A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing Johannesburg, 2017 / Quality of life is a multidimensional, subjective and individualized concept influenced by culture and value systems. Cancer as a disease remains a major health problem globally and it’s estimated that 528 000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer annually whilst 266 000 will die each year. In Africa cervical cancer statistics indicate that there are 99 038 incidences and 60,098 cervical cancer related deaths (International Agency for Research in Cancer and World Health Organization, 2012). Women with cervical cancer experience physical, psychological and sex-related problems as the consequences of both the disease and treatment and this affects their quality of life. Research Question: What is the quality of life of women treated for cervical cancer at an academic hospital in Gauteng? Purpose of the study was to explore the quality of life in cervical cancer during treatment, at six months and twelve months post treatment at an academic hospital in Gauteng. Aims of the study: The objectives of the study were (1) to explore the quality of life in cervical cancer patients treated with radiation therapy and (2) to compare with the quality of life of women at six months and twelve months after completion of treatment at an academic hospital in Gauteng. Research Design: This is a cross sectional and explorative study. A sample of 153 women was recruited using a convenience sampling for the three groups and data were collected using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CX24 questionnaires. The data were captured on an excel spreadsheet and analysed using SPSS IBM 22.0. Results: The overall quality of life of the respondents was affected by the acute side effects experienced during treatment. Cancer related symptoms improved with radiotherapy treatment. Physical functioning was reported as the most affected domain while social functioning was the least affected. / MT2017

No description available.

Alicerçado em trabalhos contidos na literatura internacional sobre a implicação dos micoplasmas nas aIterações do trato geniturinário e sobretudo nas chamadas \"falhas da reprodução\", o presente estudo teve como objetivo, além da introdução de uma tecnologia de pesquisa desses microrganismos acessível ao laboratório clínico de rotina diagnóstica, também determinar as taxas de colonização de Mycoplasma hominis e de Ureaplasma urealyticum em gestantes pertencentes a uma classe de baixo nível sócio-econômico. Estas gestantes, em número de 74 (setenta e quatro), foram divididas em dois grupos: um grupo de 37 (trinta e sete) gestantes que possuía histórico anterior de alterações perigestacionais como: abortos, natimortos, prematuros, etc., e que constituíram o Grupo de Risco; e o outro constituído de 37 (trinta e sete) gestantes com gestações anteriores normais, Grupo Controle. Utilizando-se os materiais e métodos adaptados às condições de nosso meio, foram encontrados os seguintes resultados: a proporção de micoplasmas isolada foi de 94,6% no grupo de risco e de 81,2% no grupo controle. Do grupo de risco, Ureaplasma urealyticum foi isolado de vlnte e um pacientes (56,8%), Mycoplasma hominis de dois (5,4%) e ambos foram encontrados em seis pacientes (16,2%). No grupo controle, Ureaplasma urealyticum foi encontrado em 18 pacientes (48,6%), Mycoplasma hominis não foi isolado de nehuma (0,0%), enquanto que a associação Ureaplasma urealyticum e Mycoplasma hominis foi observado em seis casos (16,2%). Foi ainda verificado que onze (30,5%) gestações terminaram anormalmente no grupo de risco, sendo quatro (11,1%) de pacientes que não possuíam quaisquer alterações clínicas que as justificassem. No grupo controle, nenhuma alteração foi verificada entre os casos notificados. A análise estatística, dos resultados, permitiu verificar que não houve diferenças significantes entre os grupos estudados. / Abstracts Not Available

Estudo realizado no Frigorífico Triângulo de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais (MG), utilizando delineamento tipo caso-controle, procurou estabelecer a possível relação entre bursite cervical e brucelose, em bovinos abatidos no período de agosto de 1993 a julho de 1994. O diagnóstico de brucelose foi realizado mediante a prova de soroaglutinação rápida em placa. Os casos de bursite foram identificados, por técnico do Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF), com base em características morfológicas, previamente padronizadas. Para a determinação do odds ratio e do risco atribuível , entre bursite e brucelose, utilizaram-se 30 animais com o quadro e, como controle, 90 bovinos sem a patologia. Dos municípios que enviaram animais para o abate 60,0 por cento pertenciam à microregião do Triângulo Mineiro, MG, correspondendo a 94,7 por cento do total de bovinos abatidos; o número de machos e fêmeas equivaleram-se. A frequência de ocorrência de bursite cervical foi igual a 0,14 por cento (40/28.677); 80,0 por cento dos casos foram registrados entre os meses de agosto de 1993 e fevereiro de 1994. Goiás (GO) apresentou uma frequência de bursite da ordem de 0,28 por cento contra 0,13 por cento de MG (P=0,139) ; Itapirapuã, GO, com 5,0 por cento de casos de bursite, foi o município com a maior ocorrência da patologia (P<0,05). As fêmeas apresentaram 0,20 por cento de frequência de bursite, contra 0,07 por cento dos machos (P<0,05). Vascularização intensa (56,7 por cento ) e espessamento da parede da bolsa (43,4 por cento ) foram as características morfológicas mais encontradas. Dos animais com bursite, 13,3 por cento eram brucélicos, contra 5,6 por cento do grupo controle (P=0,115). Dentre aqueles com brucelose e bursite, as bolsas continham fibrina (40,0 por cento ) e projeções digitiformes (33,3 por cento ); encontradas as presenças de pús 1 de nódulos e de líquido viscoso. O odds ratio encontrado entre a brucelose e a bursite foi da ordem de 2,61 (P>0,05). O risco atribuível da patologia na população estudada foi igual a 7,64 por cento , valor esse correspondente à frequência esperada de redução de casos de bursite cervical, após a erradicação da brucelose em populações semelhantes à do presente estudo. No âmbito da saúde ocupacional, mesmo diante da ausência de relação estatística entre bursite e brucelose, esta patologia deve continuar a merecer a atenção de técnicos e profissionais de frigoríficos, com o escopo de diminuir eventuais riscos de infecção de trabalhadores, bem como de evitar a contaminação de carcaças, equipamentos e instalações. / The present study was conducted in the municipal of the Municipality of Uberlândia in the State of Minas Gerais. An examination is made of the association between a sorological diagnosis indicating brucellosis and the existence of supraspinous bursitis in cattle slaughtered between August, 1993 and July, 1994. To diagnose brucelloses the \"Rapid Aglutination\" test was performed on a plate with the standardized antigen count considered to be positive if above 100. The bursas examined were identified by technicians of the Federal Inspection Service based on the presence of ten standardized morphological characteristics. Using the case-control design 30 animals identified as having supraspinous bursitis were compared with 90 animals rendomly selected, without bursitis- but with other characteristics (sex, background, lot, conformation) similar to those affected. All animals were then diagnosed for brucellos. Of all municipios counties that sent animals for slaught 60,0 per cent came from the microregion of Triângulo Mineiro, MG, corresponding to 94,7 per cent of the total of slaughtered bovine; the number of females and males were equivalent. 80,0 per cent of cases of bursitis were registrated between August 1993 and February 1994. The State of Goiás had a rate of 0,28 per cent of bursitis cases against 0,13 per cent in Minas Gerais, (P=0,139). Itapirapuã, GO, with 5,0 per cent of cases was the municipal region with the highest rate of ocorrence (P<0,05). The rate or bursitis in female animals was 0,20 per cent while in male it was 0,07 per cent (P<0,05). The most frequency intense vascularization (56,66 per cent ), the presence of nodules (53,33 per cent ). Of the animals with bursitis, 13,33 per cent were found to have brucellosis while of the other animals, 5,56 per cent had the disease (P=0,115). The morphological characteristics of the bursae examined of the animals with brucellosis contained, most frequency, fibrin (40,0 per cent ) and digital projections (33,3 per cent ). The presence of pus, nodules and viscous fluid were found only among the animals who tested negative for brucellosis. The odds ratio between brucellosis and supraspinous bursitis was 2,61 (P>0,05). The attributable risk of bursitis in the population was calculated at 7,64 per cent . This is to say that the expected frequency of supraspinous bursitis, with the eradication of brucellosis, can be expected to reduce by this amount (in populations similar to that of the present study) . In the area of work related health hazards, although the statistical relation between bursitis and brucellosis lacks significance, bursitis continues to merit the attention of technicians and profesionals employed in slaughterhouses in and effort to reduce the risk of infection to their health as well as contamination of carcasses, equipment and installations.

A boa postura corporal é importante para otimizar a função vocal. Apesar de encontrado o assunto postura e voz na literatura, não foram encontradas pesquisas que estudem os posicionamentos específicos de cabeça e pescoço e como estas influenciam o sinal de voz. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a influência da anteriorização, da posteriorização e da extensão da cabeça no sinal de voz. Foram selecionados 50 homens e 50 mulheres não tabagistas e sem queixas vocais, com idade média de 24,72 e 23,46 anos, respectivamente. Foram demarcados nos participantes três pontos anatômicos: acrômio da escápula, côndilo da mandíbula e processo xifoide do esterno. Os indivíduos foram fotografados sentados em vista lateral com a coluna vertebral ereta simultaneamente ao processo de gravação da vogal /a/ sustentada pelo programa Sound Forge 7.0® em quatro diferentes posturas cervicais: P1) ereta; P2) anteriorização de cabeça; P3) posteriorização de cabeça; e P4) extensão cervical. As posturas foram analisadas por fotogrametria computadorizada pelo programa Corel Draw X3®. As vozes foram estudadas por análise acústica por meio do programa MDVP e por avaliação perceptivo auditiva realizada por três fonoaudiólogos meio de uma escala visual analógica com 100 milímetros de comprimento. A partir dos pontos anatômicos demarcados foram estudados pela fotogrametria os ângulos: côndilo-acrômio (ACA), mento-esternal (AME) e de Frankfurt (AF). Os resultados posturais e vocais foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes Anova e Tukey com p<0,05. Na fotogrametria, foram encontradas diferenças significantes (p<0,05) em ACA e AME na P2 e P3 em relação à P1 e em AF na P4 quando comparado à P1, para homens e mulheres. Na análise acústica da voz foram encontradas diferenças significantes (p<0,05) na frequência fundamental (F0) na comparação da P2 e P4 em relação à P1 em ambos os grupos, e no shimmer na P4 no grupo das mulheres. Na avaliação perceptivo auditiva foram encontradas diferenças significantes (p<0,05) na comparação da P2 com P1 com pior grau geral, maior tensão e pitch mais agudo para ambos os grupos e maior rugosidade no grupo dos homens na P2. Foi observado na comparação da P3 com P1 diferenças significativas (p<0,05) com pior grau geral, maior tensão, aumento do loudness, pitch mais agudo e maior rugosidade para ambos os grupos na P3. E na P4 foram encontradas pior grau geral, maior tensão, aumento do loudness e pitch mais agudo para ambos os grupos em relação à P1 (p<0,05), e maior rugosidade e soprosidade na P4 (p<0,05) para o grupo dos homens. Conclui-se que pelos achados fotogramétricos que os indivíduos se posicionaram corretamente nas posturas solicitadas. Nas posições da P2, P3 e P4 a voz se torna mais aguda, com maior tensão e com pior qualidade vocal quando comparadas à P1, e em P3 e P4 também se observa o aumento do loudness. / The good corporal posture is important to optimize the vocal function. Although the subject posture and voice has been found in the literature, it wasnt found researches that investigates how the specifics positions of head and neck influence the vocal signal. The aim of the present investigation was to verify the influence of forward head position, backward head position and cervical extension in the vocal signal. It was selected 50 men and 50 women, nonsmokers and without vocal complains, with average age of 24,72 and 23,46 years old, respectively. It was marked in the subjects three anatomic structures: acromion in the scapula, mandibular condyle and xiphoid process in the sternum. The participants were photographed sited in lateral view in a straight spine alignment simultaneously of the recording process of the sustained vowel /a/ by the program Sound Forge 7.0® in four different cervical postures: P1) straight alignment; P2) forward head position; P3) backward head position; and P4) cervical extension. The postures were analyzed by photogrammetry by the Corel Draw program. The voice were studied by acoustic analysis by the MDVP program and by perceptual speech analysis done by three speech therapists using a visual analogue scale with 100 millimeters of length. From the anatomic structures marked were studied by photogrammetry the angles: condyle-acromion (ACA), menton-sternum (AME) and Frankfurt (AF). The postural and vocal results were statistically analyzed by the Anova and Tukey tests with p<0,05. In the photogrammetry, were found significant differences (p<0,05) in ACA and AME in P2 and P3 in relation to P1 and in AF in P4 when compared to P1, for both men and women. IN the acoustic analysis were found significant differences (p<0,05) in fundamental frequency (F0) in the comparison of P2 and P4 with P1 in both groups, and in shimmer in the P4 for the women group. In the perceptual speech analysis were found significant differences (p<0,05) ) in the comparison of P2 with P1 with worse general degree, increased tension and pitch more acute for both groups and increased roughness for the men group in the P2. It was observed in the comparison of P3 with P1 significant differences (p<0,05) with worse general degree, increased tension, increased loudness, pitch more acute and increased roughness for both groups in P3. And in P4 were found worse general degree, increased tension, increased loudness and pitch more acute for both groups and increased roughness and breathiness in P4 (p<0,05) for the men group. It can be concluded by the founds in photogrammetry that the subjects were correctly positioned in the postures solicited. IN the P2, P3 and P4 positions the voice become more acute, with more tension and worse quality when compared to the P1 position, and also in P3 and P4 can be observed increased loudness.

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 6 million couples in the United States experience infertility. Because few risk factors for infertility are known, identification of modifiable determinants is an important public health goal. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN, occurs when the surface cells of the cervical tissue begin to change, and is caused by infection with a high-risk type of human Papillomavirus (HPV). CIN may affect the cervix’s immunological function, resulting in changes in mucus production, reduced protection against infections, and alterations in sperm transport through the cervical canal. CIN can also progress to invasive cervical cancer. There are four main CIN treatment procedures that aim to remove pre-cancerous cells from the cervix; loop excisions, commonly known as electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) or large loop excision of the transformative zone (LLETZ); cryosurgery; conization; and laser ablation. Because the goal of these procedures is to remove abnormal cells, healthy cervical cells may inadvertently be removed as well, leading to further changes in cervical mucus production, sperm motility, and reduced protection against infection. Because of the changes to the cervical tissue and its function, CIN and its surgical treatments may affect fecundability. METHODS: We analyzed data from Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO), a preconception cohort of 5,594 North American pregnancy planners enrolled and followed between 2013 and 2018. At baseline, participants reported whether they had abnormal Pap tests and their age at their first abnormal Pap test, as well as cervical procedures and their age at the procedure. We estimated fecundability ratios (FR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using proportional probabilities models adjusted for sociodemographics, smoking, number of sexual partners, history of sexually transmitted infections/ pelvic inflammatory disease, and HPV vaccination. RESULTS: A history of abnormal Pap test, which we used as a proxy for cervical dysplasia, was positively associated with current and past smoking, gravidity, parity, irregular menses, number of sexual partners, history of chlamydia, genital warts and herpes, as well as a history of pelvic inflammatory disease. Of the women with an abnormal Pap test, the average age at first abnormal Pap test was 23.0 (std=4.5) years and the average number of abnormal Pap tests was 2.1 (std=1.7). We found little association overall between a history of abnormal Pap test and fecundability (FR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.11). The results did not differ when the data were examined by number of abnormal Pap tests, or type of procedure. There was also little association between time since the diagnosis or procedure and pregnancy attempt and fecundability. There was however a slight decrease in fecundability within the first 2 years of diagnosis/ procedure, with FRs that tended to increase with increasing time since diagnosis/procedure. DISCUSSION: We found little association overall between a history of abnormal Pap test or cervical dysplasia, including excisional surgeries, and fecundability. These results are consistent with most other studies demonstrating no clear adverse effects of CIN and treatments. Recency of diagnosis or procedure did not appreciably affect these findings. Although we found a very slight decrease in fecundability within the first two years since diagnosis or procedure, fecundability became similar to that of undiagnosed/untreated women after 2 years, and then increased slightly. CONCLUSION: We found little association between a history of abnormal Pap and CIN treatments and fecundability. A major limitation of our study is that the data were self-reported, which may have resulted in non-differential exposure misclassification.

Estudo realizado no Frigorífico Triângulo de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais (MG), utilizando delineamento tipo caso-controle, procurou estabelecer a possível relação entre bursite cervical e brucelose, em bovinos abatidos no período de agosto de 1993 a julho de 1994. O diagnóstico de brucelose foi realizado mediante a prova de soroaglutinação rápida em placa. Os casos de bursite foram identificados, por técnico do Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF), com base em características morfológicas, previamente padronizadas. Para a determinação do odds ratio e do risco atribuível , entre bursite e brucelose, utilizaram-se 30 animais com o quadro e, como controle, 90 bovinos sem a patologia. Dos municípios que enviaram animais para o abate 60,0 por cento pertenciam à microregião do Triângulo Mineiro, MG, correspondendo a 94,7 por cento do total de bovinos abatidos; o número de machos e fêmeas equivaleram-se. A frequência de ocorrência de bursite cervical foi igual a 0,14 por cento (40/28.677); 80,0 por cento dos casos foram registrados entre os meses de agosto de 1993 e fevereiro de 1994. Goiás (GO) apresentou uma frequência de bursite da ordem de 0,28 por cento contra 0,13 por cento de MG (P=0,139) ; Itapirapuã, GO, com 5,0 por cento de casos de bursite, foi o município com a maior ocorrência da patologia (P<0,05). As fêmeas apresentaram 0,20 por cento de frequência de bursite, contra 0,07 por cento dos machos (P<0,05). Vascularização intensa (56,7 por cento ) e espessamento da parede da bolsa (43,4 por cento ) foram as características morfológicas mais encontradas. Dos animais com bursite, 13,3 por cento eram brucélicos, contra 5,6 por cento do grupo controle (P=0,115). Dentre aqueles com brucelose e bursite, as bolsas continham fibrina (40,0 por cento ) e projeções digitiformes (33,3 por cento ); encontradas as presenças de pús 1 de nódulos e de líquido viscoso. O odds ratio encontrado entre a brucelose e a bursite foi da ordem de 2,61 (P>0,05). O risco atribuível da patologia na população estudada foi igual a 7,64 por cento , valor esse correspondente à frequência esperada de redução de casos de bursite cervical, após a erradicação da brucelose em populações semelhantes à do presente estudo. No âmbito da saúde ocupacional, mesmo diante da ausência de relação estatística entre bursite e brucelose, esta patologia deve continuar a merecer a atenção de técnicos e profissionais de frigoríficos, com o escopo de diminuir eventuais riscos de infecção de trabalhadores, bem como de evitar a contaminação de carcaças, equipamentos e instalações. / The present study was conducted in the municipal of the Municipality of Uberlândia in the State of Minas Gerais. An examination is made of the association between a sorological diagnosis indicating brucellosis and the existence of supraspinous bursitis in cattle slaughtered between August, 1993 and July, 1994. To diagnose brucelloses the \"Rapid Aglutination\" test was performed on a plate with the standardized antigen count considered to be positive if above 100. The bursas examined were identified by technicians of the Federal Inspection Service based on the presence of ten standardized morphological characteristics. Using the case-control design 30 animals identified as having supraspinous bursitis were compared with 90 animals rendomly selected, without bursitis- but with other characteristics (sex, background, lot, conformation) similar to those affected. All animals were then diagnosed for brucellos. Of all municipios counties that sent animals for slaught 60,0 per cent came from the microregion of Triângulo Mineiro, MG, corresponding to 94,7 per cent of the total of slaughtered bovine; the number of females and males were equivalent. 80,0 per cent of cases of bursitis were registrated between August 1993 and February 1994. The State of Goiás had a rate of 0,28 per cent of bursitis cases against 0,13 per cent in Minas Gerais, (P=0,139). Itapirapuã, GO, with 5,0 per cent of cases was the municipal region with the highest rate of ocorrence (P<0,05). The rate or bursitis in female animals was 0,20 per cent while in male it was 0,07 per cent (P<0,05). The most frequency intense vascularization (56,66 per cent ), the presence of nodules (53,33 per cent ). Of the animals with bursitis, 13,33 per cent were found to have brucellosis while of the other animals, 5,56 per cent had the disease (P=0,115). The morphological characteristics of the bursae examined of the animals with brucellosis contained, most frequency, fibrin (40,0 per cent ) and digital projections (33,3 per cent ). The presence of pus, nodules and viscous fluid were found only among the animals who tested negative for brucellosis. The odds ratio between brucellosis and supraspinous bursitis was 2,61 (P>0,05). The attributable risk of bursitis in the population was calculated at 7,64 per cent . This is to say that the expected frequency of supraspinous bursitis, with the eradication of brucellosis, can be expected to reduce by this amount (in populations similar to that of the present study) . In the area of work related health hazards, although the statistical relation between bursitis and brucellosis lacks significance, bursitis continues to merit the attention of technicians and profesionals employed in slaughterhouses in and effort to reduce the risk of infection to their health as well as contamination of carcasses, equipment and installations.

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / Refer to document

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-81).

Thesis (M.Ost.)--Unitec New Zealand, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-63).