我國農業用地實施休耕補貼之相關政策迄今已逾32年，該政策因長期推行，導致大量農田連續休耕及廢耕，致使生產環境惡化及農地資源浪費，龐大的休耕補貼金額不僅侵蝕國家財政亦讓農民產生不勞而獲之錯覺。農委會冀望透過「調整耕作制度活化農地計畫」的政策目標，本研究選取彰化縣福興鄉、芳苑鄉、大城鄉等領取補貼金額將近該縣半數之農業鄉為樣區，目的在於檢視該政策施行是否具有農業多功能性及永續發展，並就計畫產生的問題擬定對策和修正建議。 　　本研究以文獻分析及深度訪談作為研究方法，透過多功能性的多項評估指標檢視研究結果發現：在經濟生產面向中，量化成果達成率極高，活化農地減少影響鄰地耕作，創造小地主大佃農契機，政策執行成果整體偏向經濟生產面；至於社會生活面，則因農村人口老化、青農返鄉誘因不足與耕地取得不易等，不甚彰顯。另於生態環境面，因多施行慣行農法對於環境較不友善。因而，農業多功能性聯合產出特徵不明顯，離農業永續發展目標仍有距離。 　　本研究建議，政府對休耕地活化補貼政策應再作調整，就商品產出面言，加重申報不實罰責及建立政策退場機制，以確保農業競爭力，並考量因地制宜明定復耕作物項目；就非商品產出面言，應排除耕作困難地補貼，增加環境生態或景觀維護補貼，俾利展現農業多功能，實現永續農業目標。 / Taiwan has been subsidizing the fallowing of agricultural land for 32 years. Due to the long period of execution of the fallowing policy, large areas of agricultural land have been continuously fallowed or abandoned, causing the deterioration of production environment and waste of agricultural resources. In addition, the large amount of subsidy has not only eroded the country’s financial situation, but also caused misconception of farmers of reaping without sowing. The Council of Agriculture expects to achieve the policy objective through adoption of “Adjustment of Farming System and Plan of Revitalizing Fallow Agricultural Land.” This study selects half of the agricultural townships receiving subsidies in Changhua County such as Fuxing Township, Fangyuan Township and Dacheng Township as examples. It aims to examine whether or not this policy is able to facilitate agricultural multi-functionality and sustainable development, in order to formulate countermeasures and suggestions. 　　 　This study utilizes literature review and in-depth interviews as research methods. Through various Multi-functional indices, this study discovered the following phenomenon. First, from the perspective of economic production, the extremely high achieving rate for revitailzing fallow farm land reduces the impact on the farming of neighboring fields, and creates opportunity for small landowners to become big tenant-farmers. The outcomes of policy execution are tilted to the economic production. Second, in terms of the aspect of social life, due to the aging population in the farming villages, less incentives for young farmers to return to hometowns and difficulty of acquiring arable lands, it is difficult to manifest results. Last, regarding the ecological environment, owing to the unfriendliness of conventional farming skill, the characteristics of Multi-functional agricultural outputs are unclear. There is a certain distance to go to reach to goal of sustainable agricultural development. 　This study suggests that the government should adjust the Fallow Land Subsidy Policy. As for the output of Commodity outputs, government should aggravate the penalties for false declaration and establish the exit mechanism, in order to keep the competitiveness of Taiwan’s agriculture. It is essential to clearly indicate the replanting items that suits local circumstance. With regard to the Non Commodity outputs, the subsidy for difficult arable land should be abolished. Nevertheless, the subsidy for maintaining environmental ecology and scenery should be increased. These measures can help achieve the Multi-function of agriculture and realize the goal of sustainable agriculture.

早期政府倡導「客廳即工廠」產業發展政策，卻在土地使用分區劃分不明確、法令規範與管制不嚴謹之下，工廠直接將含有毒性與重金屬廢水，排入灌溉系統，導致農地與其生產的農作物遭到污染，威脅到社會大眾食品安全。截至民國100年底，依環保署公告資料顯示，將近8成的污染農地，整治完成並解除列管，故宣稱污染農地之改善，已達一定成效。然而，目前研究指出，台灣污染農地的整治方式，大多以翻土法進行，僅將污染土壤埋入地底，並非真正清除污染物質。另一方面，政府亦無積極改善污染源，使得部分農地即使整治後再度污染，而必須重新整治。如此情況，不禁讓許多學者質疑這樣整治的實質意義何在。 　　近年來，由於整治技術的侷限，以及龐大整治經費的壓力，對污染土地已不再以整治為唯一考量，而是透過風險的概念，藉由轉變土地利用模式，讓受污染土地得以再利用。目前台灣關於污染農地再利用之研究，大抵建議污染農地變更為非農業使用，甚至認為污染農地整治後恢復農用，效益偏低。然而，本研究認為，此等研究未考量到農地維持農用之多功能性，除商品價值外，仍有許多非商品價值，包括環境、生態、景觀等效益。 　　基此，本研究以污染農地整治後再利用，朝向種植非食用作物為主軸，並分為污染農地為何需要再利用，與污染農地如何再利用二大部分進行論述。首先以污染土地再利用的風險原則，融合多功能性之觀點，建立污染農地再利用之理論基礎。而後，進一步研擬三項污染農地再利用方案，包括「植樹造林」、「種植能源作物」、「種植花卉景觀作物」等。本研究認為整治後的污染農地，若推行此三項再利用方案，可兼顧風險原則、發揮農地農用多功能性，並避免繼續種稻威脅食品安全，以及節省政府後續管理成本等。接著，以彰化縣和美鎮作為個案，採用深度訪談的方式，針對和美鎮污染農地農民，與彰化縣污染農地相關承辦人，檢視實際整治與後續利用的困難，以及對於污染農地再利用之想法與建議。 　　最後，透過文獻分析與深度訪談結果，可獲得以下結論：（1）台灣污染農地整治方式以翻土工程為主，對農地造成破壞；（2）污染農地即使整治後，仍可能再度被污染；（3）污染農地整治完成後，以長期休耕為主；（4）台灣處理污染農地，違反再利用之基本原則。有鑑於此，本研究對於污染農地如何再利用，提出以下之政策建議：（1）推動污染農地轉作非食用作物，可創造諸多效益；（2）以中央層級確立污染農地再利用政策；（3）劃設高污染風險農地專區，優先輔導種植非食用作物。此外，必要配套措施包括：（1）依區域條件評選合適的再利用方案，提供技術與後續產銷輔導；（2）重視污染源頭管制，使工業生產者擔負污染責任。 / In the past, government advocated "living room factories" industrial development policies, but without clear land zoning and strict regulations, the factories discharged toxic and heavy metal wastewater into the irrigation system, resulting in agricultural land and the crops were contaminated, and threatened the public food safety. EPA 2011 announcement data shows that nearly 80% of contaminated agricultural land is completely remediated, and it is claimed that the improvement in contaminated agricultural land has reached some success. However, current research indicates that most Taiwan's contaminated agricultural land remediation methods, only buried the contaminated soil into the ground, not really cleaned away the pollutants. On the other hand, the government nor actively improve pollution sources, and therefore some of the agricultural land even after remediation polluted again, which must be remediated again. This situation, many scholars can't help but question what the real significance of such remediation. 　　In recent years, because of technical limitations and remediation　funding pressure on contaminated land, there is no longer only consideration in remediation, but through the concept of risk, by changing land-use patterns, so that contaminated land can be reused or revitalized. The researches on reuse of contaminated agricultural land in Taiwan, most suggest contaminated agricultural land change for non-agricultural use, and even think the benefit of contaminated agricultural land after remediation if keep agricultural use is low. However, this study suggests that past researches neglect the multifunctionality of agriculture, in addition to the value of goods, but there are still many non-commodity values, including environmental, ecological, landscape and other benefits. 　　For this viewpoint, this study concentrates on the reuse of contaminated agricultural land after remediation, and gives first place to grow non-food crops. There are two parts to discuss, including why contaminated agricultural land need to reuse, and how to reuse. First, the study establish the theoretical foundation of contaminated agricultural land reuse, which based on the risk principles of contaminated land reuse and multifunctionality of agriculture. Then, to further develop three contaminated agricultural land reuse programs, including the "trees", "energy crops", "flowers or landscape crop", etc. This study suggests that if contaminated agricultural land after remediation can implement the three reuse programs, it can not only take into account the risk principle and multifunctionality of agriculture, but also avoid threats to food safety, as well as saving the government follow-up management costs. Next, Hemei Township, Changhua County, as a case study, using depth interview for the Hemei town contaminated agricultural land's farmers and Changhua County public servant who deal with contaminated agricultural land remediation. Survey the actual situation and subsequent use difficulties of contamination agricultural land after remediation, as well as their ideas and suggestions of contaminated agricultural land reuse. 　　Finally, through a literature review and interviews results obtained the following conclusions: (1) the main remediation method of contaminated agricultural land in Taiwan is to bury the contaminated soil into the ground, and it causes damage on agricultural land; (2) contaminated agricultural land even after remediation may still be contaminated again; (3) contaminated agricultural land after remediation is mainly long-term fallow; (4) dealing with contaminated agricultural land in Taiwan is in violation of basic reuse principles. Therefore, this study suggests the following policy recommendations for how the contaminated agricultural land to reuse: (1) promote contaminated agricultural land grow non-food crops, it can create many benefits; (2) the central level government establish contaminated agricultural land reuse policies; (3) the designation of the high risk of contaminated agricultural land area, give the first place to help grow non-food crops. In addition, the necessary supporting measures include: (1) select the appropriate reuse program by regional conditions, and provide technical help and sales counseling; (2) emphasize the control of pollution sources, and make industrial producers shoulder the responsibility for the pollution.