 bytes, checksum: d3c4c2a2e4593d496918d632c418d5b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-12T13:31:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22190 bytes, checksum: 19e8a2b57ef43c09f4d7071d2153c97d (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_PolimorfismoGeneEnzima.pdf: 1301394 bytes, checksum: d3c4c2a2e4593d496918d632c418d5b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / A Metilenotetrahidrofolato Redutase (MTHFR) é uma enzima que atua no metabolismo do folato e polimorfismos em seu gene vêm sendo associados de maneira controversa ao desenvolvimento do câncer cervical. Esta neoplasia, causada principalmente pela infecção persistente pelo Papilomavírus Humano (HPV), possui altas taxas de prevalência e mortalidade na população feminina. Neste trabalho, a pesquisa de HPV nas amostras histológicas foi realizada por Imunohistoquímica e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) com os iniciadores SPF e GP5+/GP6+. O polimorfismo C677T no gene da enzima MTHFR foi analisado por PCR seguida de digestão enzimática (RFLP) utilizando eletroforese em gel de agarose, em gel de poliacrilamida e eletroforese capilar. Após a definição da metodologia mais adequada para a detecção viral e a avaliação desse polimorfismo no material parafinado, as análises foram realizadas em 240 amostras, sendo 120 do grupo controle e 120 casos. A frequência dos genótipos da MTHFR na amostragem foi de 64% CC, 31% CT e 5% TT. Associação estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada entre o polimorfismo C677T da MTHFR e a presença de lesões intraepiteliais cervicais/carcinoma epidermoide invasor, sendo que o alelo T foi observado em 33,1% do grupo controle e em apenas 21,6% dos casos (p=0,023). A avaliação de risco (Odds ratio – OR) sugeriu que a presença do alelo polimórfico pode agir com um fator de proteção para lesões cervicais (OR: 0,557; IC95% 0,355- 0,925; p=0,024). Resultados similares foram encontrados no grupo com faixa etária superior a 30 anos. Por outro lado, não foi observada associação estatisticamente significativa entre a infecção viral e o polimorfismo C677T da MTHFR. Assim, pode-se concluir que mulheres com o polimorfismo C677T no gene da MTHFR possuem um risco menor de apresentarem lesões préneoplásicas e neoplásicas da cérvice uterina. _____________________________________________________________________________________ / ABSTRACT: The Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) is an enzyme that acts in folate metabolism and gene polymorphisms have been associated in a controversial way to the development of cervical cancer. This neoplasia, mainly caused by persistent infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV), has high prevalence and mortality rates in the female population. In this work, the detection of HPV in histological samples was performed by Immunohistochemistry and PCR with primers SPF and GP5+/GP6+. The C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene was analyzed by PCR/RFLP using electrophoresis in agarose gel, polyacrylamide gel and capillary electrophoresis. After defining the most appropriate methodology for viral detection and evaluation of this polymorphism in paraffin material, the analyses were performed with 240 samples, 120 in the control group and 120 cases. The frequency of MTHFR genotypes in the sample was 64% CC, 31% CT and 5% TT. Statistically significant association was found between MTHFR polymorphism and the presence of cervical intraepithelial lesions/invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and the T allele was observed in 33.1% of the control group and only 21.6% of cases (p =0.023). Risk assessment (Odds Ratio - OR) suggested that the presence of polymorphic allele may act with a protective factor for cervical lesions (OR: 0,557; IC95% 0,355-0,925; p=0,024). Similar results were observed in the group over 30 years old. However, there was no statistically significant association between viral infection and the C677T MTHFR polymorphism. Thus, it can be concluded that women with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism have a lower risk of developing neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix.

Orientador: Christiane Pienna Soares / Banca: Luis Octávio Regasini / Banca: Denise Crispim Tavares / Resumo: Atualmente, o câncer cervical é considerado a segunda causa mais comum entre as mulheres e encontra-se associado ao Papilomavírus Humano (HPV), que infecta células epiteliais escamosas, dando origem a grandes lesões. A nitensidina A é um alcalóide guanidínico isolado de Pterogyne nitens Tul. (Fabaceae), que possui atividade anti-inflamatória e anti-oxidante, além de um amplo aspecto de atividades biológicas que está sendo estudado. Foi testada nas concentrações de 20,0 a 0,25 µg/mL (diluição seriada 1:3) e nos tempos de 24 h e 48 h nas linhagens imortalizadas com HPV-16 (SiHa) e não imortalizadas (C33A). Para avaliar a citotoxicidade da nitensidina A o teste MTT foi realizado sendo possível observar um efeito concentração-resposta em duas linhagens testadas (SiHa e C33A, CI50 = 10,31 µg/mL e 11,91 µg/mL, respectivamente) por 24 h. Com o intuito de avaliar o potencial efeito indutor de apoptose, foi realizado o ensaio de anexina V por citometria de fluxo. Em ambas as linhagens e tempos de tratamento notaram-se uma morte mais relevante por apoptose precoce, sendo que há diferença apenas na maior concentração (20,0 g/mL) na linhagem SiHa, que também induz morte por apoptose tardia/necrose. Para completar esse ensaio foi realizado o teste do Hoechst-iodeto de Propídeo, diferenciando assim apoptose precoce, tardia e necrose. Na linhagem SiHa tratada por 24 h nas menores concentrações houve morte celular por apoptose precoce, e na maior concentração por apoptose tardia (81,4±1,4 %). Por 48 h, em todas as concentrações a morte celular foi por apoptose tardia. Na linhagem C33A em 24 h não foi observado morte celular significativa. Em 48 h, a maior concentração induziu apoptose tardia (57,7±20,6 %). O modelo de estudo de implante tumoral xenográfico de células SiHa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Currently, cervical cancer has been considered the second most common among women and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) which infects squamous epithelial cells, resulting in major injuries. Nitensidine A is a guanidine alkaloid isolated from Pterogyne nitens Tul. (Fabaceae), which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, as well as a broad spectrum of biological activities being studied. It was tested at concentrations from 20.0 to 0.25 mg/mL (serial dilution 1:3) and for 24 h and 48 h in immortalized with HPV-16 (SiHa) and non-immortalized (C33A) cell lines. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of nitensidine A MTT test was performed and it was possible to observe a concentration-response effect in two tested lines (SiHa and C33A, IC50 = 10.31 mg/mL and 11.91 mg/mL, respectively) for 24 h. In order to assess the potential effect of inducing apoptosis, we performed the annexin V assay by flow cytometry. In both strains and treatment times were noted a death most significant by early apoptosis, and a difference only at highest concentration (20.0 mg/mL) in SiHa, which also induces death by late apoptosis / necrosis. To complete this test, it was performed the Hoechst-propidium iodide assay, thereby differentiating early, late apoptosis and necrosis. In SiHa treated for 24 h at lower concentrations there was cell death by early apoptosis, and late apoptosis at highest concentration (81.4 ± 1.4%). For 48 h at all concentrations cell death was by late apoptosis. In C33A at 24 h was not observed significant cell death. At 48 h, the highest concentration induced late apoptosis (57.7 ± 20.6 %). The study model of xenographic tumor implant of SiHa cells in nude mice BALB/c treated with nitensidine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

A dissertation proposal presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1999. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and reliability of motion palpation as a post-adjustive diagnostic tool in the evaluation of the cervical spine. This study attempts to assess motion palpation's ability to determine change in a motion segment fixation following manipulation / M

A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine. / Introduction: The use of cervical cerclage in twin pregnancies is a controversial topic in Obstetrics and Gynecology. It’s use is currently not recommended due to no perceived benefit and potential harm, however recent studies indicate that cerclage may be beneficial.Conclusion: The use of cerclage in twin pregnancies complicated by a TVUS cervical length of 2.0 cm or less prolonged the latency period between diagnosis of short cervix and delivery by 31 days. This data is consistent with other retrospective reviews and indicates the need for a multicenter, prospective randomized control trial.

This is the first systematic large-scale study of lesbian health that has been conducted in the U.K. Its purpose is to provide data about lesbians' breast and cervical screening behaviour and experiences of health care. Comparable studies in the U.S.A. suggest that lesbians do not attend for routine screening tests and are less likely, than heterosexual women, to practise breast self examination. A questionnaire (the Lesbians and Health Care Survey) was distributed to 1066 lesbians in the UK. Four follow-up focus groups (n = 30) were used to explore some of the issues arising from the survey. The major quantitative survey findings include: 12 per cent of lesbians have never attended for a cervical smear; 20 per cent have never practised BSE, and only 11 per cent attend for a mammogram every three years. The qualitative survey data were content analysed in order to identify the reasons given by lesbians for their healthcare behaviour. In the follow-up focus groups, breast health is taken as a case study. This thesis contributes to defining a lesbian feminist health agenda by its valuing of lesbians' own perspectives; by providing alternative conceptions of lesbians' health that do not rely on biomedical, disease models; and it locates lesbians' health experiences within a socio-political framework. By providing a range of data about-lesbians' health, the findings may help to inform the understanding of health providers about lesbians' health needs, improve the practice of health care delivery for lesbians and be of value to lesbians in making decisions about their health care behaviour.

D.Litt et Phil. / Cervical cancer has debilitating symptoms that affect the physical, emotional, social and spiritual dimensions of self-schema. This study adopted a qualitative method to explore the experiences of women living with the disease and focused on self-perceptions. Purposive sampling was used to select 16 women undergoing follow-up treatment for cervical cancer. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed through thematic analysis. The main themes included physical symptoms, sexual intimacy, family obligations, support and coping, effects of treatment, illness schemas, disclosure and spirituality. The findings indicate the impact of cervical cancer on women’s self-schema and a need for a holistic intervention to manage the illness.

M. Tech. / OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Chiropractic Spinal Manipulative Therapy (CSMT) of the cervical spine on the key-strike accuracy of adults typing on a standard keyboard. By reducing the negative neural and other effects caused by aberrant movement between vertebrae, CSMT could allow optimal propagation and processing of upper limb proprioceptive information and improve cognitive processing needed for accurate typing. DESIGN: Forty subjects presenting to the University of Johannesburg Chiropractic Clinic participated in the study. The participants were allocated to one of two groups. Participants in the Experimental Group received spinal manipulative therapy to restricted segments in the cervical spine, as was determined by motion palpation of the cervical spine. Participants in the Control Group received detuned ultrasound therapy as a placebo. Patients were seen a total of six times over a period of three weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Participants were asked to copy a document on a standard computer keyboard, once before the treatment trial, and once following the treatment trial. The number of errors made pre-treatment was calculated and compared to the number of errors made post-treatment. CONCLUSION: Patients in the experimental group made significantly less typing errors following the treatment trial, while there was no difference in the number of typing errors made by patients in the control group. The results of this study increase potential for the chiropractic profession to contribute to the efficiency of the increasing number of people in the population that perform work on computers.

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