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Thesis--Princeton. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 440-454).

Marguerite Duras (1914-1996) et Eileen Chang (1920-1995), deux écrivaines du 20e siècle, ont des sources spécifiques d’inspiration : Duras, née en Indochine ; Chang, née à Shanghai. Enfance et expérience familiale constituent l’arrière-plan de la plupart de leurs œuvres. Les mondes que décrivent ces œuvres sont, en conséquence, définies par la douleur et par la souffrance – soit personnelle, soit collective. Le thème familial l’emporte dans les romans de chacun des écrivains. Il permet d’offrir une lecture psychanalytique de bien des romans des deux écrivains, et de les commenter selon le roman familial qui caractérise Duras et Chang. Mais l’enfant et les secrets de la famille, l’importance de l’image de la mère, ne sont pas le seul arrière-plan de l’œuvre de Duras et de Chang. Les deux écrivaines sont conscientes des conditions sociales et politiques qui prévalent et de la situation des femmes. En conséquence, une lecture psychanalytique des deux écrivaines ne doit pas ignorer ces conditions et la lucidité de chacune des écrivaines. Il doit rendre compte du lien entre l’histoire familiale et l’aptitude des deux écrivaines à traiter de questions plus larges. / Marguerite Duras (1914-1996) and Eileen Chang (1920-1995), two women writers of the 20th century show specific sources for their inspiration : Duras – was from Indochina, and Chang – was from Shanghai; childhood and family experiences offer the background of most of their works. The worlds they describe are consequently defined by pain and suffering – either individual or collective. The family theme prevails in the works of both writers. It allows to offer a psychoanalytic reading of many of their novels of each writer, and to comment them by reference to the family romance which characterizes Duras and Chang. But childhood, family secrets, importance of the mother image, etc., are not the only background of Duras and Chang’s works. Both writers were fully aware of the political and social conditions which prevailed, and of the women’s situation. Consequently, the psychoanalytic reading of both writers should not neglect these conditions and the lucidity of both writers. This reading should account for the connection between the family history of both writers and their ability to address broader issues.

I denna studie utförs en närmare analys av Maurice Ravels violinsonat no 2 med fokus på andra satsen, Blues. Det som undersöks är sammanförandet av olika genrer och huruvida Ravels Blues är en autentisk blues, samt hur jag som interpret tolkar verket. I processen av min egen tolkning av verket har jag valt att även analysera Janine Jansens och Sarah Changs interpretationer av andra satsen, för att kunna positionera min tolkning gentemot dem.

The Christian Writing in Chang Show-Foong's Literary Works Abstract Since the 19th century, Christian brings some degree of influence on modern Chinese literature. Chinese literati subsumed the terms and spirit of Christianity in their works. They achieved the development of Chinese Christian literature. Chang Show-Foong is one of Modern Chinese literature writers, whose literature works are outstanding in weight and depth. Her text is full of Christian faith dimension, attempting to manifest the thought of Christian. In the context of Chinese literature, her writings of Jesus Christ is her interpretation of the Christian faith. It is her experience as a Christian in person. This thesis uses Chang Show-Foong's literature as a subject of study. Probing into the depth and breadth of the Christian faith, I expound and explore her literary and artistic creation, and finds that her writings of Christ are unique and ground-breaking, digging out the apocalypse and artistry on literature. This thesis is divided into six chapters¡G Chapter 1 preface¡GTo describe the motivation, purpose, scope, term definition, methods, procedures, and the theology premise of Christian literature. Chapter 2 Chang Show-Foong who elucidate Christ's ethics¡GTo explore faith, hope and love that Chang Show-Foong interpret in Chinese situation on the exposition of humanity and divinity and the people to pray, repent, obey, serve to God. Chapter 3 Chang Show-Foong of the " Bible " of the use of text¡GTo explore the absorption, utilization on the" Bible "story¡Bword by Chang Show-Foong and explore the Chang Show-Foong follow up and expansion of the epistolary and the prayer of the " Bible ". Chapter 4 Chang Show-Foong inherited aesthetics of Christ¡GDivided into three parts to explore the beauty of natural¡Bthe beauty of human and the beauty of artistic. Chapter 5 Chang Show-Foong's the way of practice¡G To explore the course of the Gospel of Christ which Chang Show-Foong resoundes. Chapter 6 conclusion¡GA summarize interpretation of the research results of this thesis, in order to establish Chang Show-Foong's position and contribution of Chinese Christian literature history.

Pa-Chang River is in Southwestern Taiwan. It originates from Fenchihu, Alishan and flows between Chiayi County and Tainan County. Its total length is 81 kilometer and total basin area is 475 square kilometer. The natural forest communities are mostly in the upper section and fragmentarily spread in the small areas that locate between farms or in complicated topography, e.g. steep slope, area difficult to reach. It is necessary to make inventory and research about these natural forest communities now to gather sufficient vegetation data which will be served as basic reference in the future local environmental management. This study is to investigate and analyze the species composition of broad-leaved forest vegetation in the upper section of Pa-Chang River. The analysis results of the vegetation data by detrended correspondence analysis¡]DCA¡^ and two-way indicator species analysis¡]TWINSPAN¡^classified the sampling plots into four forest types: I. Litsea hypophaea forest type The range of elevation is 743~1003 m. The topographic position is mainly in ridge and upper slope. II. Ficus irisana -Dendrocnide meyeniana forest type The range of elevation is 381~825 m¡CThe topographic position is mainly in lower slope and valley. III. Machilus japonica var. kusanoi -Ficus fistulosa forest type The range of elevation is 764~1229 m¡C IV. Prunus phaeosticta forest type The range of elevation is 1559~1804 m. The topographic position is mainly in upper slope. The study of correlations among environmental gradients and ordination axes indicated that the elevation is the most important environmental factor affecting the vegetation composition and distribution. Topographic position also has obvious influence on vegetation. In addition, the study of population structure shows that regeneration is continuous in present broad-leaved forest, but the forest is also continuously disturbed by artificial activities. The area of natural forest in this area might continuously be decreased, so it is important to gather sufficient vegetation data in time.

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CHANG, HSIAO-FENG who was famous for her essays in the mid and late 1960s has enjoyed an excellent reputation for her works and has been well-known author of a number of books for her wide-ranging artistic creation field. Especially, the achievement of her lyrical essays is remarkable with both qualities of rationality and sensibility, the style of the work is most changeful; she has many works which are imaginative and flexible language utilization; the materials of her works are diverse and the essence of her thought is rich in humane concerns. Her works not only can derive the advantages from the classic traditional cultures but also present the appearance of modern literature. In addition to the tender and sensitiveness, as a woman writer, her writing is of lightheartedness and vigor. A unique style of her essays assures her unique status in Taiwanese literary circles. The thesis sets out to study those lyrical essays which had ever been published from 1966 to 2003. First of all, we will provide an objective look at the external factors such as the experience of the writer, the characteristics of literature, and the conditions of her lyrical essays creation in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding on the features of her works. At last, we sum up and clear out the plentiful content of her works which is full of the effects of the artistic achievements on her literary skills. Hoping that the unique meaning and value of CHANG, HSIAO-FENG's lyrical essays in Taiwan literary circles can be identified. This thesis consists of five chapters: Chapter One is ¡§Introduction¡¨ which presents the motives, objectives, the review of the previous studies, the definition of ¡§lyrical essays¡¨, and the establishment of the research scope as well as the research method. Chapter Two is the general discussion of CHANG, HSIAO-FENG and her lyrical essays. We will focus on an all-dimensional discussion of her life experience and divide her life into three stages to indicate that how the life experience influence her works and to explore her own endeavors in engaging in both of creation and editing and the results. This is the preparation for discussing her works. Secondly, we explore the concept of literature. We describe her idea and principle on the literature and creation relating to the discussion of her works as the foundation of cross reference. Moreover, this paper tries to give a general overview of her essay topics and the change of the styles of works at different stages. Chapter Three. ¡§Evolution of her works.¡¨ We review and summarize the content of lyrical essays at different stages. This thesis aims to explore and analyze from three aspects to present the status of her emotions and a broad perspectives on human concerns of CHANG, HSIAO-FENG. Chapter Four. ¡§Artistic Skills.¡¨ We review her lyrical essays and put her great achievements on the artistic skills in order synthetically. With the investigations from four aspects, we sense the outstanding artistic achievements on the skills of the lyrical essays. Chapter Five is ¡§Conclusion¡¨. The author briefly summarizes the critics and suggestions in previous studies from chapter one to four. We place the meaning and value of CHANG, HSIAO-FENG¡¦s essays in the objective and fair positioning. The writer brings out the suggestive guideline for the research workers in the future.

Abstract After joining WTO, the domestic architecture market has been developing freely and internationalizedly. And this is an impact for the environment of architect business office.Hence, facing graduatedly large, complex, and complicated technologically intergrated engineer, architects are little by little accessed that it seemed negative influences on futher business once they did nothing for the demands of rapid changing environment. Finally, they will find the solutions to overcome the hard time through improving, downsizing, emerging with other companies or other ways to change the types of organizations. Case study was implemented in this thesis to find the key factors of business continuity through understanding the development patterns of the H.H Chang Architect & Partners Co. and propose the practicable suggestions for the futures after the dead of H.H Chang. There are other four partners interviewed, and that took around six hours. The conclusions are as below, First, they have conventionally stabilized business style. Selection is the first step of shaping the organization indentity. To selection good and proper persons as partners is key to business continuity. They have common personalities of pursuing the stable life and emphasizing the ethics and this had an huge influence on turn over rate of theis company. Besides, the systems which were established by HH Chang are never being questioned and adjusted, and the influence power still exists even he left the TMT (Top Management Team). Excellent systems help them overcome the valley of business recycles. Second, the business continuity is the core value they own. HH Chang has never been taking the company as his own asset. Instead, one thing he only cares is business continuity, and that is the system of public fund for daily operation expenses. This system has been thoroughly implemented and lasted for 35 years. Finally, social responsibility is their business goal.The establishment and continuity of public fund is not only kind of bussiness stability and continuity but also can be seen as social responsibility and employee care. Besides, they also provide better offers to emplyees in this field to attract excellent peple to join them. Key word¡GHH Chang Architect& Partners Co. Business continuity