建立護理專業身份是個體與護理專業相聯繫的概念，個體對護理專業在社會角色與自我概念之間取得平衡。在專業社會化中，產生專業的知識、技能、價值與自我身份的過程。在社會急速發展和世界護理專業發展影響下，澳門護理專業教育出現強中有弱、弱中有強的局面。這現狀對中學生選擇護理、護士學生對知識價值的主動學習、日後在專業發展中持續創新都產生影響。因為護士人力的緊缺，護理教育能否幫助學生建立專業身份成為關注的重心。 / 鏡湖護理學院是澳門歷史最長的護理教育機構，於2002年起開辦澳門首個四年制護理學學士學位課程。課程理念奠基於鏡湖慈善會歷史和性質，命名「從人到仁」，推動以關懷為核心的護理全人教育。學院在護理學士學位課程中加入了一些元素，希望幫助學生在進入專業的早期即打下良好基礎，建立專業身份，從而加強教育的全面效果。究竟澳門鏡湖護士學生在護士學習的過程中如何建立專業身份，課程對護士學生身份認同的成效怎樣?本研究目的正是希望回答以上兩個問題。 / 研究者選取了二十名畢業生和八名教師參與是次研究。採用質性研究取向的個案研究法。透過深度訪談和文件查證分析取得所需研究資料。經過對個案資料的綜合深度討論以及不同個案的分析比較，得出以下研究發現：鏡湖護士學生的專業身份認同是通過五個轉變表現出來，包括：1. 責任重大、尊重生命；2. 與苦難同行、全人護理；3. 護理與生活同在、發揮專業才能；4. 立足專業知識、像護士般思考和行動；及5. 成為團隊、薪火相傳。分析歸納受訪畢業生及教師資料可以看到，鏡湖現行學士學位課程對學生建立專業身份是有明顯的影響作用。大部份學生是通過臨床實踐和生活實踐，處理健康問題，和幫助人們建立健康生活方式，來建構自我的專業身份。除了課程影響之外，關懷的學院文化、教師的言傳身教、醫院與學院的關係，以及學生的個人因素均對學生專業身份認同有影響作用。 / 根據這些發現，本研究嘗試從護理教育層面和未來研究層面提出建議，務求完善促進護士學生身份認同的課程理念和課程設置，優化人文與環境因素，以便進一步提升護理教育的質素，培育具公民專業精神的護理人員。本研究亦嘗試對當中的一些理論與概念展開討論，並修訂或補充了它的不足。 / The formation of nursing professional identity links the individual with the nursing profession. In this process the individual strives to maintain a balance between her professional role and her self-identity. It is a process of developing professional knowledge, skills, value and self-identity. With rapid social changes as well as worldwide development in the nursing profession, Macau’s nursing education is in a situation where strengths and weaknesses co-exist and interact with each other. Such a situation will certainly have significant impact on secondary school graduates’ decision to choose nursing as a future career, nursing students’ pursuit of nursing education as well as the possibility of their contributing to the nursing profession via creative innovation. Owing to the shortage of nurses, whether nursing education is able to help the students establish a concrete professional identity has become a major concern at present. / Being the most long-standing nursing education institution in Macau, Kiang Wu Nursing College established the first four-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing Programme in 2002. The philosophy of the programme, named ─From Personhood to Benevolence", is founded on the history and nature of Kiang Wu Charitable Association with the aim of fostering holistic nursing education that centres on care. To enhance the holistic impact of education, Kiang Wu Nursing College adds some new elements to the programme in order to enable students to formulate their professional identity. How did nursing students of Kiang Wu Nursing College form their professional identity in the course of learning, and how effective was the programme in forming students’ sense of professional identity were precisely the two questions that the present study aims at answering. / The researcher selected 20 nursing graduates and 8 nursing educators as participants of the study, which employed a qualitative case study method. In-depth interviews and document reviews were first conducted to collect the required data. After having undergone thorough examination of the collected data as well as detailed analyses and comparisons of various cases, it was found that the sense of professional identity of students of Kiang Wu Nursing College was developed through the following five crucial changes that they had experienced, including shouldering important responsibilities and respecting life, confronting hardship and offering holistic nursing care, leading a life inseparable from nursing and capitalizing on professional competences, developing professional knowledge, and thinking and acting like a nurse, as well as becoming part of the team and carrying forward the nursing spirit. Through summarizing and analyzing the data of the interviewed graduates and teachers, it was discovered that the current bachelor’s degree programme of Kiang Wu Nursing College played an important role in influencing the formation of students’ professional identity. Most students constructed their professional identity by solving people’s health problems and assisting others in developing a healthy lifestyle through their practice in clinical environment and in daily life. In addition to the programme, other aspects including the College’s caring culture, faculty’s role model of effective and appropriate behaviours, connection between the Hospital and the College, as well as students’ personal factors all contribute to the formation of students’ sense of professional identity. / On the basis of the above findings, the present study puts forward some suggestions with regard to nursing education and in the interest of future studies, in order to improve the programme philosophy and programme design for the fostering of students’ sense of professional identity, as well as to optimize the humanistic and environmental attributes for the further enhancement of the quality of nursing education and for the cultivation of nursing professionals who demonstrate civic professionalism. In addition, the study discusses some of the relevant theories and notions, and proposes revisions or solutions for their deficiencies. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 尹一橋. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 331-350). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Yin Yiqiao.

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Comparative Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Comparative Literature / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This thesis is a study of neutrality and collaboration during the Second World War in East Asia. It analyses the relations between China and Portugal during the conflict and the immediate post-war period, with a particular focus on the enclave of Macau, the only foreign-administered territory in China not to be occupied by Japan. It argues that the practice of Portuguese neutrality in East Asia was marked by great ambivalence and used by different actors for their own, often conflicting, ends. In social history terms, Macau was part of the war, with comparable experiences to other cities in China, including a massive refugee influx, as well as everyday experiences of hunger, popular mobilisation for relief, and urban crime. Wartime Macau was marked by multiple layers of collaboration involving Chinese, Portuguese, British, Japanese, and others. This thesis also argues that wartime issues left unsolved had an impact on Sino-Portuguese relations after the war. Its dealings with a small European imperial power reveal China's attempts and difficulties to exercise its regained sovereignty and new international status.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one important response to the increasing amounts of criticism levelled at corporations. A number of studies have focused on CSR in a range of industries; however, some contentious industries, e.g. the gambling industry, remain unexplored. Mobilizing CSR in a novel setting not only enhances the knowledge of CSR and gambling, but also provides an overview of this industry itself. This thesis attempts to investigate three questions: to what extent does the gambling industry disclose CSR-related data, how is CSR understood in this industry and why does the gambling industry engage in CSR? This thesis provides a general overview of the international gambling industry and an in-depth investigation of Macao's gambling industry. The research design of the thesis employs mixed methods: content analysis and semi-structured interviews. The principal research is based on 49 interviews. This thesis advances three main arguments. First, it will be argued that there are relatively low volumes of Corporate Social Disclosure (CSD) and Responsible Gambling (RG) disclosure in the international gambling industry, which can be viewed as a legitimising strategy. Second, in Macao's gambling industry, it is argued that organisations in this industry tend to place a greater emphasis on positive social impacts, while obscuring such negative impacts as gambling addiction and health-related issues. Third, this thesis holds that organisations in Macao's gambling industry engage symbolically, rather than substantively, with CSR and RG in order to manage stakeholders' perceptions in an attempt to gain different sources of legitimacy and in turn to enhance its economic interests. In conclusion, the gambling industry does not entirely conform to the institutional environment, which poses a challenge to the organisational legitimacy literature. This thesis introduces a necessary caution into the discussions about the extent of CSD, CSR, and RG in this industry more generally.

本文以早期中葡貿易瓷器為主要研究對象，具體時期為澳門開埠前期，即大約1553年至1600年之間。根據文獻記載，葡萄牙人於1514年首次到達中國，此後由於中葡關係一度交惡，未得官方許可的葡商遊走於中國海域的各個離島，與沿海商人暗中進行走私貿易。直到1553年（葡文獻記載為1557年），葡萄牙人佔據澳門，並逐漸將其發展成為葡萄牙對中及亞洲貿易的主要據點，中葡貿易的規模才迅速增長，並趨穩定，保持了隨後近一個世紀的繁盛。 / 澳門開埠，標誌著中葡貿易進入一個新的階段，這一變化亦清晰地反映在作為商品的瓷器之上，除數量的激增外，為了滿足歐洲市場的需要，一批具有全新風格及功能的外銷瓷器被生產出來，這類瓷器即是本文研究和討論的重點。以往由於實物資料的缺乏，以及對克拉克瓷研究的單一關注，學界對澳門開埠前期貿易瓷器面貌的認識長期不足。因此，本文將集中對此時期的貿易瓷器進行系統的整理和分析。 / 學界通常認為，十六、十七世紀之交流行的克拉克瓷器（Kraak Porcelain），是外銷青花瓷器專為歐洲市場創造的全新風格，然而筆者通過近年來對澳門及葡萄牙本土遺址出土瓷器材料的研究與考察，認為這種風格的創新，在澳門開埠不久（即十六世紀中期）已見端倪。因此，本文將選取葡萄牙內陸科英布拉市一處修道院遺址出土的中國瓷器，作為澳門開埠前期貿易瓷器的代表材料，與此前暢銷於東南亞及中東市場的中國瓷器、中葡貿易離島時期所交易的瓷器進行比對，由類型、紋樣及尺寸等方面入手，論證貿易瓷器品貌的巨大轉變發生在澳門開埠前期（1553-1600年）。並在此基礎上，結合文獻檔案及實物資料，進一步論證瓷器面貌發生轉變的原因，是對於歐洲市場審美與功能需要的契合，得出專供歐洲市場的中國外銷瓷產生於澳門開埠前期的結論，挑戰對於克拉克瓷器的傳統認知。 / 最後，本文對貿易瓷器生產的不同階段及其紋樣及類型的發展趨勢進行考證，與後期出現的克拉克瓷器進行比對，理解貿易瓷器的生產革新對於克拉克瓷的先導作用。研究結果亦可釐清十六世紀中後期外銷瓷器的類型與紋樣特徵，完善我們對明代瓷器風貌的認識。 / This thesis mainly focuses on the research of Sino-Portuguese trade porcelain during the early days of Macau’s colonization (between 1553 to 1600 AD). According to historical texts, the Portuguese first arrived in China in 1514 AD. However, because of poor diplomatic relations, the Portuguese resorted to smuggling along the Chinese coasts and neighbouring islands, since they were forbidden to trade near the mainland. It wasn’t until 1553 AD (1557 AD in Portuguese historical texts), the Portuguese occupied Macau and gradually developed it into a main stronghold of Sino-Portuguese maritime trade. Since then, the Sino-Portuguese trade rapidly grew and transitioned into a stable, prosperous business, which lasted almost a century. / Macau’s colonization signified a new stage in Sino-Portuguese trade, which was clearly reflected on porcelain goods. In addition to the increase of quantity, export porcelain with new styles and functions were produced to meet the European market’s demand. These products are the focus of this thesis. In the past, academic research on porcelain during the early period of Macau’s colonization was inadequate due to the lack of first-hand material and the sole focus of Kraak Porcelain. Therefore, this thesis will systematically analyze and categorize the export porcelain during this time period. / Academics generally believed that Kraak Porcelain between the 16th and 17th Centuries was a new trend for the European market. However, through the research and investigations of porcelains unearthed in Macau and Portuguese sites, the writer believes the trend already existed during the early period of Macau’s colonization (mid-16th Century). Therefore, this thesis will use the porcelains unearthed in a monastery site at Coimbra, Portugal as typical research materials, and compare them with the porcelains traded in the Southeast Asian and Middle Eastern markets, along with the early trade porcelains between Chinese and Portuguese merchants (before 1553). Thereby proving the transition and time period of the emergence of export porcelain through types, decoration and dimension. On this basis, combined with historical information and factual evidence, further discuss the change of export porcelain, and its correlation with the aesthetic and functional requirements of the European market. / Last but not least, this thesis will attempt to make the reader understand the transition and innovation of export porcelains may play a leading role to the development of Kraak Porcelain. This will be achieved through comparing the investigation of the different developmental stages of the types and decoration of export porcelains, with Kraak Porcelain, which appeared at a later time period. The research results can also clarify the characteristics of types and decorations of export porcelains during the mid and late 16th Century, which provides a holistic understanding of Ming Dynasty porcelain traits. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 王冠宇. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254-270). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Wang Guanyu.

Epidemiological studies show that China has a lower prevalence rate of major depression than that of Western countries. The disparity in prevalence is commonly attributed to the tendency of Chinese to somatize depression. Empirical evidence of Chinese somatization has yielded mixed results. The present study thus aimed to 1) examine differences in somatic and psychological symptom reporting between Chinese from Macau and Americans in America and 2) identify cultural and psychological variables that would predict somatization. Independent and interdependent self-construals, sociotropy, and emotional approach coping were hypothesized to predict somatization of depression. Participants included 353 Chinese and 491 American college students who completed self-report measures online. Contrary to prediction, results indicated that Americans endorsed a higher proportion of somatic symptoms than Chinese did. Sociotropy predicted both relative endorsement and severity of somatic symptoms for the American sample, whereas emotional expression coping was related to somatization in the Chinese sample. The findings challenge the common assumption of greater Chinese somatization and highlight the importance of context in understanding the relationships between somatization and cultural and psychological variables. Implications of the present study and future directions are discussed.

Establishment of libraries and schools was initially the core activity of the revolutionaries in Macao; and modernized Cantonese dramas were used as a means to promote the idea of overthrowing the Qing Dynasty. Whilst local residents were barely enlightened by such effort, members of Chinese United League initiated a military force in Macao to invade Shiqi and successfully took over Xiguan, respectively in the vicinity of and in Guangzhou, in November of 1911. / In the 1920's, led by Sun Yat-sen, the military government of Guangzhou provided armed support to the Chinese labors in Macao and sent battleships to garrison duty in the inner harbor in preparation of reclaiming the territory in 1922. Such effort, however, was put to a halt when the Presidential Palace was bombarded by an army headed by Chen Jionming. / Since the "Nationalist revolution" (Guomin geming) concept got its first hearing in the Revolutionary Tactics of Chinese United League (Tongmeng hui Geming Fanglue), it became a popular slogan used by revolutionaries from early 1900's to mid-1920's. During the period, South China region was the hub of revolutionary movement; and, with its colonial identity, Macao played a unique role in it. / Subsequent to establishment of the Republic of China, a significant number of members of the Chinese Revolutionary Party (Zhonghua Gemingdang) fled to Macao to pursue the anti-Yuan Shikai movement. With the major revolutionaries being closely watched over and suppressed by the Macao Portuguese government as well as the warlord administration in Guangdong, most of the military uprisings planned in Macao eventually came to failure. / When the First United Front of the Chinese Nationalist Party and the Communist Party of China was formed, members of both parties arrived at Macao to support the Guangzhou-Hong Kong General Strike of 1925 as well as to plan for a strike in Macao. However, due to the struggle between the Guomindang and the Chinese Communist Party and subsequent Northern Expedition, Macao's role in the "Nationalist revolution" diminished and finally came to an end in 1926. / 何偉傑. / Adviser: Choi Chi Cheung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 71-01, Section: A, page: 0291. / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong,2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 293-342). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / He Weijie.