Over the last several decades, the majority of the Greenland outlet glaciers have accelerated due to the increased warming in both the atmosphere and the oceans around the polar latitudes. While there is a clear overall acceleration trend over this period, there is significant variability in the glacier responses to climate on seasonal and year-to-year timescales. This variability observed around Greenland is very likely tied to the differences in internal dynamics of individual glaciers and the complex interaction with its local environment. Here I investigate the interaction between ice and water along the ice base as an important mechanism contributing to the observed variability among glaciers in Greenland. I use a range of modeling and radar sounding approaches to study the subglacial hydrology for three types of outlet glaciers, including slow moving, marine terminating glaciers in the west, a land-terminating system in the southwest, and a fast moving, marine-terminating glacier in northern Greenland. These case studies allow me to characterize the basal water distribution, its variability throughout the year and how this drainage behavior varies across different regions of Greenland. To start, I use a hydrological routing model to characterize the subglacial hydrology for three neighboring slow moving (< 100myr−1), marine terminating glaciers in western Greenland. The hydrologic model allows me to examine the sensitivity of basal water routing to subtle changes in basal water pressures. My results reveal that Greenland subglacial drainage can be rerouted across 100’s of km in response to changes in basal water pressures as small as 10%. I conclude that water piracy and subsequent dramatic changes in ice velocity, similar to that observed around the Siple Coast in West Antarctica, can occur in Greenland. Next, I move to a more data-orientated approach and use airborne radar sounding to examine the seasonal variability of basal water distribution. To robustly characterize basal water from radar bed power, I use a novel radar analysis approach that integrates a thermomechanical ice-sheet model to predict the spatial variations of radar attenuation. I improve this approach by including a least-squares minimization to correct for power offsets due to the different radar systems deployed in multiple field seasons. This improved method is first applied to two land-terminating glaciers in the southwest, Russell Glacier, and Isunnguata Sermia. Using two seasons of radar sounding data, I find that the basal water distribution can change between the wintertime and the summertime. My results reveal that during the winter, water resides primarily in small pockets on top of bedrock ridges. In the summer, these pockets of water on the ridges connect and drain into the nearby basal troughs. This seasonal shift in the basal water distribution is actively controlled by the material properties of the bed. Therefore, in addition to the bed topography, the permeability of the bed and the presence of basal sediments could also exert a critical influence on the seasonal development of subglacial drainage. Finally, I apply the radar analysis approach to a fast-flowing marine terminating glacier for Petermann Glacier in Northern Greenland. Here I incorporate an additional step to address the spatial variation in ice chemistry and its effect on radar attenuation. I use this approach to examine the relationship between basal water, ice deformation and the onset of glacier flow. In addition to finding basal water in the fastest flowing region near the ice margin, I identify substantial basal water in the ice sheet interior where meltwater must either be related to the advection of water from upstream or be generated by internal heating due to ice deformation. My results show there are three basal water networks beneath Petermann that connect the ice sheet interior to the margin. Together, the interaction between these basal water networks and the ice deformation enhances and sustains fast flow in the interior of the Petermann catchment. Overall, the research presented in this dissertation suggests that subglacial hydrology is high variable in both space and time. This variation in the hydrologic system can influence the fundamental structure of the ice sheet through changing the transport and storage of basal water and through interacting with ice deformation and the thermal properties of the bed.

One out of every three workers on the planet is employed in agriculture. Consequently, major changes to the way that agriculture is practiced will have outsized effects on society. This dissertation focuses on technology and climate change, two key variables that will exert increasing influence on the rural sector and broader patterns of economic development. While the implementation of new technologies to increase crop productivity will be essential in satisfying rising global food demand, shifts in global climate may undermine those productivity gains in terms of both agronomic and labor market output. Chapter 2 exploits a quasi-experimental research design to assess how crop productivity gains resulting from a new technology affect gender wage disparities in agricultural labor markets. Using high-frequency temperature data merged with nationally representative time use data from Indian workers, Chapter 3 estimates a labor supply response function to temperature shocks that informs projected labor market effects under climate change. Chapter 4 demonstrates that a very parsimonious statistical model offers accurate out-of-sample predictions and provides a discussion on modeling weather's role in agriculture and the current state of adaptation research.

The opening of large archives of satellite data such as LANDSAT, MODIS and the SENTINELs has given researchers unprecedented access to data, allowing them to better quantify and understand local and global land change. The need to analyze such large data sets has led to the development of automated and semi-automated methods for satellite image time series analysis. However, few of the proposed methods for remote sensing time series analysis are available as open source software. In this paper we present the R package dtwSat. This package provides an implementation of the time-weighted dynamic time warping method for land cover mapping using sequence of multi-band satellite images. Methods based on dynamic time warping are flexible to handle irregular sampling and out-of-phase time series, and they have achieved significant results in time series analysis. Package dtwSat is available from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) and contributes to making methods for satellite time series analysis available to a larger audience. The package supports the full cycle of land cover classification using image time series, ranging from selecting temporal patterns to visualizing and assessing the results.

Excerpt: During the urban folk revival of the 1950s and early 1960s, Elektra Records was one of the leading companies that specialized in recordings of revivalist folk music. By the mid-1960s, however, Jac Holzman, who founded Elektra in 1950, was charting a new direction for the label.

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Orientador: Norma Regina Truppel Constantino / Resumo: A presente pesquisa apresenta uma análise da construção da paisagem tendo como base a chegada de imigrantes japoneses no Oeste paulista em meados de 1930, na região onde hoje é a cidade de Pereira Barreto (SP) e a reformulação total da paisagem por conta da inundação gerada pelo represamento das águas do rio Tietê, para o funcionamento da hidrelétrica Três Irmãos e abastecimento hídrico da represa de Ilha Solteira (SP), para geração de energia e funcionamento das turbinas da mesma. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar a transformação da paisagem urbana através do aumento do nível das águas do rio Tietê e sua infraestrutura para a viabilização das turbinas da hidrelétrica de Ilha Solteira, no período de estiagem. Os dois reservatórios levando em conta suas especificidades, seriam interligados por um canal, o canal Deoclécio Bispo dos Santos construído na década de 80 e que ainda é considerado o maior canal da América Latina. Este canal é popularmente conhecido como canal Pereira Barreto. A metodologia de trabalho, compreende mapeamentos, pesquisas documentais, levantamentos bibliográficos e entrevistas no Museu da Cultura Japonesa da cidade de Pereira Barreto. Como procedimento metodológico foram utilizadas as portas da paisagem de Jean-Marc Besse, indicando as possíveis chaves para a leitura e compreensão da paisagem estudada. Esta leitura serviu de embasamento para a análise da reconstrução da paisagem local, as condições de resiliência, vulnerabilidade e adaptação da ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Body worn cameras (BWCs) are a newer piece of equipment that has been issued to police officers in efforts to increase transparency and improve relations with the community. Researchers who have just recently begun studying the effects of BWCs have observed changes in behavior of officers who wear the equipment. Some of these changes potentially have an adverse effect on citizens and the officers who wear BWCs. Lipsky's street-level bureaucracy theory was utilized to examine police officer use of discretion when conducting field activities while wearing BWCs. The research question pertained to police officers' perceptions regarding changes in behavior while being video recorded on duty. This study used generic qualitative inquiry to understand five police officers' perceptions through individual semi structured interviews complemented by the responsive interview model. Themes that emerged consisted of implementation, personal harm, privacy, and behavior modification. Notable findings under the theme of implementation included lack of initial acceptance of the equipment followed by approval of the equipment after use; and that initial training of BWCs was deemed insufficient. In the personal harm theme, participants expressed concern over functionality of BWCs and that superiors possibly would use footage for punitive reasons. Minimal privacy issues for officers were discovered; however, use of BWCs in private residences was perceived by participants as a concern for citizens. The most significant behavior modification was increased professionalism. Implications for social change include improved officer and citizen safety and the delivery of more effective police services, improving relations with the community.

Many plants require exposure to low temperature for a certain period during each year. This was determined more than a century ago. Understanding this phenomenon, known as the rest period, is part of a larger problem of understanding the factors which determine the ability of an organism to grow. The property of rest is ultimately a property of the actively growing cells, rather than that of the cells involved with protection and support.

As climate change impacts a growing number of aspects of economic activity, it is becoming ever more vital to understand how these effects will manifest. This work advances the study of the impacts of environmental change. First, I provide a panel analysis at the country level that identifies the effects of dust storms on economic activity in West Africa. I also find some evidence in the agricultural sector to support the finding of damaging effects. Second, I examine the extent to which dust storms and climate shocks affect migration in the same region. While temperatures and precipitation are found to play important roles, dust storms do not appear to have a significant influence. Third, I consider the role of adaptation to climate change in the United States. I build a model that predicts the locations most likely to be used in agriculture in the future, allowing for better forecasting of shifts in the areas used for agricultural production.

Severe weather events that accompany climatic changes have been the main focus of many studies that want to highlight the large processes that surround us every day. These studies are based on years of data collection and other studies to help aid their pursuits. An area of major focus is identifying proxies and supplementary materials that help refine climate records of the geologic past. This study aims to identify reliable proxies for obtaining a record of severe weather events. The research consists of studying a coral species Pseudodiploria strigosa colonies with the goal to document, interpret, and describe the burial and re-exposure of massive coral colonies by severe storm or hurricane events, as recorded in coral growth patterns through density patterns and the analysis of CT-scanned coral specimens. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection