Submitted by Camila Brandão Seabra null (cah_brandao@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-17T20:03:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Camila_ versão FINAL.pdf: 2400383 bytes, checksum: 5a0565b074f6f5c5b438fa06ae1b821e (MD5) / Rejected by Disleide Silvia Valerio Gounella null (disleide@clp.unesp.br), reason: Boa tarde. Favor fazer as seguintes alterações e inclusões: - alterar o título do arquivo, o mesmo deve ter o nome do trabalho; - Incluir palavras chaves em inglês; - Incluir resumo em inglês. Qualquer dúvida, entre em contato. abs. Disleide Silvia Valerio Gounella Bibliotecária CLP - São Vicente Fone: (13)3569-7154 Mailto: disleide@clp.unesp.br skype: disleidesilviavaleriogounella on 2018-03-19T20:13:46Z (GMT) / Submitted by Camila Brandão Seabra null (cah_brandao@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-20T15:13:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Helmintos gastrointestinais de toninha, Pontoporia blainvillei..pdf: 2400383 bytes, checksum: 5a0565b074f6f5c5b438fa06ae1b821e (MD5) / Rejected by Disleide Silvia Valerio Gounella null (disleide@clp.unesp.br), reason: boa tarde. O arquivo com o nome do título do trabalho não está aparecendo corretamente. Em alguns lugares aprece como"dissertação de mestrado". Favor alterar. abs. Disleide on 2018-03-20T19:19:11Z (GMT) / Submitted by Camila Brandão Seabra null (cah_brandao@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-24T00:04:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Helmintos gastrointestinais de toninha Pontoporia blainvillei do litoral de São Paulo Brasil.pdf: 1190582 bytes, checksum: 129440c881f7848abe0640e15defd45a (MD5) / Rejected by Disleide Silvia Valerio Gounella null (disleide@clp.unesp.br), reason: Bom dia. Por favor, coloque as palavras chaves em português e depois em inglês, mesmo que os termos se repitam; Não estou conseguindo abrir o arquivo com o texto da dissertação, favor, retira-lo e inseri-lo novamente. Tirar o nome "dissertação:" do nome do arquivo. Deixar somente o título do trabalho. abs. Disleide Silvia Valerio Gounella Bibliotecária CLP - São Vicente Fone: (13)3569-7154 Mailto: disleide@clp.unesp.br skype: disleidesilviavaleriogounella on 2018-03-26T14:54:25Z (GMT) / Submitted by Camila Brandão Seabra null (cah_brandao@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-02T14:53:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Helmintos gastrointestinais de toninha Pontoporia blainvillei do litoral de São Paulo Brasil.pdf: 1190582 bytes, checksum: 129440c881f7848abe0640e15defd45a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Disleide Silvia Valerio Gounella null (disleide@clp.unesp.br) on 2018-04-03T13:56:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 seabra_cb_me_svic.pdf: 1190582 bytes, checksum: 129440c881f7848abe0640e15defd45a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T13:56:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 seabra_cb_me_svic.pdf: 1190582 bytes, checksum: 129440c881f7848abe0640e15defd45a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / As infecções parasitárias são muito comuns em mamíferos marinhos e o estudo da helmintofauna em cetáceos tem sido utilizado como uma ferramenta para determinar aspectos biológicos e ecológicos dos hospedeiros, entre eles a definição de nichos, rotas de dispersão, hábitos alimentares e diferenciação de estoques populacionais. A toninha, Pontoporia blainvillei, pequeno cetáceo endêmico do Atlântico Sul Ocidental tem como principal causa de mortalidade em toda sua área de distribuição a captura acidental. O trato gastrointestinal de 87 toninhas, coletados de carcaças provenientes de captura acidental ou encalhe, no período de 2005 a 2017, no litoral de São Paulo foram analisados para identificar as espécies componentes da fauna parasitária gastrointestinal e avaliar variações nos níveis de infecção conforme o sexo, fase de desenvolvimento, sazonalidade e área de distribuição dos hospedeiros. Foram coletados 4.171 espécimes de helmintos, classificadas em cinco espécies: Anisakis sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae); Andracantha sp., Bolbosoma turbinella, Corynosoma cetaceum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae), e Synthesium pontoporiae (Trematoda: Brachycladiidae). Os helmintos C. cetaceum, exclusivo do estômago e S. pontoporiae, encontrado tanto no estômago quanto no intestino apresentaram os maiores índices parasitológicos, enquanto as outras três espécies foram consideradas raras devido aos baixos índices parasitários. Houve diferença significativa na carga parasitária apenas para as fases de desenvolvimento, na qual indivíduos adultos e juvenis apresentaram maiores índices parasitológicos do que indivíduos filhotes. Os índices parasitológicos não variaram significativamente entre os sexos, sazonalidade ou área de distribuição dos hospedeiros. A comunidade parasitária componente do trato gastrointestinal de P. blainvillei no litoral de São Paulo difere parcialmente daquela descrita anteriormente, compreendendo duas espécies: Corynosoma cetaceum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) e Synthesium pontoporiae (Digenea: Brachycladiidae). As espécies Anisakis sp., Bolbosoma turbinella e Andracantha sp. consistem em infecção acidental por ingestão de presa infectada e, portanto, não fazem parte da fauna parasitária do hospedeiro nesta área de estudo. Foram observadas variações de comprimento e forma em 18% (n= 377) dos helmintos Synthesium pontoporiae coletados, tratando-se de espécimes sexualmente maduros com tamanho inferior e superior ao descrito para a espécie. São necessários estudos moleculares para complementar a investigação sobre as causas da diferenciação de Synthesium pontoporiae em três morfotipos distintos no litoral de São Paulo, Brasil. / Parasitic infections are very common in marine mammals and the study of helminthfauna in cetaceans has been used as a tool to determine biological and ecological aspects of the hosts, as the definition of niches, dispersal routes, feeding habits and differentiation of population stocks. The franciscana dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, is a small cetacean endemic to the Western South Atlantic, beeing the bycath events the main cause of mortality throughout its distribution area. The gastrointestinal tract of 87 franciscanas, collected from carcasses from bycatch or stranding, from 2005 to 2017, in the coast of São Paulo were analyzed to identify the component species of parasitic gastrointestinal fauna and to evaluate variations in levels of infection according to sex, stage of development, seasonality and range of the hosts. A total of 4,171 specimens of helminths were collected and classified into five species: Anisakis sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae); Andracantha sp., Bolbosoma turbinella, Corynosoma cetaceum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae), and Synthesium pontoporiae (Trematoda: Brachycladiidae). The helminths C. cetaceum, exclusive to the stomach and S. pontoporiae, found in both, stomach and intestine, presented the highest parasitological indexes, while the other three species were considered rare due to the low parasitic indexes. There was a significant difference in parasite load only for the developmental stages, in which adult and juvenile individuals had higher parasitological indexes than calves. Parasitological indices did not vary significantly between the sexes, seasonality or range of the hosts. The parasite community component of the gastrointestinal tract of P. blainvillei on the São Paulo coast differs partially from that described previously, comprising two species: Corynosoma cetaceum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) and Synthesium pontoporiae (Digenea: Brachycladiidae). The species Anisakis sp., Bolbosoma turbinella and Andracantha sp. consists of accidental infection by ingestion of infected prey and, therefore, are not part of the host parasitic fauna in this area of study. Length and shape variations were observed in 18% (n= 377) of the collected Synthesium pontoporiae parasites, being sexually mature specimens with inferior and superior sizes to those described for the species. Molecular studies are needed to complement the research on the causes of the differentiation of Synthesium pontoporiae in three distinct morphotypes in the coast of São Paulo.

Orientador: Carolina Pacheco Bertozzi / Resumo: As infecções parasitárias são muito comuns em mamíferos marinhos e o estudo da helmintofauna em cetáceos tem sido utilizado como uma ferramenta para determinar aspectos biológicos e ecológicos dos hospedeiros, entre eles a definição de nichos, rotas de dispersão, hábitos alimentares e diferenciação de estoques populacionais. A toninha, Pontoporia blainvillei, pequeno cetáceo endêmico do Atlântico Sul Ocidental tem como principal causa de mortalidade em toda sua área de distribuição a captura acidental. O trato gastrointestinal de 87 toninhas, coletados de carcaças provenientes de captura acidental ou encalhe, no período de 2005 a 2017, no litoral de São Paulo foram analisados para identificar as espécies componentes da fauna parasitária gastrointestinal e avaliar variações nos níveis de infecção conforme o sexo, fase de desenvolvimento, sazonalidade e área de distribuição dos hospedeiros. Foram coletados 4.171 espécimes de helmintos, classificadas em cinco espécies: Anisakis sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae); Andracantha sp., Bolbosoma turbinella, Corynosoma cetaceum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae), e Synthesium pontoporiae (Trematoda: Brachycladiidae). Os helmintos C. cetaceum, exclusivo do estômago e S. pontoporiae, encontrado tanto no estômago quanto no intestino apresentaram os maiores índices parasitológicos, enquanto as outras três espécies foram consideradas raras devido aos baixos índices parasitários. Houve diferença significativa na carga parasitária apenas para as fases d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Parasitic infections are very common in marine mammals and the study of helminthfauna in cetaceans has been used as a tool to determine biological and ecological aspects of the hosts, as the definition of niches, dispersal routes, feeding habits and differentiation of population stocks. The franciscana dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, is a small cetacean endemic to the Western South Atlantic, beeing the bycath events the main cause of mortality throughout its distribution area. The gastrointestinal tract of 87 franciscanas, collected from carcasses from bycatch or stranding, from 2005 to 2017, in the coast of São Paulo were analyzed to identify the component species of parasitic gastrointestinal fauna and to evaluate variations in levels of infection according to sex, stage of development, seasonality and range of the hosts. A total of 4,171 specimens of helminths were collected and classified into five species: Anisakis sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae); Andracantha sp., Bolbosoma turbinella, Corynosoma cetaceum (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae), and Synthesium pontoporiae (Trematoda: Brachycladiidae). The helminths C. cetaceum, exclusive to the stomach and S. pontoporiae, found in both, stomach and intestine, presented the highest parasitological indexes, while the other three species were considered rare due to the low parasitic indexes. There was a significant difference in parasite load only for the developmental stages, in which adult and juvenile individuals had higher parasito... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Ao longo dos tempos, os cetáceos têm estado metaforicamente próximos à espécie humana o que tem revelado uma inter-relação ambígua, uma vez que podem evocar imagens de inteligência e mistério ao mesmo tempo em que servem como fonte de subsistência e de exploração econômica. Sem dúvida alguma, a relação positiva entre homens e cetáceos atingiu seu ápice na antiga civilização grega e prova disso são os registros históricos das lendas e mitos relacionados aos golfinhos. Por outro lado, sabe-se que a caça a baleia é uma atividade muito antiga praticada desde a pré-história por povos antigos. Os dias atuais ainda refletem a ambigüidade da relação homem/cetáceo. Contudo, as descobertas científicas das últimas décadas trouxeram a possibilidade de um relacionamento positivo com esses animais, especialmente no que se refere ao turismo de observação em contraposição à continuidade/retorno da caça comercial. Em vários lugares do mundo encontramos diferentes comunidades tradicionais que mantém um relacionamento de admiração e respeito com os cetáceos, gerando um conhecimento aprimorado sobre diferentes aspectos de sua biologia e ecologia. Sob as luzes interdisciplinares da etnociência, deu-se continuidade e ampliou-se o estudo das relações e conexões entre pescadores caiçaras tradicionais e as espécies de cetáceos ocorrentes ao longo do Complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia. Os resultados indicam que os caiçaras são capazes de perceber e prever mudanças climáticas, classificar e localizar espacialmente organismos marinhos e elaborar complexas cadeias tróficas. Apresentam uma percepção acurada com relação à biologia e ecologia do boto Sotalia guianensis (CETACEA; DELPHINIDAE), especialmente em relação ao comportamento, hábitos alimentares e reprodutivos da espécie, e possuem um conhecimento generalizado sobre outros mamíferos aquáticos. A transmissão cultural desse conhecimento ocorre de forma vertical (entre gerações) e também de forma horizontal (dentro da mesma geração). A comunidade caiçara de Cananéia deve ser devidamente incorporada aos processos decisórios relacionados ao tema sócio-ambiental, bem como, nas tomadas de decisão relacionadas ao gerenciamento das atividades turísticas visando à promoção da prática de um turismo participativo e de base sustentável. Esse envolvimento deve ser planejado e avaliado de forma intensamente participativa, respeitando-se os critérios legislativos e também aqueles estabelecidos pelos próprios representantes dessas comunidades. As questões relacionadas à área sócio-ambiental devem ser tratadas de forma interdisciplinar com a finalidade de se compor um cenário cooperativo para a construção de propostas participativas que não criem condições de exclusão das comunidades, mas sim, as incorpore no processo de forma a se respeitar e valorizar os seus saberes e fazeres tradicionais. Novos modelos de propostas conservacionistas interdisciplinares devem ser construídos de forma a promover a inclusão sócio-ambiental das comunidades tradicionais, evitando assim, conflitos e má utilização de Unidades de Conservação. Respeitar o conhecimento e a cultura caiçara local torna-se fundamental para que se tenha a dimensão exata das estratégias de conservação das espécies e ecossistemas do Lagamar. / Throughout the years, cetaceans have been metaphorically close to humans, and this has revealed an ambiguous inter-relationship, since they may evoke images of intelligence and mystery at the same time they are sources of subsistence and economic exploration. Undoubtedly, the positive human-cetacean relation has peaked during the ancient Greek civilization, as proven by historical records of dolphin-related legends and myths. On the other hand, it is known that the whale hunting is a very old activity, practiced since the pre-history by ancient civilizations. Current days still reflects this ambiguity between human and cetaceans. However, the scientific discoveries of the last decades have brought a possibility of a positive relationship with these animals, especially about the whale watching in opposition to the continuance/return of the commercial hunting. It can be found in several places of the world traditional communities that keep an admiration and respect relationship with these animals, creating and improving knowledge about different aspects of their biology and ecology. Under the interdisciplinary lights of etnoscience, the continuity and enlargement of the study of the relations and conexions between traditional caiçaras fishermen and the cetaceans' species that occurs in the "Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Cananéia" have been established. Our results show the ability of caiçaras to notice and anticipate climatological changes, classify and locate marine organisms and elaborate complex trofic chains. They have and accurate perception in relation to the biology and ecology of the estuarine dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (CETACEA; DELPHINIDAE), especially about their behavior, reproductive and feeding habits, and have also a general knowledge about other species of aquatic mammals. The transmission of cultural knowledge occurs in a vertical manner (between generations) and in a horizontal manner (in the same generation). The Cananéia's caiçara community must be properly incorporated to the resolution process related to environmental themes, such as in the decisions related to the management of touristic activities intending to promote participative and self-sustained tourism. This involvement must be planned and valued in a very participative way, respecting the legal rules and also, the ones established by the people that represents these communities. The questions related to the environmental area must be treated in an interdisciplinary way, aiming the construction of a cooperative scene, to build a participative proposal that don't excludes the communities, but keep them incorporated to the creation process, respecting and valorizing their traditional knowledge and actions. New models of interdisciplinary conservacionist proposals must be building, intending to promote the environmental inclusion of traditional communities, avoiding conflicts and bad uses of forest preserve. Keep the respect is fundamental to the local caiçara's knowledge and culture. That is the way to gain the exact dimension of the conservation strategies of Lagamar's species and ecosystem.

Ao longo dos tempos, os cetáceos têm estado metaforicamente próximos à espécie humana o que tem revelado uma inter-relação ambígua, uma vez que podem evocar imagens de inteligência e mistério ao mesmo tempo em que servem como fonte de subsistência e de exploração econômica. Sem dúvida alguma, a relação positiva entre homens e cetáceos atingiu seu ápice na antiga civilização grega e prova disso são os registros históricos das lendas e mitos relacionados aos golfinhos. Por outro lado, sabe-se que a caça a baleia é uma atividade muito antiga praticada desde a pré-história por povos antigos. Os dias atuais ainda refletem a ambigüidade da relação homem/cetáceo. Contudo, as descobertas científicas das últimas décadas trouxeram a possibilidade de um relacionamento positivo com esses animais, especialmente no que se refere ao turismo de observação em contraposição à continuidade/retorno da caça comercial. Em vários lugares do mundo encontramos diferentes comunidades tradicionais que mantém um relacionamento de admiração e respeito com os cetáceos, gerando um conhecimento aprimorado sobre diferentes aspectos de sua biologia e ecologia. Sob as luzes interdisciplinares da etnociência, deu-se continuidade e ampliou-se o estudo das relações e conexões entre pescadores caiçaras tradicionais e as espécies de cetáceos ocorrentes ao longo do Complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia. Os resultados indicam que os caiçaras são capazes de perceber e prever mudanças climáticas, classificar e localizar espacialmente organismos marinhos e elaborar complexas cadeias tróficas. Apresentam uma percepção acurada com relação à biologia e ecologia do boto Sotalia guianensis (CETACEA; DELPHINIDAE), especialmente em relação ao comportamento, hábitos alimentares e reprodutivos da espécie, e possuem um conhecimento generalizado sobre outros mamíferos aquáticos. A transmissão cultural desse conhecimento ocorre de forma vertical (entre gerações) e também de forma horizontal (dentro da mesma geração). A comunidade caiçara de Cananéia deve ser devidamente incorporada aos processos decisórios relacionados ao tema sócio-ambiental, bem como, nas tomadas de decisão relacionadas ao gerenciamento das atividades turísticas visando à promoção da prática de um turismo participativo e de base sustentável. Esse envolvimento deve ser planejado e avaliado de forma intensamente participativa, respeitando-se os critérios legislativos e também aqueles estabelecidos pelos próprios representantes dessas comunidades. As questões relacionadas à área sócio-ambiental devem ser tratadas de forma interdisciplinar com a finalidade de se compor um cenário cooperativo para a construção de propostas participativas que não criem condições de exclusão das comunidades, mas sim, as incorpore no processo de forma a se respeitar e valorizar os seus saberes e fazeres tradicionais. Novos modelos de propostas conservacionistas interdisciplinares devem ser construídos de forma a promover a inclusão sócio-ambiental das comunidades tradicionais, evitando assim, conflitos e má utilização de Unidades de Conservação. Respeitar o conhecimento e a cultura caiçara local torna-se fundamental para que se tenha a dimensão exata das estratégias de conservação das espécies e ecossistemas do Lagamar. / Throughout the years, cetaceans have been metaphorically close to humans, and this has revealed an ambiguous inter-relationship, since they may evoke images of intelligence and mystery at the same time they are sources of subsistence and economic exploration. Undoubtedly, the positive human-cetacean relation has peaked during the ancient Greek civilization, as proven by historical records of dolphin-related legends and myths. On the other hand, it is known that the whale hunting is a very old activity, practiced since the pre-history by ancient civilizations. Current days still reflects this ambiguity between human and cetaceans. However, the scientific discoveries of the last decades have brought a possibility of a positive relationship with these animals, especially about the whale watching in opposition to the continuance/return of the commercial hunting. It can be found in several places of the world traditional communities that keep an admiration and respect relationship with these animals, creating and improving knowledge about different aspects of their biology and ecology. Under the interdisciplinary lights of etnoscience, the continuity and enlargement of the study of the relations and conexions between traditional caiçaras fishermen and the cetaceans' species that occurs in the "Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Cananéia" have been established. Our results show the ability of caiçaras to notice and anticipate climatological changes, classify and locate marine organisms and elaborate complex trofic chains. They have and accurate perception in relation to the biology and ecology of the estuarine dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (CETACEA; DELPHINIDAE), especially about their behavior, reproductive and feeding habits, and have also a general knowledge about other species of aquatic mammals. The transmission of cultural knowledge occurs in a vertical manner (between generations) and in a horizontal manner (in the same generation). The Cananéia's caiçara community must be properly incorporated to the resolution process related to environmental themes, such as in the decisions related to the management of touristic activities intending to promote participative and self-sustained tourism. This involvement must be planned and valued in a very participative way, respecting the legal rules and also, the ones established by the people that represents these communities. The questions related to the environmental area must be treated in an interdisciplinary way, aiming the construction of a cooperative scene, to build a participative proposal that don't excludes the communities, but keep them incorporated to the creation process, respecting and valorizing their traditional knowledge and actions. New models of interdisciplinary conservacionist proposals must be building, intending to promote the environmental inclusion of traditional communities, avoiding conflicts and bad uses of forest preserve. Keep the respect is fundamental to the local caiçara's knowledge and culture. That is the way to gain the exact dimension of the conservation strategies of Lagamar's species and ecosystem.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Due to the large gaps in the fossil record, the evolutionary history of the mammalian order Cetacea is incomplete and controversial. Increasingly researchers are utilizing molecular and biochemical procedures to supplement cetacean paleontology. One of these methods is the comparison of amino acid sequences of myoglobin among species of this order. since this method is time-consuming and expensive, an alternative procedure is desirable.

The objective of this project is to develop a device that can monitor the heart rate and respiration of cetaceans. This would provide a way to quantitatively measure stress and determine the impact of human activity on cetaceans, especially for certain species that have been difficult to monitor in the past. There are many challenges to developing such a device, including determining the appropriate type of sensor, reducing the effect of flow noise, and designing an effective attachment method; this paper primarily focuses on determining the most suitable acoustic transducer. Experiments were conducted to compare various acoustic sensors in detecting heart rate. The electronic stethoscope performed the best in the experiments, but the results showed that other transducers, such as accelerometers and pressure sensors, also performed well and could be successful options with further development. Data processing methods to identify heartbeats and characterize signals are also discussed in this paper. Future work on the project involves subsequent tests to address other design variables as well as replicate experiments on animals.

The efficacy of a Marine Protected Area (MPA) is contingent on it having a design appropriate for the species it is intended to protect. Hector�s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori), a coastal delphinid endemic to New Zealand, is endangered due to bycatch in gillnets. Analyses of survival rate and population viability suggest that the Banks Peninsula population is most likely still declining despite the presence of the Banks Peninsula Marine Mammal Sanctuary (BPMMS), where gillnetting is regulated. More data on distribution and movements of dolphins are therefore required to improve the design of the BPMMS. On aerial surveys of Hector�s dolphin distribution at Banks Peninsula over three years, sightings were made up to 19 n.mi. offshore. On average, 19% of dolphins were sighted outside the BPMMS�s 4 n.mi. offshore boundary in summer, compared to 56% in winter. On similar surveys of the South Island�s west coast, all dolphins were sighted within 6 n.mi. of the coast and there was no seasonal change in distribution. At each location, Mantel tests indicated that distance offshore had the strongest and most consistent effect on distribution. However, a logistic regression model using the combined datasets suggested that distribution was most strongly defined by water depth, with all sightings made inside the 90 m isobath. Boat surveys were carried out at Banks Peninsula (2002 to 2006) to continue the long-term photo-ID project. Using the 22 year dataset, alongshore home-range of the 20 most frequently sighted dolphins was estimated by univariate kernel methods. Mean alongshore range was 49.69 km (SE = 5.29), 60% larger than the previous estimate. Fifteen percent of these individuals had ranges extending beyond the northern boundary of the BPMMS. An acoustic data logger, the T-POD, was trialled for passive acoustic monitoring of Hector�s dolphins. Simultaneous T-POD/theodolite surveys revealed that T-PODs reliably detected dolphins within 200m. No detections were made beyond 500m. To monitor inshore habitat use, T-PODs were deployed in three locations at Banks Peninsula (n = 431 days). A GLM analysis of Detection Positive Minutes (DPM) per day indicated that season had the largest effect on detection rate, with over twice as many DPMs per day in summer (x̄ = 99.8) as winter (x̄ = 47.6). The new findings on Hector�s dolphin distribution and ranging can be used to improve the design of the BPMMS. It is recommended that the offshore boundary of the BPMMS is extended to 20 n.mi. (37 km), the northern boundary is moved 12 km north and recreational gillnetting is prohibited year round. In areas where distribution of Hector�s dolphin has not been studied, the offshore boundary of MPAs should enclose the 100 m isobath.

The efficacy of a Marine Protected Area (MPA) is contingent on it having a design appropriate for the species it is intended to protect. Hector�s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori), a coastal delphinid endemic to New Zealand, is endangered due to bycatch in gillnets. Analyses of survival rate and population viability suggest that the Banks Peninsula population is most likely still declining despite the presence of the Banks Peninsula Marine Mammal Sanctuary (BPMMS), where gillnetting is regulated. More data on distribution and movements of dolphins are therefore required to improve the design of the BPMMS. On aerial surveys of Hector�s dolphin distribution at Banks Peninsula over three years, sightings were made up to 19 n.mi. offshore. On average, 19% of dolphins were sighted outside the BPMMS�s 4 n.mi. offshore boundary in summer, compared to 56% in winter. On similar surveys of the South Island�s west coast, all dolphins were sighted within 6 n.mi. of the coast and there was no seasonal change in distribution. At each location, Mantel tests indicated that distance offshore had the strongest and most consistent effect on distribution. However, a logistic regression model using the combined datasets suggested that distribution was most strongly defined by water depth, with all sightings made inside the 90 m isobath. Boat surveys were carried out at Banks Peninsula (2002 to 2006) to continue the long-term photo-ID project. Using the 22 year dataset, alongshore home-range of the 20 most frequently sighted dolphins was estimated by univariate kernel methods. Mean alongshore range was 49.69 km (SE = 5.29), 60% larger than the previous estimate. Fifteen percent of these individuals had ranges extending beyond the northern boundary of the BPMMS. An acoustic data logger, the T-POD, was trialled for passive acoustic monitoring of Hector�s dolphins. Simultaneous T-POD/theodolite surveys revealed that T-PODs reliably detected dolphins within 200m. No detections were made beyond 500m. To monitor inshore habitat use, T-PODs were deployed in three locations at Banks Peninsula (n = 431 days). A GLM analysis of Detection Positive Minutes (DPM) per day indicated that season had the largest effect on detection rate, with over twice as many DPMs per day in summer (x̄ = 99.8) as winter (x̄ = 47.6). The new findings on Hector�s dolphin distribution and ranging can be used to improve the design of the BPMMS. It is recommended that the offshore boundary of the BPMMS is extended to 20 n.mi. (37 km), the northern boundary is moved 12 km north and recreational gillnetting is prohibited year round. In areas where distribution of Hector�s dolphin has not been studied, the offshore boundary of MPAs should enclose the 100 m isobath.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 64-66)