Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:49:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guimaraes_ahf_me_guara.pdf: 2381225 bytes, checksum: 8019dfa6ffed11e95f9f5a24914be192 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Plutão e Caronte, bem como os novos satélites do sistema, Nix e Hidra, são alvos de micrometeoritos, provavelmente originários do cinturão de Kuiper. Os resíduos destes impactos permaneceriam no sistema em órbitas ao redor de Plutão ou Caronte. Este estudo analisa, através de simulações numéricas, a estabilidade das regiões ao redor do sistema binário. Esta análise deu-se através de simulações numéricas para o problema restrito de três corpos. Foram numericamente integradas órbitas para partículas ao redor de Plutão, ao redor de Caronte e ao redor do baricentro do sistema. Dessas integrações numéricas foram geradas grades a x e, definindo-se regiões: de estabilidade, de escape e de colisão. A região estável ao redor de Plutão vai até aproximadamente 8200km, ao redor de Caronte se estende até 2900km e ao redor do baricentro do sistema binário, órbitas Tipo-P, a região estável inicia-se a partir de 49000km. Estes valores estão de acordo com a teoria de Holman e Wiegert (1999). As regiões de estabilidade de Plutão Caronte foram também amplamente estudadas através do uso da Superfície de Secção de Poincaré (SSP). Um conjunto de cerca de 230 SSP foi obtido. Foram gerados diagramas de Cjxx, Cj é o valor da Constante de Jacobi, derivados das SSP para a região interna aos corpos massivos do binário e externa a eles. Estes diagramas representam a síntese da análise da estabilidade por meio das SSP. Neles ficam determinadas as regiões estáveis às partículas no sistema. Cojuntos especiais de SSP foram gerados para análise das ressonâncias 1:6 e 1:4, pois estas, em especial, estariam relacionadas aos novos satélites. Verificou-se que estes satélites estão em regiões estáveis, mas não em ressonância de acordo com o dados até hoje conhecidos. / Pluto and Charon and the two new discovered satellites, named Hydra and Nix, are targets of micrometeorites which were probably originated from the Kuiper belt. A sample of particles can be generated from these collision and be trapped in orbit around Pluto or Charon. This work analyses, through numerical simulations, the stable regions around the binary system. This analysis took into account the Restricted Three Body Problem. From these numerical simulations diagrams of a x e were generated defining, stable, escape and unstable regions. Stable regions around Pluto (width about 8200km), around Charon (width about 2900km) and around the baricentre of the binary system (after a semi-major axis about 49000km) were obtained. These values are in good agreement with the work by Holman & Wiegert (1999). These stable regions were also analysed by using the technique of POincaré Surface of Section (PSS). A sample of about 230 PSS was obtained. In all these PSS chaotic and stable regions and also the resonance locations were identified. Diagrams of Cj x x, derived from the PSS, were obtained. They represent the synthesis of the stability region acquired from the PSS. A particular set of SSP was generated in order to analyse the evolution of 1:4 and 1:6 resonances. The new satellites, Hydra and Nix, are located in stable regions although, they are not in resonances with Charon, as can be seen in the grade a x e.

Main goal of this diploma is to create an essential summary of a current state in the field of transneptunian objects. This review enables understanding the findings about the transneptunian objects. The summary creates a review of advance and progress tendency in research in the area of transneptunian objects.

On the moon and other airless bodies, ballistically emplaced ejecta transitions from a thinning, continuous inner deposit to become discontinuous beyond approximately one crater radius from the crater rim and can further break into discrete rays and secondary craters. In contrast, on Mars, ejecta often form continuous, distinct, and sometimes thick deposits that transition to a low ridge or escarpment that may be circular or lobate. The Martian ejecta type has been variously termed pancake, rampart, lobate, or layered, and in this work we refer to it as abrupt termini ejecta (ATE). Two main formation mechanisms have been proposed, one requiring interaction of the ejecta with the atmosphere and the other mobilization of near-surface volatiles. ATE morphologies are also unambiguously seen on Ganymede, Europa, Dione, and Tethys, but they are not as common as on Mars. We have identified up to 38 craters on Charon that show signs of ATE, including possible distal ramparts and lobate margins. These ejecta show morphologic and morphometric similarities with other moons in the solar system, which are a subset of the properties observed on Mars. From comparison of these ejecta on Charon and other solar system bodies, we find the strongest support for subsurface volatile mobilization and ejecta fluidization as the main formation mechanism for the ATE, at least on airless, icy worlds. This conclusion comes from the bodies on which they are found, an apparent preference for certain terrains, and the observation that craters with ATE can be near to similarly sized craters that only have gradational ejecta.

Att vara ung kvinnlig chef är ett outforskat område som behöver belysas. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vad det innebär att arbeta som offentligt anställd ung kvinnlig chef. Urvalet bestod av fyra unga kvinnliga chefer verksamma inom en stor kommun i Sverige. Med en etnografisk metodansats utfördes åtta deltagande observationer inklusive en fokusgruppsintervju. Resultatet påvisade att cheferna ansåg att faktorer som ålder och kön inte spelade roll när det gällde ledarskap. Trots detta uppfattades en känsla av ambivalens i synen på betydelsen av sin ålder och kön genom att man gjorde skillnad på sina medarbetares ålder och kön. Då ansåg cheferna att yngre, äldre, manliga och kvinnliga medarbetare behövde olika bemötanden. För att förstå studiens resultat i sin helhet användes teorier med inspiration från Charon och den symboliska interaktionismen som betonar att vi blir till i den sociala interaktionen med andra. Systemteori användes även för att synliggöra hur cheferna påverkas och påverkar den samhälleliga bilden av chefsrollen. / Being a young female manager is an unexplored area that needs to be highlighted. This study therefore aims to explore what it means to work as a young female public servant manager. The sample consisted of four young female managers in a large municipality in Sweden. With an ethnographic research approach, eight participating observations including a focus group interview was performed. The result showed that the managers felt that factors such as age and gender did not play a role in their leadership. Despite this, we perceived a sense of ambivalence in the view of the importance of age and gender by making a difference in their employees’ age and gender. The managers considered that younger, older, male and female employees were needed different treatment. To understand the result of the study in its entirety, theories inspired by Charon and symbolic interactionism was used which emphasizes that we become us by the social interaction with others. Systems theory was also used to show how the managers are affected and also affecting the society’s image of the general management role.

abstract: The seasonal deposition of CO2 on the polar caps is one of the most dynamic processes on Mars and is a dominant driver of the global climate. Remote sensing temperature and albedo data were used to estimate the subliming mass of CO2 ice on south polar gullies near Sisyphi Cavi. Results showed that column mass abundances range from 400 - 1000 kg.m2 in an area less than 60 km2 in late winter. Complete sublimation of the seasonal caps may occur later than estimated by large-scale studies and is geographically dependent. Seasonal ice depth estimates suggested variations of up to 1.5 m in depth or 75% in porosity at any one time. Interannual variations in these data appeared to correlate with dust activity in the southern hemisphere. Correlation coefficients were used to investigate the relationship between frost-free surface properties and the evolution of the seasonal ice in this region. Ice on high thermal inertia units was found to disappear before any other ice, likely caused by inhibited deposition during fall. Seasonal ice springtime albedo appeared to be predominantly controlled by orientation, with north-facing slopes undergoing brightening initially in spring, then subliming before south-facing slopes. Overall, the state of seasonal ice is far more complex than globally and regionally averaged studies can identify. The discovery of cryovolcanic features on Charon and the presence of ammonia hydrates on the surfaces of other medium-sized Kuiper Belt Objects suggests that cryovolcanism may be important to their evolution. A two-dimensional, center-point finite difference, thermal hydraulic model was developed to explore the behavior of cryovolcanic conduits on midsized KBOs. Conduits on a Charon-surrogate were shown to maintain flow through over 200 km of crust and mantle down to radii of R = 0.20 m. Radii higher than this became turbulent due to high viscous dissipation and low thermal conductivity. This model was adapted to explore the emplacement of Kubrik Mons. Steady state flow was achieved with a conduit of radius R = 0.02 m for a source chamber at 2.3 km depth. Effusion rates computed from this estimated a 122 - 163 Myr upper limit formation timescale. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Geological Sciences 2019

Orientador: Silvia Maria Giuliatti Winter / Banca: Ernesto Vieira Neto / Banca: Ricardo Reis Cordeiro / Resumo: Plutão e Caronte, bem como os novos satélites do sistema, Nix e Hidra, são alvos de micrometeoritos, provavelmente originários do cinturão de Kuiper. Os resíduos destes impactos permaneceriam no sistema em órbitas ao redor de Plutão ou Caronte. Este estudo analisa, através de simulações numéricas, a estabilidade das regiões ao redor do sistema binário. Esta análise deu-se através de simulações numéricas para o problema restrito de três corpos. Foram numericamente integradas órbitas para partículas ao redor de Plutão, ao redor de Caronte e ao redor do baricentro do sistema. Dessas integrações numéricas foram geradas grades a x e, definindo-se regiões: de estabilidade, de escape e de colisão. A região estável ao redor de Plutão vai até aproximadamente 8200km, ao redor de Caronte se estende até 2900km e ao redor do baricentro do sistema binário, órbitas Tipo-P, a região estável inicia-se a partir de 49000km. Estes valores estão de acordo com a teoria de Holman e Wiegert (1999). As regiões de estabilidade de Plutão Caronte foram também amplamente estudadas através do uso da Superfície de Secção de Poincaré (SSP). Um conjunto de cerca de 230 SSP foi obtido. Foram gerados diagramas de Cjxx, Cj é o valor da Constante de Jacobi, derivados das SSP para a região interna aos corpos massivos do binário e externa a eles. Estes diagramas representam a síntese da análise da estabilidade por meio das SSP. Neles ficam determinadas as regiões estáveis às partículas no sistema. Cojuntos especiais de SSP foram gerados para análise das ressonâncias 1:6 e 1:4, pois estas, em especial, estariam relacionadas aos novos satélites. Verificou-se que estes satélites estão em regiões estáveis, mas não em ressonância de acordo com o dados até hoje conhecidos. / Abstract: Pluto and Charon and the two new discovered satellites, named Hydra and Nix, are targets of micrometeorites which were probably originated from the Kuiper belt. A sample of particles can be generated from these collision and be trapped in orbit around Pluto or Charon. This work analyses, through numerical simulations, the stable regions around the binary system. This analysis took into account the Restricted Three Body Problem. From these numerical simulations diagrams of a x e were generated defining, stable, escape and unstable regions. Stable regions around Pluto (width about 8200km), around Charon (width about 2900km) and around the baricentre of the binary system (after a semi-major axis about 49000km) were obtained. These values are in good agreement with the work by Holman & Wiegert (1999). These stable regions were also analysed by using the technique of POincaré Surface of Section (PSS). A sample of about 230 PSS was obtained. In all these PSS chaotic and stable regions and also the resonance locations were identified. Diagrams of Cj x x, derived from the PSS, were obtained. They represent the synthesis of the stability region acquired from the PSS. A particular set of SSP was generated in order to analyse the evolution of 1:4 and 1:6 resonances. The new satellites, Hydra and Nix, are located in stable regions although, they are not in resonances with Charon, as can be seen in the grade a x e. / Mestre

abstract: In this thesis I model the thermal and structural evolution of Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) and explore their ability to retain undifferentiated crusts of rock and ice over geologic timescales. Previous calculations by Desch et al. (2009) predicted that initially homogenous KBOs comparable in size to Charon (R ~ 600 km) have surfaces too cold to permit the separation of rock and ice, and should always retain thick (~ 85 km) crusts, despite the partial differentiation of rock and ice inside the body. The retention of a thermally insulating, undifferentiated crust is favorable to the maintenance of subsurface liquid and potentially cryovolcanism on the KBO surface. A potential objection to these models is that the dense crust of rock and ice overlying an ice mantle represents a gravitationally unstable configuration that should overturn by Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instabilities. I have calculated the growth rate of RT instabilities at the ice-crust interface, including the effect of rock on the viscosity. I have identified a critical ice viscosity for the instability to grow significantly over the age of the solar system. I have calculated the viscosity as a function of temperature for conditions relevant to marginal instability. I find that RT instabilities on a Charon-sized KBO require temperatures T > 143 K. Including this effect in thermal evolution models of KBOs, I find that the undifferentiated crust on KBOs is thinner than previously calculated, only ~ 50 km. While thinner, this crustal thickness is still significant, representing ~ 25% of the KBO mass, and helps to maintain subsurface liquid throughout most of the KBO's history. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Astrophysics 2013

My work is a critical view of a modern principle of personal autonomy and an idea of autonomous man, which stems from philosophy of liberalism. The practice of personal autonomy in bioetics, which takes over the features of this political concept and does not comprise a metaphysical question about a man seems to empty a concept of humanity. My work tries to turn attentation to this problem and show the difficulties of personal autonomy when presented from the secular point of view. I want to offer then the concept of narrative ethics as a vision of supplementing the concept of modern principal bioetics.