This thesis is a study of Parties as an outflow of societal changes where the aim has been to find out how parties are affected by societal changes and how they justify to new party formation. This is done by using a theory called Parties as an outflow of societal changes which is a theory developed by Swedish researchers in Political Science. To confirm the theory it is necessary to do an argumentation analysis of one external developed party’s electoral program. In this case the party selected is Feminist Initiative which brings a different view on how the society of Sweden should look like. Selected parts of the argumentative analysis will be examined with the purpose to give a perspective on how Feminist Initiative values the changes in society and how they describe their role as a new party. The main question of this study is; Are new parties an outflow of societal changes? The basic arguments includes that along with societal changes in Western Europe also changes the view of a representative democracy in which political parties play a central role. It is clear that societies have changed in different ways with the rampage of the globalization. Media’s role in the political realm has also increased and influences more in society. In the case of Sweden political parties have raised with different ideals, goals and visions of how Swedish society should look like. The result should confirm the thesis that changes in society contributes to party formation.

The structure, potential energy functions and vibrational spectra of several cyclic and bicyclic molecules have been investigated using several spectroscopic techniques and high-level ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Laser induced fluorescence and Raman spectroscopies were used to study the conformation of 2- indanol in the electronic ground and excited states. These, along with detailed ab initio calculations, confirmed the existence of four different stable conformations with the one undergoing an intermolecular hydrogen bonding being the most stable. A theoretical two-dimensional surface in terms of the ring-puckering and the hydroxyl group internal rotation vibrations was constructed. This work was extended to obtain preliminary insights on the conformations and ring-puckering frequencies of 3-cyclopenten-1-ol using ab initio and DFT calculations. Infrared and Raman spectra were also utilized to study the structures and vibrational spectra of -crotonolactone and 2,3-cyclopentenopyridine (pyrindan). Ab initio results showed that -crotonolactone is rigidly planar in the electronic ground state and has a nearly harmonic ring-puckering potential function. The calculated vibrational levels were shown to be in very good agreement with the experimental ring-puckering frequency from vapor-phase Raman observations. The structures, vibrational spectra, and potential energy functions of several cyclic molecules were reinvestigated using high-level ab initio computations, and detailed vibrational analyses based on DFT-B3LYP calculated frequencies were also carried out. A number of new insights were presented by re-evaluating the available experimental data for several cyclopentenes, silacyclobutanes and silacyclopentenes. It was found that the vibrational spectra of some deuterated cyclopentenes possess extensive coupling between several ring modes and other low-frequency modes. Reassignments of these spectra have been proposed. Frequencies from DFT-B3LYP calculations showed very good agreement with the experimental values for silacyclobutane and its derivatives. The presence of silicon and halogen atoms did not affect the accuracy of the DFT calculations. In addition, the ring-puckering potential energy function for silacyclopent-2-ene was studied and alternative assignments of the far-infrared results were proposed. The new assignments are in good agreement with computational results. Silacyclopent-2-ene and its -1,1-d2 isotopomer were shown to be slightly puckered with barriers of less than 50 cm-1.

The focus of this paper is to examine information communication technologies (ICTs), organizational changes, R&D, and collaboration through econometric regression analysis. We concern about the impact of the sunrise biotechnology industry in emerging developed economy of Taiwan. This paper investigate the determinants of organizational changes, and complementary relationship between ICT labors, ICTs, and organizational change and study the determinant model of the most important topics, R&D and collaboration, which display biotechnology¡¦s characteristics.

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With climate change arising as an important issue in the 21th century, many states have been working diligently to develop climate action plans with the hopes of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and stop climate change from occurring. According to scientists' theories, however, many places across the globe are already feeling the effects of a changing climate and must therefore switch their focus from mitigation to adaptation. In the United States, there has been a focus on how climate change will impact one of the most vulnerable parts of the country, the transportation infrastructure. Many countries have already begun adapting their transportation infrastructure to climate change including the United States. This thesis focuses on how states are adapting to climate change by analyzing strategies, frameworks, and reports released by these states in order to document where they stand in regards to adaptation of the transportation network. The states that are adapting their transportation infrastructure are Washington, Oregon, California, Hawaii, Alaska, Florida, North Carolina, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, and Maine. There is also a brief summary of how Canada and the United Kingdom are preparing for climate change with an analysis of frameworks and strategies used to adapt their transportation infrastructure. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to provide engineers and policymakers with evidence that several states are implementing adaptation into transportation projects and provide a variety of strategies for them to use in their own state. Specifically, this report provides applications of adaptation for Georgia to use, so that they can begin the lengthy process of adapting their transportation infrastructure to climate change.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Arizona, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences économiques : Université Nancy 2 : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. Index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 202-224). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-148).

Thesis (M.Sc.(Hons.))--Victoria University of Wellington, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.