This study investigates the potential benefits and challenges of using layer 3 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) configuration commands. Although any other type of layers 3 devices could have been used in this study, only Cisco routers and multilayer switches are considered. The study is conducted using a simulator called Graphical Network Simulator-3 (GNS3). Even though real Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) software is reliably used in this simulator, an avoidable limitation of this method involves not using this software on real routers and multilayer switches. However, it has been found that contrary to Cisco documentation, using the outgoing local interface as next hop address causes IPv6 static routing not to work; it only works when the neighbouring global unicast address is used as the next hop address. Other findings show that when static addresses are configured with Routing Information Protocol Next Generation (RIPng), Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol version 6 (EIGRPv6) or Open Shortest Path First version 3 (OSPFv3), RIPng has the best round-trip time (RTT), while OSPFv3 gives the best traceroute results. Likewise, 64-bit Extended Unique Identifier (EUI-64) addresses produce better RTT and traceroute results with RIPng than with EIGRPv6 and OSPFv3. Nonetheless, one challenge for RIPng involves failure to start the RIPng process by misconfiguring the ipv6 router rip name and ipv6 rip name enable commands. The benefit of EIGRPv6 is that its RTT is faster than that of OSPFv3 and even if the router identifiers (router-ids) are configured the same on all the routers, the EIGRPv6 process still works well. However, configuring different autonomous system numbers and failing to configure the "no shutdown" or router-id commands results in routing challenges. On the other hand, configuring the same router-id on different layer 3 devices causes OSPFv3 not to work. In spite of this challenge, when OSPFv3 is used with Hot Standby Router Protocol version 2 (HSRPv2), it generates faster RTT than EIGRPv6 and RIPng. However, the success rate of OSPFv3 for failover time of the active router to the standby router is 4% lower than EIGRPv6. In comparison to Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), configuring of static and EUI-64 address commands is a very challenging task, because of the hexadecimal nature of IPv6 addresses. Despite this challenge, one benefit of these commands is the ability to use slash notation such as /64 for the prefix length. When used on dual stack commands, static addresses give better native router processing performance with no encapsulation overheads. However, configuring these addresses on dual stack commands in large networks is a challenge. With regard to manual IPv6 tunnelling, configuring the tunnel interface addresses in the same network and failure to configure the tunnel mode ipv6ip command, prevents this technique from working. Although IPv6 static Network Address Translation-Protocol Translation (NAT-PT) commands are easy to configure and to troubleshoot, the NAT-PT router raises the challenge of being a single point of failure in the network. On the whole, given these benefits and challenges, implementing IPv6 in industrial networks should not be scary. The results of this study are useful guidelines on how to efficiently design and configure IPv6 networks in a smooth way. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / MEng / Unrestricted

MCur / Department of Advanced Nursing Science / Introduction: During the provision of care to preterm babies, midwives encounter many problems and challenges which may vary according to the gestational age of the women, condition of the foetus, availability of equipment and resources, and experience of the midwives. In addition, poor working conditions, feelings of insecurity, staff shortage, and lack of support from the management and having to deal with parents who do not comply with the hospital management plan for their babies; all contribute to the problems faced by midwives. The purpose of this study was to determine challenges encountered by midwives when providing care to preterm neonates at selected hospitals in the Mopani District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methods: Qualitative research in this study was conducted in a natural setting at the selected hospitals. The target population was the midwives who have been working in maternity wards for at least two years and were on duty during the period of data collection. Non-random purposive sampling was used to select the participants. Data were collected using unstructured interviews, which were tape recorded and transcribed. The six steps as described by Creswell were used for data analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured by using the model of Lincoln & Guba that included credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability. Ethical principles, namely, permission to conduct the study, informed consent from participants, privacy, confidentiality, autonomy, anonymity and respect were observed. Results: When midwives provide care to preterm babies they often encounter multiple challenges which can be human or material resource related. In his study, midwives were found to perform their duties in the face of multiple challenges, including staff vi shortages, which resulted in exhaustion of the available midwives. Nursing a preterm baby is a challenge on its own as these babies are likely to develop clinical problems related to immaturity, e.g., hypoglycaemia, hypothermia, jaundice, sepsis and respiratory distress. Mothers may be traumatised and find it difficult to accept their babies as they are, this leads to lack of cooperation in the care of the neonate and it becomes a problem for the midwives who are directly providing such care. The aforementioned challenges are related to all the four major concepts of human caring as described by Jean Watson which are health, human being, nursing and environment. Recommendations: It is recommended that further research be conducted on the same topic, but in a different setting to generate more knowledge. Policy makers should work together with health care professionals who are directly involved in the care of preterm babies to improve the practice of the contents in the policies. / NRF

This study was designed to understand the experiences of multiracial faculty at a public, four-year university in the United States, including the challenges and supports that may affect their role and responsibilities within academia. Another objective of this research study was to center the voices of multiracial faculty. While there is much research on faculty of color, research specifically on multiracial faculty is limited, indicating an even greater need to explore the experiences of this population. This qualitative, phenomenological study utilized semi-structured interviews with six, multiracial faculty members. This study’s findings have implications for institutional policies and practices regarding faculty culture and environment in order to create a more inclusive and supportive environment on college campuses. Common themes were found throughout the interviews. Participants discussed how they began to understand their multiracial identity as children and how their identity is perceived in their current role as faculty members. Participants also mentioned the importance of mentorship, supportive colleagues and students, and diversity within their departments. These were all indicators for a positive, welcoming departmental climate and culture. Lack of support and diversity created a challenging departmental work environment. Implications for policy and practice are discussed in Chapter Five, including ways to improve the faculty experience for multiracial faculty members.

Background: Advances in new technologies like the Internet of Things, Big Data, and Cloud Computing are opening up new possibilities for manufacturing firms. The extent of these changes is expected to be far-reaching leading researchers to proclaim the fourth industrial revolution a priori. Within this development, Industry 4.0 presents the concept of how manufacturing firms want to meet these changes and benefit from newly created possibilities. However, while the technological aspects leading the introduction of Industry 4.0 have been subject to many studies, the managerial aspects on how to lead such an implementation have so far mostly been neglected. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the managerial challenges that companies might face when implementing Industry 4.0 and to draw conclusions on how they could be met. Method: Our empirical study included a range of qualitative methods. After following a sampling strategy, semi-structured interviews were conducted with researchers, consultants, and plant managers located in Western countries. All collected data were transcribed, open coded and analysed using grounded analysis. Conclusions: While managing people to welcome and embrace new processes as well as leading projects in general has been described in the literature concerning change and project management to some extent, we broaden this knowledge by providing a new Industry 4.0 related perspective and describe possible adaptations to meet the special characteristics of the concept. Further, we elaborated on how the right mindset of top management can influence implementation efforts. On top of the managerial issues described, we added an organisational perspective to the knowledge in the field, making first attempts at describing how a structural framework supporting the implementation could look like. Finally, we investigate how current ways of working might be affected by the implementation of Industry 4.0 and how these might change.

Title Communication challenges perceived by leaders of different sized virtual teams, and how they are managed: Experiences from leaders within Swedish organizations Authors Daniella Larsson & Matilda Wahlgren Level Master thesis, 30 credits Key words Virtual teams, Communication challenges, Virtual leadership Background The recent years’ rapid technological development has made it possible to communicate solely through technological channels, and thus enabled organizations to implement virtual teams into their businesses. Virtual teams are allowing organizations to have the most qualified members in their teams, regardless of their geographical location. New ways of working entails for new challenges, not least regarding communication. Awareness of these challenges, and how they can be managed, provide the prerequisites to succeed with the virtual leadership. Research Questions Which communication challenges do leaders, of different sized virtual teams within Swedish organizations, perceive? How do the leaders manage the perceived communication challenges? Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe and understand leaders' perception and management of communication challenges in leading different sized virtual teams within Swedish organizations. Further, the aim is to broaden the academic field of virtual teams by adding valuable contributions to the scarce research. This, by suggesting a developed theoretical framework, based on the experiences from leaders within Swedish organizations. Method The study follows a qualitative research method and abductive approach. Semi-structured interviews with twelve leaders of different sized virtual teams were executed. The chosen organizations are of various industries to retain generalizability. Frame of Reference Four theoretical blocks constitute the frame of reference. The first block is leadership, which includes e-leadership and competencies. The second block is group development theories, with insights from two different approaches. The third grouping, communication, involves theories both regarding conventional and virtual teams. The fourth and final provides insights regarding trust. Findings The findings of this study show that all virtual leaders perceive communication challenges within their leadership. The identified challenges are teambuilding and relationship creation, miscommunication, inclusion, performance follow-ups, communication overload and technology. The findings also reveal that the identified challenges are managed in different ways. Further, some deviances were found, regarding how the leaders perceive and manage these communication challenges, depending on the team’s size.

This study aims to look at the challenges faced by women of low socio-economic status in exiting sex work, in a South African context where gender-based violence is normalized and widespread. In doing so, this research applies principles of feminist theory to create a contextualized understanding of the process of exit. Two focus groups, with a total of 18 non-transgendered women were conducted in an informal setting, resulting in an open-ended discussion around these challenges. These interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. The categories and themes emerging from this analysis were past trauma, motherhood, partnerships, social support, economic necessity, employment and gossip. These themes are permeated by a pattern of escapism. This pattern exemplifies their disempowerment and lack of agency, which is symptomatic of the gender oppression pervading their lives. The results of this research will be used to draw up a policy in collaboration with the NGO Embrace Dignity, for parliament, to initiate legal reform relating to sex work.

Background: Climate change is a significant factor shaping the planet and changing the pattern of disasters which leads to direct and indirect consequences. The result is a huge amount of affected people who rely on humanitarian aid. The satisfaction of this need is the responsibility of disaster management. Only little research about the relation of disaster management and climate change was done so far but would be of utmost importance as climate change is one main obstacle for efficient humanitarian work and disaster management design, in return, affects the resilience and vulnerability of disaster-prone areas. Purpose: This thesis paper investigates the interconnectedness of climate change and disaster management. It has the purpose to explore how humanitarian actors in the scientific and operational sector of disaster management experience the impact of climate change and which preventive adaptation strategies they identify to cope with climate-related challenges. Method: The methodology is based on a relativistic ontology and follows social constructionism as epistemology. A multiple case study within the scope of a qualitative inductive approach was conducted by contrasting scientific and operational experts’ opinions about the role of climate change in the disaster management context. Primary data were gathered in the form of semi-structured interviews by applying the typical case sampling. The selected method of data analysis is the content analysis approach. Conclusion: The results show that climate change consequences can be determined as a highly relevant factor shaping disaster management by intensifying general disaster management challenges. To adjust to this development, adaptation strategies have to be established and should follow a holistic approach. The main adaptation strategies identified are localization, forecast-based financing and superior data analysis in combination with enhanced information management showing major effects if applied within prevention and preparedness. Restricting factors in adaptation are lacking resources, coordination and communication problems and an insufficient flexibility level of systems and tools. Technology application, data analysis and forecasting, as well as lessons learnt instead can be seen as facilitating factors to overcome the challenges and barriers.

Ready-made garment (RMG) industry is the biggest and most importantindustry of Bangladesh with the highest overall export earnings and foreigncurrency earnings in the country. And international market is the biggestexporting destination for Bangladesh RMG industry. However, the overallcondition of this sector does not look well recently. Research suggests thathundreds of garment factories have been shut down during the past few yearsdue to not coping up with the different challenges of internationalization,although the overall export earnings remain relatively unchanged. Therefore,the authors conducted this research to identify and present in-depthknowledge about the major challenges that Bangladesh RMG industry arefacing while internationalizing and operating in foreign markets in recentyears, as the author believes these challenges could be the possible reasonsthat forcing RMG SMEs to shut down their operations.This research aims to identify the internationalization challenges forBangladesh RMG companies in international markets. Suchinternationalization challenges focusing on international markets have notbeen studied much previously and thus have created a knowledge gap.Therefore, this study addresses such a knowledge gap by answering thefollowing research question: What is the process of Internationalization of Bangladesh RMGcompanies? What are the internationalization challenges faced by the BangladeshRMG companies? How do the RMG companies manage the challenges they face?Empirical data was gathered by interviewing respondents from three RMGcompanies in Bangladesh and through secondary data sources. The findingsof this study show that Bangladesh RMG companies internationalize rapidlywithin a couple of years from inception. The study also identified somemajor internationalization challenges such as competition, major industrialaccidents, Infrastruture, etc. Moreover, network relastionships are found tobe essential in Bangladesh RMG companies‘ internationalization. Theauthors then analyzed the findings by applying previous literature and theirown created conceptual framework. Furthermore, this research providestheoretical and managerial implications on this essential topic. Key words: Competition, Exporting, Internationalization, Internationalization challenges,Infrastructures, Networking, Readymade Garment (RMG) Industry.

Bakgrund: Fysioterapeuter verksamma inom kvinnors hälsa har god kunskap om rörelse- och stödjeapparaten med kompetens att bland annat bedöma bäckenbottenmuskulatur, stödja återgång till fysisk aktivitet och finnas som stöd- och rådgivare. Sveriges Kommuner och Regioner menar att tillgången till fysioterapeutisk kompetens inom kvinnors hälsa bör förbättras. Det saknas i dagsläget studier på svenska fysioterapeuters uppfattningar om sin roll i eftervården efter förlossning. Syfte och frågeställning: Syftet var att undersöka hur fysioterapeuter verksamma inom kvinnors hälsa och som träffar postgravida kvinnor i sitt arbete uppfattar sin roll i eftervården efter förlossning. Design och metod: Studien var av kvalitativ deskriptiv design och dess innehåll baserades på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem legitimerade fysioterapeuter verksamma inom kvinnors hälsa. Datan analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fyra kategorier och 14 underkategorier identifierades under databearbetningsprocessen. Kategorierna kom att heta Fysioterapeuten som stöd- och rådgivare i eftervården, Fysioterapeutens unika bäckenbottenkompetens, Framtidens eftervård samt Utmaningar för fysioterapeuten i eftervården. Inom dessa kategorier framkom beskrivningar om fysioterapeutens roll kring att stödja återgång till fysisk aktivitet, utmaningar kring att nå ut till patienterna samt önskemål om att erbjuda rutinuppföljning hos fysioterapeut. Konklusion: De intervjuade fysioterapeuterna uppfattade att sin roll i eftervården efter förlossning innefattar att vara emotionellt stöd, att vara stöd-och rådgivare och att de har en unik bäckenbottenkompetens med möjlighet att individualisera bäckenbottenträning. De upplevde att kvinnohälsa bortprioriteras, att det saknas kompetens inom området och att samarbetet med andra professioner var utmanande. Det framkom även att fysioterapeuterna önskar kunna erbjuda rutinuppföljningar efter förlossning. / Background: Physiotherapists active in women's health have good knowledge of the musculoskeletal system with the competence to, among other things, assess pelvic floor muscles, support return to physical activity and be available as support and counselors. Sweden's municipalities and regions believe that access to physiotherapeutic competence in women's health should be improved. There is currently a lack of studies on Swedish physiotherapists' perceptions of their role in aftercare after childbirth. Aim: The aim was to investigate how physiotherapists working with women's health and who meet post-pregnant women in their work perceives their role in aftercare after childbirth.Design and method: The study was of qualitative descriptive design and its content is based on semi-structured interviews with five licensed physiotherapists active in women's health. The data has been analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results: Four categories and 14 subcategories were identified during the data processing process. The categories came to be called the Physiotherapist as a support and advisor in aftercare, the Physiotherapist's unique pelvic floor competence, Future aftercare and Challenges for the physiotherapist in aftercare. Within these categories, descriptions emerged about the physiotherapist's role in supporting return to physical activity, challenges in reaching out to patients and wishes to offer routine follow-up to a physiotherapist. Conclusion: The interviewed physiotherapists perceive that their role in aftercare after childbirth includes being emotional support, being a support and counselor and that they have a unique pelvic floor competence with the opportunity to individualize pelvic floor muscle training. They feel that women's health is de-prioritized, that there is a lack of competence in this subject and that they find collaboration with other professions challenging. It also emerged that the physiotherapists wish to be able to offer routine follow-ups after childbirth.

Background: Since the conception of DevOps several tools have come into existence that eases its implementation. A variety of these tools are used to implement a standard DevOps pipeline. The process of selection of these tools and the interactions between them is called tool integration. Objectives: This thesis aims to address and solve the various tool integration challenges faced during the DevOps implementation. The primary goal is to identify the tool integration challenges that occur while implementing a standard DevOps pipeline with the help of feedback from experienced DevOps practitioners. After identifying these challenges, the possible mitigation strategies to these challenges are devised by analyzing the responses received from a large population of DevOps practitioners. Methods: Survey is chosen as the research methods for this thesis. Two data collection methods have used for implementing the survey namely interviews and survey questionnaire. Major tool integration Challenges are identified from the analyzed interview data. Using these challenges as inputs a survey questionnaire is prepared for gaining insights on occurrences of these challenges in large population of DevOps practitioners. The main aim of the survey questionnaire is to find out the mitigation strategies to these challenges by analysing the survey responses. Results: The tool integration challenges were identified by conducting semi-structured interviews with eight DevOps practitioners. Seven common challenges have been identified from the interview data using the Immersion approach. A survey questionnaire prepared by using these challenges received 79 responses in total, out of which62 are considered. Using Thematic Analysis the mitigation strategies for these challenges have been extracted from the responses of the survey.Conclusions. Most of the tool integration challenges reported by the interview participants seem to be associated with CI tools when they are integrated and used together with other DevOps tools. Most of the mitigation strategies are aimed towards the "Tool" theme among the various themes found in thematic analysis of survey data.