With Taiwan¡¦s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), foreign-based oil manufacturers will join, in succession, the motor oil market in Taiwan. This will definitely push further the competition for business that has been made intense by a large number of domestic manufacturers. Therefore, it will be necessary to analyze consumers¡¦ behavior in buying motor oil in order to promote and sell this product. This research examined consumers¡¦ sex, age, education, occupation, and monthly income and investigated whether differences in these factors would lead to significant differences in suggestions and perception, in methods of collecting information and the degree of involvement in the evaluation of plans, and in post-purchase satisfaction and loyalty of reference groups related with motor oil products and prices under different situations. Drivers of small cars registered with Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City were, based on convenient sampling, taken as the subjects that received questionnaire survey. The collected data underwent statistical procedures and analysis, and conclusions and suggestions were drawn and put up to be adopted by concerned enterprises to maintain their market shares and even enhance their competitive edge. The research has obtained findings and offered suggestions that follow: ¤@¡BFindings: ¡]¤@¡^¡BFemales are more likely than their male counterparts to purchase products at bargain prices, and when they are satisfied with the quality of a motor oil product, they are more likely to purchase the same product in the future. ¡]¤G¡^¡BConsumers younger than 30 are more likely to purchase products at bargain prices and more heavily influenced by price suggestions offered by others. ¡]¤T¡^¡BConsumers with college or graduate education are more heavily susceptible to positive remarks than to negative remarks. These consumers consider products to be better in quality if their manufacturers provide better product information. They are more likely to buy motor oil products that have been advertised and promoted in humorous term ¡]¥|¡^¡B Consumers that are engaged in manufacturing have better chance to purchase products at bargain prices. They are more likely to purchase the products that they have used and felt good about the quality and price. On the other hand, if they are not satisfied in these two areas, they will be very likely to switch to other products. ¡]¤­¡^¡BIn purchasing a motor oil product at bargain prices, consumers with low income are more concerned about the evaluation of this product after using it. ¤G¡BSuggestions: ¡]¤@¡^¡BOil manufacturers should enhance their R & D capability, increase the popularity of their products, appeal to customers in humorous ways, and pack products properly and offer them at competitive prices. ¡]¤G¡^¡BOffer various sources of information about products to which consumers have easy access, and gain consumers¡¦ satisfaction with product quality and price so as to win their loyalty.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among, change's perception, work stress, personality characteristics and organizational commitment in organizational change, and used employees from Postal bureau as examples. Making a survey of collecting 171 effective samples, the major conclusions we observed are as follows¡G 1. It appears negative influence for employees¡¦work stress to organizational commitment in organizational change. 2. It appears positive influence for employees¡¦change's perception to organizational commitment in organizational change. 3. It appears influence for employees¡¦personality characteristics to work stress in organizational change. 4. The degrees of organizational commitment of different disparity age of employees had significant difference in organizational change. 5. The degrees of work stress of level of education of employees had significant difference in organizational change. 6. Different period of service were correlated significantly with employees¡¦ change's perception, work stress and organizational commitment in organizational change.

This study examined the relationship between job characteristics and creativity and also examined whether creative self efficacy moderates this relationship. Results demonstrated that job characteristics and its subscales (skill variety and autonomy) made significant contribution to creativity. Different from original hypotheses, other three job characteristics subscales (task identity, task significance, and feedback) were not found significantly related to participants¡¦ creativity and the hypothesized moderating effect of creative self efficacy on the relationship between job characteristics and creativity was not found. Implications about the findings and suggestions about further researches are discussed.

In the past, jobs in the financial industry were many people¡¦s top priority because they thought being financial specialists could make more money, have less workload, and enjoy relatively stable career path. However, this industry is recently facing big changes such as the subprime loan storm, merges and acquisitions of financial organizations, bankruptcies, hollowing out company's assets, etc. The impact on the macroeconomic environment and change of the financial system make financial specialists facing big challenges. The purpose of this research is to figure out the relativity of financial specialists¡¦ work values, job characteristics and job satisfaction. This research is sampling from financial service industry and 450 effective samples were collected. Among this research, factor analysis, reliability analysis, one-way ANOVA, analysis of variance, correlation, regression, and hierarchical regression analysis, etc were used. The finding shows that job characteristics have no interference on the link between work values and job satisfaction.

This study takes ¡§the Health food of nutrition¡¨, ¡§Cosmetic skin care products¡¨, and ¡§the Articles for cleanness¡¨ as the representatives of direct-selling products. With the network questionnaires to investigate ¡§Consumer characteristics¡¨ of ¡§Netizens¡¨, and how they influence the levels of various perceived risk, and the helpfulness of risk reduction strategies, with SEM to analysis the structure between seven kinds of perceived risk, with the method which was used by Roselius (1971) to measure the helpfulness of risk reduction strategies, and with Cluster, Correlate, ANOVA to analysis the way how ¡§Consumer characteristics¡¨ of ¡§Netizens¡¨ influence perceived risks and risk reduction strategies, and the way how perceived risks influence risk reduction strategies. There are five important conclusions, describing as following: 1. There are differences between three kinds of direct-selling products on the perceived risks of ¡§Performance¡¨, ¡§Psychology¡¨, and ¡§Overall¡¨. 2. In the structure of constructing the path to form the ¡§Overall risk¡¨ by six kinds of risks, the direct and indirect result exists at the same time. 3. Different ¡§Consumer characteristics¡¨ will influence different kinds of perceived risks, and the most meaningful characteristics are ¡§the Types of direct-selling consumers¡¨ and ¡§the attitude toward shopping through direct-selling¡¨. 4. Different ¡§Consumer characteristics¡¨ will influence the helpfulness of different risk reduction strategies, and the most meaningful characteristics are ¡§Age¡¨, ¡§Location¡¨, and ¡§the Types of direct-selling consumers¡¨. 5. Various perceived risks will influence the helpfulness of different risk reduction strategies, and only the helpfulness of ¡§Free sample¡¨ will be enhanced. There are three points about managerial implications and suggestions, describing as following: 1. ¡§Private testing¡¨, ¡§Government testing¡¨, and ¡§Major brand image¡¨ are capable of reducing the ¡§Performance risk¡¨ effectively, and then reduce the levels of ¡§Overall risk¡¨ perception to decrease the perceived sacrifice of product value and to enhance it to the original levels of product value. 2. For the ¡§Netizen¡¨ who are not becoming a member, and not using direct-selling products quite often, ¡§Free sample¡¨ with ¡§Replace product guarantee¡¨ or ¡§Money-back guarantee¡¨ are capable of reducing the levels of risk perception effectively. 3. In the long run, direct-selling companies should endeavor to prove the image of direct-selling, because ¡§the attitude toward shopping through direct-selling¡¨ is an important factor to influence the levels of risk perception and the helpfulness of the risk reduction strategies. And ¡§Industry autonomy¡¨ is a good risk reduction strategy, but not be known by the public. There is a long way for TDSA ¡]Taiwan Direct Selling Association¡^ to go, because popularity and public trust are insufficient. Key words: Consumer characteristics, Perceived risk, Risk reduction strategy

In the modern enterprises, the capital structures are made up by the specific or the non-specific populace sources. In the separation of management rights and ownership, their common interests may not be the same, so the agency problems are arising. In recent years, the public has serious doubts about unreasonable compensation of directors with higher ranks. The study samples are companies listed in Taiwan Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2007, but excluding banks and insurance companies. This study investigates the relationship between corporate governance and earnings management. The corporate governance variables include director stock ownership, the pledged share ratio of directors, chairman of the board as general manager, percent of independent directors on the board, the average compensation of directors, foreign investors¡¦ ownership, and institutional ownership in the firm. The empirical results show that chairman of the board as general manager who has significant influence on earnings management in the whole industry, electronic industry, and non-electronic industry; the average compensation of directors with higher ranks have significant influence on earnings management in the whole industry and non-electronic industry. In different industries, some empirical results support the hypotheses while other hypotheses do not hold. Thus, this research study has believed that the interconnection between the corporate governance variables and earning management will be affected by characteristics of certain industries. In addition, this research study has also found that there are no direct relationships between corporate governance and earnings management. Hence, the corporate governance in Taiwan is still considered not long enough and can not become an independent factor to affect earnings management inhibition of behavior. Therefore, certain parts of hypotheses will not establish.

In recent years, there are more and more private label products in Taiwan¡¦s retailing channel. It is easy for consumer to purchase those products though supermarkets, hypermarkets, or convenience stores. Retailers have developed and sold private label products widely in the United State and Europe for past three decades, and high proportions of the consumers had such good impression for those products. Private label can create big profit for retailing channel especially in hypermarket in Taiwan, but the actual profit remains small for years. That¡¦s why we want to know what causes the result. In this article we hope to find some important facts and to provide suggestions for the future strategies. Private label products can have different performance through different categories, and many articles find that private label in some specific categories bring more profits than others. In this article, we choose ten different products to understand how product characteristics affect consumer behavior. We use convenience sampling in Taipei and Kaohsiung. By means of the questionnaire survey, we try to learn more about the effect of consumer behavior and product characteristics on hypermarket's private label¡¦s attitude and purchasing behavior. Both quality and price are key factors which can affect purchasing. The quality difference between national brands and private labels cause the lower purchasing intentions in private label. We also find that private label performs better in daily use products and stationery. It is shown that through different categories, the acceptance and attitude toward private label will be different. We suggest adding more factors of consumer behavior and product characteristics to understand the purchasing behavior and the attitude toward private label products in the future study.

Due to the trend of economic globalization, the new challenge that companies are facing when pursuing growth is the need of internationalization talented persons. To maintain the best competitiveness of organization, the key point lies in looking for the most talented employee. How to choose talented persons multi-nationally and how to train internationalization talented persons is one of the keys for the existence of modern enterprises. The ¡§Expatriate¡¨ so called in this study means the one sent by the company to work in the country or area outside homeland. They are likely to be employees with the nationality of their parent company or third country. However, they must be the appropriate and trustworthy middlemen chosen by their parent company. How do enterprises choose such expatriates? What kind of characteristics should successful expatriates have in competence for their tasks? Herein, this study starts from personality and targets on expatriates to probe into the relationship among personality, cultural intelligence and entrepreneurship. The raw data for further research has 2 parts: pre-survey and formal survey. While Convenience Sampling Method was taken, the researcher picked particular interviewees, delivered the questionnaires, and invited for more interviewees to join. Since the objects are geographically wide-spreaded among the world, the survey forms were distributed through the Internet. 260 copies were sent, and 230 recovered. 88% recovery rate has been obtained. Through the statistics methodology, the variables were defined and calculated. The internal relationships among the variables were explored through tools of descriptive statistics, Pearson analysis, SEM model and Variance analysis. The conclusions are as following: 1. There is a positive and significant correlation between the personality and Cultural Intelligence. Stronger ¡§Extraversion¡¨ personality has highest CQ. Comes the ¡§Openness to Experience,¡¨ then the ¡§Agreeableness¡¨. 2. It is obviously positive and significant correlation between personality and entrepreneurship. People with strong ¡§Openness to Experience¡¨ attitude bear stronger willness and capability on entrepreneurship. Follows the ¡§Extraversion,¡¨ then the ¡§Agreeableness¡¨. 3. CQ is obviously positive and significant correlated to entrepreneurship. People with higher CQ bears better capability on entrepreneurship. 4. The study also discovered that the personality has obvious positive influence on entrepreneurship, directly and indirectly. That is, the personality of dispatched personnel would enhance individual entrepreneurship, via the interaction of higher CQ. 5. Personal attributes (e.g. gender, marital status, age, nationality, education level, reason for dispatch, company scale and industry nature) shall play a significant variant role as personality, CQ and entrepreneurship level.

The author's inaugural dissertation, Hamburg. / "Literaturverzeichnis": p. 7-14.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois, 1920. / Vita. Published also without thesis note. Bibliography: p. 233-242.