Thesis. 1977. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / M.S.

Over the last five years, charge-coupled devices (CCD) have been improved dramatically in terms of sensitivity, manufacturability and particularly, cost. This has enabled them to be used economically in many more industrial and commercial electronic imaging processes. They are found in products ranging from video cameras to satellite-based camera systems. This has sparked my interests in these devices, and with a great deal of encouragement from Dr. Turpin, I decided to base my Master's thesis/project on a CCD. The project was mainly based on the design of the electronics and optics needed to support a CCD. The particular circuit design which I used other designs which are available. Many of the designs are microprocessor- based, which tends to limit the speed of operation of the imaging process. Other circuits employ specially coded memory chips to implement the required logic processes, but again, the speed of operation is limited by the access times of the memory chips. The circuit employed in the project uses only logic gates and flip flops, and is probably one of the fastest circuits available for the capture of single-frame images.

Algorithms and simulators comprised of SPICE3 as a circuit level simulator and two device simulators EOFLOW and PROPHET for accurate simulation of new types of devices are presented in this thesis. An integration of EOFLOW with SPICE3 creates a capability for efficient simulation of a system containing interconnected electroosmotic flow channels together with control electronics. Using this simulator, an accurate simulation of a complex interconnection of channels has been performed. In addition, various flow control schemes have been evaluated for their effectiveness. Coupling of PROPHET and SPTCE3 allows for the simulation of accurate semiconductor device models. This capability is necessary for critical RF and analog applications. The coupled SPICE3-HB-PROPHET simulator incorporates the harmonic balance algorithm for large-signal frequency domain analysis. Applications of this analysis are demonstrated in the noise coupling between devices sharing the same silicon substrate. / Graduation date: 2003

Interference filters are multilayer thin film devices. They use interference effects between the incident and reflected radiation waves at each layer interface to select wavelengths. The production of interference filters depend on the precise deposition of thin material layers on substrates which have suitable optical properties. In this thesis, the main target is to design and produce two optical filters (short-pass filter and long-pass filter) for the CCDs that will be used in the electronics of a space camera. By means of these filters, it is possible to take image in different bands (RGB and NIR) by identical two CCDs. The filters will be fabricated by plasma ion-assisted deposition technique.

M. Tech. Digital Technology. / This dissertation reports on an optical-based two-dimensional position sensor for use in Active Magnetic Bearings (AMB) to measure the position of the levitated rotor. The motivation for the deployment of optical technology is the well-known advantage of high precision contactless displacement measurement. The radial and axial edges of the rotor are illuminated by red and green laser beams respectively. The position of the rotor is determined from its image projected on a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) sensor. The measuring principle is demonstrated as a position sampler in the closed loop control of an active magnetic bearing model. The image representing the position is processed with a real-time algorithm on a Field Programmable Logic Gate Array. The principle of operation of a CCD as a position sensor is analysed in order to establish how the image captured by the CCD can be processed to determine the position of the rotor. A simple AMB is modelled in which the sensor acts as a feedback position device. The main objective of the model is to evaluate the accuracy of the system. The purpose of the overall sensing technique to be used is to achieve highly accurate and precise measurements with CCD-based optical metrology.

The notion of designing circuits based on charge sensing, charge adaptation, and charge programming is explored in this research. This design concept leads to a low-power capacitive sensing interface circuit that has been designed and tested with a MEMS microphone and a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer. Moreover, by using the charge programming technique, a designed floating-gate based large-scale field-programmable analog array (FPAA) containing a universal sensor interface sets the stage for reconfigurable smart sensory systems. Based on the same charge programming technique, a compact programmable analog radial-basis-function (RBF) based classifier and a resultant analog vector quantizer have been developed and tested. Measurement results have shown that the analog RBF-based classifier is at least two orders of magnitude more power-efficient than an equivalent digital processor. Furthermore, an adaptive bump circuit that can facilitate unsupervised learning in the analog domain has also been proposed. A projection neural network for a support vector machine, a powerful and more complicated binary classification algorithm, has also been proposed. This neural network is suitable for analog VLSI implementation and has been simulated and verified on the transistor level. These analog classifiers can be integrated at the interface to build smart sensory systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A reconstrução tridimensional de superfícies de fratura de materiais compósitos do tipo CFRP é apresentada neste trabalho como um método possível para análise fractográfica desse material, cuja superfície de fratura pode apresentar uma rugosidade acentuada, com grande variação em altura. Dois métodos são apresentados para esse propósito: a reconstrução por foco variável, realizada com imagens de microscopia óptica e a reconstrução por paralaxe, realizada com par de imagens estéreo, obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Uma avaliação é realizada para cada um dos dois métodos, discutindo seus limites e a eficiência de cada um deles, perante as dificuldades de análise de materiais compósitos unidirecionais e multidirecionais. O método de foco variável apresentou um excelente resultado de reconstrução, mas tem a necessidade de um número grande de imagens, tempo de dedicação do instrumento e limite de ampliação das imagens como fatores a serem considerados na escolha de melhor método. As inclinações da amostra, durante o método da paralaxe, revelam alterações nos histogramas das imagens adquiridas no sentido horário que limitam o uso do método para materiais com alta rugosidade. A obtenção de imagens em um único sentido e a construção de uma região de interesse, posicionada no centro da imagem são sugestões para tornar o método mais abrangente. A linearidade das projeções de características na imagem inclinada também sugere a possibilidade de realizar a reconstrução utilizando, em vez de apenas duas, múltiplas imagens obtidas no sentido anti-horário. As alterações propostas para modificar a rotina, são sugeridas para que o programa possa ser aplicado de forma mais abrangente, independente da qualidade da superfície de fratura observada. / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP