FEITOSA, Hernandes de Oliveira. Crescimento e extração de nutrientes pelo abacaxizeiro cv. Vitória sob doses crescentes de micronutrientes em dois tipos coberturas do solo. 2010. 107 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-23T18:19:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_hofeitosa.pdf: 1189053 bytes, checksum: 4c160b4e4f0e5f0a34bca89b4a985fcb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-21T20:15:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_hofeitosa.pdf: 1189053 bytes, checksum: 4c160b4e4f0e5f0a34bca89b4a985fcb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T20:15:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_hofeitosa.pdf: 1189053 bytes, checksum: 4c160b4e4f0e5f0a34bca89b4a985fcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Foliar fertilizing has become very significant, in recent years, due to the necessity of supplying crops with micronutrients, especially crops of high economic value such as pineapple. We evaluated the vegetative performance and micronutrient absorption by the Victoria (cv) pineapple, under escalating levels of nutrients applied through foliar fertilizing and soil fertilizing and cultivated in soil covered either with waxless carnauba chaff or plastic in the climatic conditions in the Perímetro Irrigado Baixo Acaraú, state of Ceará, Brazil . We conducted two field experiments, one in soil covered with black plastic and the other in soil covered with carnauba chaff, arranged in a randomized block design in split-split plot with four levels of fertilization with FTE-12, four levels of foliar fertilization and four time intervals with five replications. The Vitória (cv) pineapple was grown in double rows spaced 0.9 m x 0.4 m x 0.3 m. The treatments applied in the plots were 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg of FTE-12 per hectare, and the tratments applied in the subplots were: T1 (no fertilization), T2 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 540,75 g ha-1 of Fe, 394,17 g ha-1of Mn, 182,7 g ha-1 of Zn, 150,57 g ha-1 of Cu e 100,8 g ha-1 of B), T3 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 1081,5 g ha- 1 of Fe, 788,34 g ha-1 of Mn, 365,4 g of Zn, 301,14 g of Cu e 201,6 g of B) and T4 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 2163,0 g ha-1 of Fe, 1182,51 g ha-1 of Mn, 548,1 g ha-1 of Zn, 451,71 g ha-1 of Cu e 302,4 g ha-1 of B) in the nutrient solution, taking as standard the modified Murashige and Skoog nutrient solution (1962), applied right after planting (0 days) and then 90 days, 180 days and 270 days after planting (DAP). Plant height, leaf area, plant dry matter, root dry weight, root/shoot ratio, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, liquid assimilation rate and the leaf concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn , and B were all evaluated in both experiments. The results showed that the applications of micronutrients did influence positively the vegetative of the plants over time, so that the highest dose of fertilizer either with FTE-12 or with foliar fertilization showed the best development at the 270th day after planting, without, however, reaching a point of maximum. In other words, the maximal doses granted higher values for the monitored plant growth variables, but did not reach a maximum point, indicating that the culture could respond positively to even higher doses of micronutrients. / A adubação foliar nos últimos anos vem se tornando bastante expressiva, devido ao suprimento de micronutrientes, principalmente, em culturas de alto valor econômico como o abacaxizeiro. Avaliou-se o desempenho vegetativo e a absorção de micronutrientes pelo abacaxizeiro Vitória, sob doses crescentes de micronutrientes aplicados via solo e adubação foliar cultivado em solo coberto com bagana de carnaúba e plástico nas condições climáticas do Perímetro Irrigado Baixo Acaraú, CE. Foram conduzidos em campo dois experimentos, um em solo coberto com plástico preto e outro com bagana, tomado por um delineamento em blocos casualizados em parcelas subsubdividida, com quatro níveis de adubação com FTE-12 , quatro níveis de adubação foliar, e quatro épocas com cinco repetições. O abacaxizeiro Vitória foi cultivado em fileiras duplas no espaçamento de 0,9 m x 0,4m x 0,3 m. Os tratamentos utilizados nas parcelas foram: 0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1 de FTE-12 e nas subparcelas foram: T1(Sem adubação), T2 (9 adubações foliares usando um total de 540,75 g ha-1 de Fe, 394,17 g ha-1de Mn, 182,7 g ha-1 de Zn, 150,57 g ha-1 de Cu e 100,8 g ha-1 de B); T3 (9 adubações foliares usando um total de 1081,5 g ha-1 de Fe, 788,34 g ha-1 de Mn, 365,4 g de Zn, 301,14 g de Cu e 201,6 g de B) e T4 (9 adubações foliares usando um total de 2163,0 g ha-1 de Fe, 1182,51 g ha-1 de Mn, 548,1 g ha-1 de Zn, 451,71 g ha-1 de Cu e 302,4 g ha-1 de B) da solução nutritiva, tomando como padrão a solução nutritiva de Murashige e Skoog modificada (1962), nas épocas de 0, 90, 180 e 270 dias após plantio (DAP). Em ambos os experimentos foram avaliados altura da planta, área foliar, massa seca da planta, peso seco da raiz, relação raiz /parte aérea, taxas de crescimento absoluto, relativa e de assimilação líquida e os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, e B nas folhas. Os resultados demonstraram que as doses de micronutrientes influenciaram de forma positiva o desempenho vegetativo das plantas aolongo do tempo, sendo que a maior dose de adubação tanto com FTE-12 quanto com adubação foliar apresentou melhor desenvolvimento aos 270 DAP, porém, não chegando ao ponto de máximo. As doses máximas permitiram maiores valores para altura da planta, área foliar, massa seca da planta, peso seco da raiz, taxas de crescimento absoluto, relativa e de assimilação líquida e os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, e B nas folhas, porém, não chegando a um ponto de máximo, indicando que a cultura responde a doses maiores dos nutrientes.

FEITOSA, Hernandes de Oliveira. Crescimento e extração de nutrientes pelo abacaxizeiro cv. Vitória sob doses crescentes de micronutrientes em dois tipos coberturas do solo. 2010. 108 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Progrma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-07-06T14:31:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_hofeitosa.pdf: 1180395 bytes, checksum: d719c929f5c03ee702854e2e97e45973 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-07-06T14:31:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_hofeitosa.pdf: 1180395 bytes, checksum: d719c929f5c03ee702854e2e97e45973 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-06T14:31:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_hofeitosa.pdf: 1180395 bytes, checksum: d719c929f5c03ee702854e2e97e45973 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Foliar fertilizing has become very significant, in recent years, due to the necessity of supplying crops with micronutrients, especially crops of high economic value such as pineapple. We evaluated the vegetative performance and micronutrient absorption by the Victoria (cv) pineapple, under escalating levels of nutrients applied through foliar fertilizing and soil fertilizing and cultivated in soil covered either with waxless carnauba chaff or plastic in the climatic conditions in the Perímetro Irrigado Baixo Acaraú, state of Ceará, Brazil . We conducted two field experiments, one in soil covered with black plastic and the other in soil covered with carnauba chaff, arranged in a randomized block design in split-split plot with four levels of fertilization with FTE-12, four levels of foliar fertilization and four time intervals with five replications. The Vitória (cv) pineapple was grown in double rows spaced 0.9 m x 0.4 m x 0.3 m. The treatments applied in the plots were 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg of FTE-12 per hectare, and the tratments applied in the subplots were: T1 (no fertilization), T2 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 540,75 g ha-1 of Fe, 394,17 g ha-1of Mn, 182,7 g ha-1 of Zn, 150,57 g ha-1 of Cu e 100,8 g ha-1 of B), T3 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 1081,5 g ha- 1 of Fe, 788,34 g ha-1 of Mn, 365,4 g of Zn, 301,14 g of Cu e 201,6 g of B) and T4 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 2163,0 g ha-1 of Fe, 1182,51 g ha-1 of Mn, 548,1 g ha-1 of Zn, 451,71 g ha-1 of Cu e 302,4 g ha-1 of B) in the nutrient solution, taking as standard the modified Murashige and Skoog nutrient solution (1962), applied right after planting (0 days) and then 90 days, 180 days and 270 days after planting (DAP). Plant height, leaf area, plant dry matter, root dry weight, root/shoot ratio, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, liquid assimilation rate and the leaf concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn , and B were all evaluated in both experiments. The results showed that the applications of micronutrients did influence positively the vegetative of the plants over time, so that the highest dose of fertilizer either with FTE-12 or with foliar fertilization showed the best development at the 270th day after planting, without, however, reaching a point of maximum. In other words, the maximal doses granted higher values for the monitored plant growth variables, but did not reach a maximum point, indicating that the culture could respond positively to even higher doses of micronutrients. / A adubação foliar nos últimos anos vem se tornando bastante expressiva, devido ao suprimento de micronutrientes, principalmente, em culturas de alto valor econômico como o abacaxizeiro. Avaliou-se o desempenho vegetativo e a absorção de micronutrientes pelo abacaxizeiro Vitória, sob doses crescentes de micronutrientes aplicados via solo e adubação foliar cultivado em solo coberto com bagana de carnaúba e plástico nas condições climáticas do Perímetro Irrigado Baixo Acaraú, CE. Foram conduzidos em campo dois experimentos, um em solo coberto com plástico preto e outro com bagana, tomado por um delineamento em blocos casualizados em parcelas subsubdividida, com quatro níveis de adubação com FTE-12 , quatro níveis de adubação foliar, e quatro épocas com cinco repetições. O abacaxizeiro Vitória foi cultivado em fileiras duplas no espaçamento de 0,9 m x 0,4m x 0,3 m. Os tratamentos utilizados nas parcelas foram: 0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1 de FTE-12 e nas subparcelas foram: T1(Sem adubação), T2 (9 adubações foliares usando um total de 540,75 g ha-1 de Fe, 394,17 g ha-1de Mn, 182,7 g ha-1 de Zn, 150,57 g ha-1 de Cu e 100,8 g ha-1 de B); T3 (9 adubações foliares usando um total de 1081,5 g ha-1 de Fe, 788,34 g ha-1 de Mn, 365,4 g de Zn, 301,14 g de Cu e 201,6 g de B) e T4 (9 adubações foliares usando um total de 2163,0 g ha-1 de Fe, 1182,51 g ha-1 de Mn, 548,1 g ha-1 de Zn, 451,71 g ha-1 de Cu e 302,4 g ha-1 de B) da solução nutritiva, tomando como padrão a solução nutritiva de Murashige e Skoog modificada (1962), nas épocas de 0, 90, 180 e 270 dias após plantio (DAP). Em ambos os experimentos foram avaliados altura da planta, área foliar, massa seca da planta, peso seco da raiz, relação raiz /parte aérea, taxas de crescimento absoluto, relativa e de assimilação líquida e os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, e B nas folhas. Os resultados demonstraram que as doses de micronutrientes influenciaram de forma positiva o desempenho vegetativo das plantas aolongo do tempo, sendo que a maior dose de adubação tanto com FTE-12 quanto com adubação foliar apresentou melhor desenvolvimento aos 270 DAP, porém, não chegando ao ponto de máximo. As doses máximas permitiram maiores valores para altura da planta, área foliar, massa seca da planta, peso seco da raiz, taxas de crescimento absoluto, relativa e de assimilação líquida e os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, e B nas folhas, porém, não chegando a um ponto de máximo, indicando que a cultura responde a doses maiores dos nutrientes.

Banco do Nordeste do Brasil / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A adubaÃÃo foliar nos Ãltimos anos vem se tornando bastante expressiva, devido ao suprimento de micronutrientes, principalmente, em culturas de alto valor econÃmico como o abacaxizeiro. Avaliou-se o desempenho vegetativo e a absorÃÃo de micronutrientes pelo abacaxizeiro VitÃria, sob doses crescentes de micronutrientes aplicados via solo e adubaÃÃo foliar cultivado em solo coberto com bagana de carnaÃba e plÃstico nas condiÃÃes climÃticas do PerÃmetro Irrigado Baixo AcaraÃ, CE. Foram conduzidos em campo dois experimentos, um em solo coberto com plÃstico preto e outro com bagana, tomado por um delineamento em blocos casualizados em parcelas subsubdividida, com quatro nÃveis de adubaÃÃo com FTE-12 , quatro nÃveis de adubaÃÃo foliar, e quatro Ãpocas com cinco repetiÃÃes. O abacaxizeiro VitÃria foi cultivado em fileiras duplas no espaÃamento de 0,9 m x 0,4m x 0,3 m. Os tratamentos utilizados nas parcelas foram: 0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1 de FTE-12 e nas subparcelas foram: T1(Sem adubaÃÃo), T2 (9 adubaÃÃes foliares usando um total de 540,75 g ha-1 de Fe, 394,17 g ha -1 de Mn, 182,7 g ha-1 de Zn, 150,57 g ha-1 de Cu e 100,8 g ha-1 de B); T3 (9 adubaÃÃes foliares usando um total de 1081,5 g ha-1 de Fe, 788,34 g ha-1 de Mn, 365,4 g de Zn, 301,14 g de Cu e 201,6 g de B) e T4 (9 adubaÃÃes foliares usando um total de 2163,0 g ha-1 de Fe, 1182,51 g ha -1 de Mn, 548,1 g ha-1 de Zn, 451,71 g ha-1 de Cu e 302,4 g ha-1 de B) da soluÃÃo nutritiva, tomando como padrÃo a soluÃÃo nutritiva de Murashige e Skoog modificada (1962), nas Ãpocas de 0, 90, 180 e 270 dias apÃs plantio (DAP). Em ambos os experimentos foram avaliados altura da planta, Ãrea foliar, massa seca da planta, peso seco da raiz, relaÃÃo raiz /parte aÃrea, taxas de crescimento absoluto, relativa e de assimilaÃÃo lÃquida e os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, e B nas folhas. Os resultados demonstraram que as doses de micronutrientes influenciaram de forma positiva o desempenho vegetativo das plantas ao longo do tempo, sendo que a maior dose de adubaÃÃo tanto com FTE-12 quanto com adubaÃÃo foliar apresentou melhor desenvolvimento aos 270 DAP, porÃm, nÃo chegando ao ponto de mÃximo. As doses mÃximas permitiram maiores valores para altura da planta, Ãrea foliar, massa seca da planta, peso seco da raiz, taxas de crescimento absoluto, relativa e de assimilaÃÃo lÃquida e os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, e B nas folhas, porÃm, nÃo chegando a um ponto de mÃximo, indicando que a cultura responde a doses maiores dos nutrientes. / Foliar fertilizing has become very significant, in recent years, due to the necessity of supplying crops with micronutrients, especially crops of high economic value such as pineapple. We evaluated the vegetative performance and micronutrient absorption by the Victoria (cv) pineapple, under escalating levels of nutrients applied through foliar fertilizing and soil fertilizing and cultivated in soil covered either with waxless carnauba chaff or plastic in the climatic conditions in the PerÃmetro Irrigado Baixo AcaraÃ, state of CearÃ, Brazil . We conducted two field experiments, one in soil covered with black plastic and the other in soil covered with carnauba chaff, arranged in a randomized block design in split-split plot with four levels of fertilization with FTE-12, four levels of foliar fertilization and four time intervals with five replications. The VitÃria (cv) pineapple was grown in double rows spaced 0.9 m x 0.4 m x 0.3 m. The treatments applied in the plots were 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg of FTE-12 per hectare, and the tratments applied in the subplots were: T1 (no fertilization), T2 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 540,75 g ha -1 of Fe, 394,17 g ha -1 of Mn, 182,7 g ha -1 of Zn, 150,57 g ha -1 of Cu e 100,8 g ha -1 of B), T3 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 1081,5 g ha - 1 of Fe, 788,34 g ha -1 of Mn, 365,4 g of Zn, 301,14 g of Cu e 201,6 g of B) and T4 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 2163,0 g ha -1 of Fe, 1182,51 g ha -1 of Mn, 548,1 g ha -1 of Zn, 451,71 g ha -1 of Cu e 302,4 g ha -1 of B) in the nutrient solution, taking as standard the modified Murashige and Skoog nutrient solution (1962), applied right after planting (0 days) and then 90 days, 180 days and 270 days after planting (DAP). Plant height, leaf area, plant dry matter, root dry weight, root/shoot ratio, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, liquid assimilation rate and the leaf concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn , and B were all evaluated in both experiments. The results showed that the applications of micronutrients did influence positively the vegetative of the plants over time, so that the highest dose of fertilizer either with FTE-12 or with foliar fertilization showed the best development at the 270th day after planting, without, however, reaching a point of maximum. In other words, the maximal doses granted higher values for the monitored plant growth variables, but did not reach a maximum point, indicating that the culture could respond positively to even higher doses of micronutrients.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Foliar fertilizing has become very significant, in recent years, due to the necessity of supplying crops with micronutrients, especially crops of high economic value such as pineapple. We evaluated the vegetative performance and micronutrient absorption by the Victoria (cv) pineapple, under escalating levels of nutrients applied through foliar fertilizing and soil fertilizing and cultivated in soil covered either with waxless carnauba chaff or plastic in the climatic conditions in the PerÃmetro Irrigado Baixo AcaraÃ, state of CearÃ, Brazil . We conducted two field experiments, one in soil covered with black plastic and the other in soil covered with carnauba chaff, arranged in a randomized block design in split-split plot with four levels of fertilization with FTE-12, four levels of foliar fertilization and four time intervals with five replications. The VitÃria (cv) pineapple was grown in double rows spaced 0.9 m x 0.4 m x 0.3 m. The treatments applied in the plots were 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg of FTE-12 per hectare, and the tratments applied in the subplots were: T1 (no fertilization), T2 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 540,75 g ha-1 of Fe, 394,17 g ha-1of Mn, 182,7 g ha-1 of Zn, 150,57 g ha-1 of Cu e 100,8 g ha-1 of B), T3 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 1081,5 g ha- 1 of Fe, 788,34 g ha-1 of Mn, 365,4 g of Zn, 301,14 g of Cu e 201,6 g of B) and T4 (9 foliar fertilizations using a total of 2163,0 g ha-1 of Fe, 1182,51 g ha-1 of Mn, 548,1 g ha-1 of Zn, 451,71 g ha-1 of Cu e 302,4 g ha-1 of B) in the nutrient solution, taking as standard the modified Murashige and Skoog nutrient solution (1962), applied right after planting (0 days) and then 90 days, 180 days and 270 days after planting (DAP). Plant height, leaf area, plant dry matter, root dry weight, root/shoot ratio, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, liquid assimilation rate and the leaf concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn , and B were all evaluated in both experiments. The results showed that the applications of micronutrients did influence positively the vegetative of the plants over time, so that the highest dose of fertilizer either with FTE-12 or with foliar fertilization showed the best development at the 270th day after planting, without, however, reaching a point of maximum. In other words, the maximal doses granted higher values for the monitored plant growth variables, but did not reach a maximum point, indicating that the culture could respond positively to even higher doses of micronutrients. / A adubaÃÃo foliar nos Ãltimos anos vem se tornando bastante expressiva, devido ao suprimento de micronutrientes, principalmente, em culturas de alto valor econÃmico como o abacaxizeiro. Avaliou-se o desempenho vegetativo e a absorÃÃo de micronutrientes pelo abacaxizeiro VitÃria, sob doses crescentes de micronutrientes aplicados via solo e adubaÃÃo foliar cultivado em solo coberto com bagana de carnaÃba e plÃstico nas condiÃÃes climÃticas do PerÃmetro Irrigado Baixo AcaraÃ, CE. Foram conduzidos em campo dois experimentos, um em solo coberto com plÃstico preto e outro com bagana, tomado por um delineamento em blocos casualizados em parcelas subsubdividida, com quatro nÃveis de adubaÃÃo com FTE-12 , quatro nÃveis de adubaÃÃo foliar, e quatro Ãpocas com cinco repetiÃÃes. O abacaxizeiro VitÃria foi cultivado em fileiras duplas no espaÃamento de 0,9 m x 0,4m x 0,3 m. Os tratamentos utilizados nas parcelas foram: 0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1 de FTE-12 e nas subparcelas foram: T1(Sem adubaÃÃo), T2 (9 adubaÃÃes foliares usando um total de 540,75 g ha-1 de Fe, 394,17 g ha-1de Mn, 182,7 g ha-1 de Zn, 150,57 g ha-1 de Cu e 100,8 g ha-1 de B); T3 (9 adubaÃÃes foliares usando um total de 1081,5 g ha-1 de Fe, 788,34 g ha-1 de Mn, 365,4 g de Zn, 301,14 g de Cu e 201,6 g de B) e T4 (9 adubaÃÃes foliares usando um total de 2163,0 g ha-1 de Fe, 1182,51 g ha-1 de Mn, 548,1 g ha-1 de Zn, 451,71 g ha-1 de Cu e 302,4 g ha-1 de B) da soluÃÃo nutritiva, tomando como padrÃo a soluÃÃo nutritiva de Murashige e Skoog modificada (1962), nas Ãpocas de 0, 90, 180 e 270 dias apÃs plantio (DAP). Em ambos os experimentos foram avaliados altura da planta, Ãrea foliar, massa seca da planta, peso seco da raiz, relaÃÃo raiz /parte aÃrea, taxas de crescimento absoluto, relativa e de assimilaÃÃo lÃquida e os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, e B nas folhas. Os resultados demonstraram que as doses de micronutrientes influenciaram de forma positiva o desempenho vegetativo das plantas aolongo do tempo, sendo que a maior dose de adubaÃÃo tanto com FTE-12 quanto com adubaÃÃo foliar apresentou melhor desenvolvimento aos 270 DAP, porÃm, nÃo chegando ao ponto de mÃximo. As doses mÃximas permitiram maiores valores para altura da planta, Ãrea foliar, massa seca da planta, peso seco da raiz, taxas de crescimento absoluto, relativa e de assimilaÃÃo lÃquida e os teores de Fe, Zn, Mn, e B nas folhas, porÃm, nÃo chegando a um ponto de mÃximo, indicando que a cultura responde a doses maiores dos nutrientes.

<p>Svojim sastavom plevica predstavlja veoma<br />atraktivnu sirovinu za proizvodnju enzima. Sa druge<br />strane, dosada&scaron;nja upotreba ovog nusproizvoda<br />prerade žita je bila samo kao hrana za stoku. Stoga<br />se postavlja pitanje mogućnosti dobijanja veće<br />ekonomske i ekolo&scaron;ke dobiti primenom date<br />sirovine za proizvodnju nekog visoko vrednog<br />proizvoda, kao &scaron;to su enzimi, uz valorizaciju ostalih<br />izlaznih tokova procesa sa ciljem postizanja<br />koncepta čistije proizvodnje, ondosno koncepta<br />nulte emisije. Upravo simulacioni modeli<br />postrojenja predstavljaju pomoćnu alatku za<br />izvođenje ekonomske analize i drugih proračuna<br />vezanih za bioproces, a bitnih za projektovanje. Za<br />potrebe generisanja ovakvih modela, a kasnije i<br />kontrolu samog bioprocesa, nužno je poznavati<br />matematičke modele i njihove parametre vezane za<br />dati proces. Utvrđivanje ovih matematičkih<br />jednačina ima smisla samo kada se bioproces izvodi<br />pod optimalnim uslovima. Da bi se proces<br />optimizovao neophodno je detaljno proučavanje<br />proizvodnje enzima kultivacijom nusproizvoda<br />preradežita pri različitim procesnim parametrima</p> / <p>With its composition wheat chaff represents a very<br />attractive raw material for the production of<br />enzymes. On the other hand, the previous use of<br />this by-product of wheat processing was just like<br />cattle food. Therefore, the question arises of the<br />possibility of obtaining greater economic and<br />environmental profit by using the raw material for<br />the production of high-value products, such as<br />enzymes, with the valorization of other process<br />outputs in order to achieve the cleaner production<br />concept, i.e. the zero-emission concept. Simulation<br />models of the plant are an auxiliary tool for<br />conducting economic analysis and other<br />bioprocessing budgets, which are important for<br />designing. For the purposes of generating such<br />models, and later controlling the bioprocess itself,<br />it is necessary to know the mathematical models<br />and their parameters related to the given process.<br />Determining these mathematical equations makes<br />sense only when the bioprocess is performed<br />under optimal conditions. In order to optimize the<br />process it is necessary to study the enzyme<br />production in detail by cultivating by-products of<br />grain processing in different process parameters.</p>

The data presented in this thesis are the results obtained from a study of the F2 and F3 generations from a cross between the wheat varieties, Dicklow and Hard Federation. Toward the end of the summer of 1922 this problem was assigned to me by Professor George Stewart. The plants then growing in the field were in the F2 generation, the cross having been made in 1920 by Professor Stewart. The chief purpose of the cross was to improve the grain quality of spring-irrigated wheat by the application of Mendelian principles in such a way as to combine the high-yielding power of Dicklow with the good grain quality of Hard Federation. Before the data obtained in the cross are presented the history, description, and distribution of each parent will be given. This is followed by a brief review of the literature concerning inheritance of three characters in the wheat plant, viz., (1) chaff color, (2) head shape, and (3) grain texture.

Wheat is the most important cereal crop in the world. It is the principal staple food in Russia, United States, China, Canada, India and a number of other countries. Covered smut is one of the most serious disease of wheat all over the world. According to Woolman and Humphrey (82) it was known from very early times and is referred to by Theoprastus and other early Greek Roman writers.

Growing minority cereal crops, including spelt wheat, einkorn wheat and emmer wheat, has seen significant development in recent years, mainly due to the development of organic farming. In the processing of these cereals, the amount of waste material in the form of plows, chaff and spindles fragments, which account for 23-35% of the gross yield, can be used as a material for energy production through direct combustion. In this respect, the higher heating value (Qsr) and the lower heating value (Qu) of spelt wheat was achieved. Spelt wheat also produced the highest gross yield (26,41 GJ ha-1) and the highest amount of waste material (33,23 %).

Varje år produceras mer än 10 miljoner ton kaffe i världen (www.ico.org) och Sverige är världens näst störst kaffedrickande nation med ca 80 ton kaffe på år, vilket motsvarar i snitt 3,5 koppar kaffe per person dagligen (www.kaffeinformation.se). Med en stor produktion tillkommer också en stor mängd avfall. När kaffebönor rostas får man ett restmaterial av kaffebönans skall, så kallad kaffechaff. I denna studie undersöks om detta spillmaterial vid kafferosterier kan få ett mervärde genom material driven design. Syftet är att minska avfall och skapa ett nytt material. Arbetet rör sig i områdena materialitet och hållbar utveckling och metod används Material Driven Design method (Karana et al., 2015) samt Material Driven Design for Sustainability (Bak-Andersen, 2018). Resultatet blev tre olika biologiskt nedbrytbara material, bland annat ett som kan användas som till engångsartiklar eller förpackningsmaterial. Studien visar på möjligheter att ge mervärde på restprodukter inom kafferosteri och skulle kunna användas som möjligt underlag till att se om spill från andra industrier skulle kunna få ett mervärde. / Every year, more than 10 million tonnes of coffee are produced in the world (www.ico.org) and Sweden is the world’s second largest coffee drinking nation with about 80 tonnes of coffee a year, which corresponds to an average of 3.5 cups of coffee per person daily (www.kaffeinformation.se). With a large production there is also a large amount of waste. When coffee beans are roasted, you get a residual material from the coffee bean shell, so-called coffee chaff. In this study, this waste material are investigate whether it can get added value through material driven design. The purpose is to reduce waste and create new material. The work moves in the areas of materiality and sustainable development, and the method is the Material Driven Design method (Karana et al., 2015) and Material Driven Design for Sustainability (Bak-Andersen, 2018). The result was three biodegradable materials, including one that can be used as a disposable or packaging material. The study shows opportunities to add value to residual products within coffee roasters and could be used as a possible basis to see if waste from other industries could gain added value.