O presente trabalho consiste no estudo dos aspectos interpretativos relacionados à execução dos 24 Prelúdios Op. 28 de Chopin. Por meio de análises musicais e bibliográficas da obra, do estudo do ciclo ao piano, bem como da comparação crítica de diferentes edições e gravações disponíveis dos Prelúdios, esta pesquisa apresenta reflexões técnico-interpretativas que envolvem a construção da performance da obra, considerando as tradições interpretativas em Chopin. Foram utilizadas fontes primárias dos Prelúdios como os manuscritos autógrafos, sketches, cópias manuscritas, primeiras edições e partituras anotadas de alunos de Chopin. As análises realizadas dos parâmetros da escrita do compositor permitiram uma melhor compreensão de seu estilo e linguagem, o que se aplica não apenas aos Prelúdios, mas também à performance de qualquer uma de suas obras. Além disso, alguns trechos dos Prelúdios foram executados em um piano histórico, Érard de cordas paralelas, para fins de contextualizar a performance e recriar efeitos sonoros semelhantes em pianos modernos, sobretudo no que se refere à pedalização. A partir disso, vários aspectos interpretativos da obra foram esclarecidos e explicitados, como a utilização do pedal longo para efeitos timbrísticos, a execução simultânea do ritmo pontuado do Prelúdio n. 9, a conotação expressiva dos acentos longos, a concepção de Chopin aos andamentos Lento, Largo, Andante e Vivace, as ocasiões em que o termo stretto não significa acelerar, a questão da fórmula de compasso original 3/2 que promove fluência ao n. 13, entre outros. Assim, o trabalho apresenta diversas possibilidades interpretativas que só foram possíveis por meio da investigação minuciosa e profunda de fontes originais e experimentação em piano de época. O trabalho divide-se em dois capítulos, sendo o primeiro referente a tópicos gerais como articulação, dinâmica, agógica (rubato), ornamentos, dedilhado, pedal e piano Pleyel. Já o segundo capítulo contempla os aspectos técnico-interpretativos dos 24 Prelúdios. / This research studies the interpretive aspects related to the performance of Chopin´s 24 Preludes Op. 28. Through the analysis of the musical text, bibliographical material, study of the piece at the piano, and comparison of different editions and recordings of the Preludes, this work offers reflections on the technical-interpretive features involved in performing the Op. 28 considering Chopin´s interpretational traditions. By using the primary sources of the Preludes such as autographs, sketches, first editions, and Chopin´s pupils annotated copies, we investigate the composer´s writing aspects in order to promote a better understanding of his musical style, which applies to the performance of the Op. 28 itself as well as any other piece by the composer. Furthermore, parts of the Preludes were played in a historical piano, a 19th century Érard with parallel strings, in order to contextualize the performance and to recreate similar sound effects in modern pianos, notably regarding pedaling. From that, several interpretive aspects of the piece were clarified and made explicit, such as the use of long pedal for color effects; the simultaneous attack for the dotted rhythmic figure in Prelude n. 9; the meaning of long accents; the composer´s conception for some tempo markings; when stretto does not mean to accelerate; the case of the originally notated time signature 3/2 in n. 13, among others. Thus, this study offers several interpretive possibilities achieved only by means of a meticulous and deep research work that investigates the original sources and experimentation in historical pianos. The study presents two chapters, the first one addressing topics such as articulation, dynamics, agogic (rubato), ornaments, fingering, pedal, and Pleyel pianos. The second chapter is dedicated to the technical-interpretive elements in the 24 Preludes.

O presente trabalho consiste no estudo dos aspectos interpretativos relacionados à execução dos 24 Prelúdios Op. 28 de Chopin. Por meio de análises musicais e bibliográficas da obra, do estudo do ciclo ao piano, bem como da comparação crítica de diferentes edições e gravações disponíveis dos Prelúdios, esta pesquisa apresenta reflexões técnico-interpretativas que envolvem a construção da performance da obra, considerando as tradições interpretativas em Chopin. Foram utilizadas fontes primárias dos Prelúdios como os manuscritos autógrafos, sketches, cópias manuscritas, primeiras edições e partituras anotadas de alunos de Chopin. As análises realizadas dos parâmetros da escrita do compositor permitiram uma melhor compreensão de seu estilo e linguagem, o que se aplica não apenas aos Prelúdios, mas também à performance de qualquer uma de suas obras. Além disso, alguns trechos dos Prelúdios foram executados em um piano histórico, Érard de cordas paralelas, para fins de contextualizar a performance e recriar efeitos sonoros semelhantes em pianos modernos, sobretudo no que se refere à pedalização. A partir disso, vários aspectos interpretativos da obra foram esclarecidos e explicitados, como a utilização do pedal longo para efeitos timbrísticos, a execução simultânea do ritmo pontuado do Prelúdio n. 9, a conotação expressiva dos acentos longos, a concepção de Chopin aos andamentos Lento, Largo, Andante e Vivace, as ocasiões em que o termo stretto não significa acelerar, a questão da fórmula de compasso original 3/2 que promove fluência ao n. 13, entre outros. Assim, o trabalho apresenta diversas possibilidades interpretativas que só foram possíveis por meio da investigação minuciosa e profunda de fontes originais e experimentação em piano de época. O trabalho divide-se em dois capítulos, sendo o primeiro referente a tópicos gerais como articulação, dinâmica, agógica (rubato), ornamentos, dedilhado, pedal e piano Pleyel. Já o segundo capítulo contempla os aspectos técnico-interpretativos dos 24 Prelúdios. / This research studies the interpretive aspects related to the performance of Chopin´s 24 Preludes Op. 28. Through the analysis of the musical text, bibliographical material, study of the piece at the piano, and comparison of different editions and recordings of the Preludes, this work offers reflections on the technical-interpretive features involved in performing the Op. 28 considering Chopin´s interpretational traditions. By using the primary sources of the Preludes such as autographs, sketches, first editions, and Chopin´s pupils annotated copies, we investigate the composer´s writing aspects in order to promote a better understanding of his musical style, which applies to the performance of the Op. 28 itself as well as any other piece by the composer. Furthermore, parts of the Preludes were played in a historical piano, a 19th century Érard with parallel strings, in order to contextualize the performance and to recreate similar sound effects in modern pianos, notably regarding pedaling. From that, several interpretive aspects of the piece were clarified and made explicit, such as the use of long pedal for color effects; the simultaneous attack for the dotted rhythmic figure in Prelude n. 9; the meaning of long accents; the composer´s conception for some tempo markings; when stretto does not mean to accelerate; the case of the originally notated time signature 3/2 in n. 13, among others. Thus, this study offers several interpretive possibilities achieved only by means of a meticulous and deep research work that investigates the original sources and experimentation in historical pianos. The study presents two chapters, the first one addressing topics such as articulation, dynamics, agogic (rubato), ornaments, fingering, pedal, and Pleyel pianos. The second chapter is dedicated to the technical-interpretive elements in the 24 Preludes.

Middle Tennessee State Univ., Diss.--Murfreesboro, 1992. / Literaturverz. S. [99] - 102.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:07:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silvestre_mac_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1058248 bytes, checksum: e70b578fe0efbfc570ae4b9d956b67f1 (MD5) / Esta tese discute o caráter feminista da obra de Kate Chopin (1851-1904) ao abordar determinados aspectos da condição da mulher do final do século XIX, principalmente no que diz respeito a temas como casamento, família, liberdade, trabalho, submissão e emancipação. A escritora americana levanta questões polêmicas sobre a identidade da mulher, por meio da caracterização das personagens femininas na narrativa, quer em situações ligadas à identidade social, quer em relacionamentos amorosos. Embora, muitas vezes, utilize-se de recursos que, aparentemente, negam uma discussão direta a respeito dessas questões, Kate Chopin acaba revelando seu descontentamento com as opressões sofridas pela mulher, quase sempre associadas às diferenças sexuais e às tradições e cria, para isso, uma estrutura narrativa em que a luta pela identidade feminina se faz presente, seja de forma explícita ou indireta. Além de um estudo aprofundado da temática dos contos, são observados e analisados, entre outras coisas, elementos textuais importantes como o foco narrativo, a caracterização e representação das personagens (principalmente as femininas), bem como as relações de tempo e espaço e o uso da ironia. A crítica literária feminista, mais especificamente a Ginocrítica, que tem Elaine Showalter como principal representante, também faz parte do referencial teórico da tese. / The present study aims to discuss Kate Chopin's (1851-1904) feminist view about some aspects related to the condition of women at the end of the nineteenth century, especially concerning themes such as marriage, family, freedom, work, submission and emancipation. The American writer raises these polemic issues about feminine identity through the character's representation in the narrative, as in situations related to social identity, as when they are involved in love relationships. Although she has often used narrative devices that apparently deny a direct discussion of these questions, Kate Chopin reveals her dissatisfaction with the oppression suffered by women, due to sexual differences and traditional values, creating a narrative structure in which the struggle for a feminine identity is presented, explicitly or implicitly. Thus, besides an analysis of the themes in Chopin's short stories, some important devices are observed, such as point of view, character portrayal (mainly the feminine ones), as well as time and space relations and the use of irony. Feminist criticism, especially Elaine Showalter's Ginocritics, is also used as part of theoretical framework.

Both of the Chopin concertos are the earliest of his works to be found in the ordinary piano repertoire, and they possess the direct influences and inherited traits of the composer. Since he did no more orchestral work after completing these two works, it is evident that he thought only in terms of pianistic expression. Probably one of the reasons for Chopin's ineffectiveness as an orchestral writer is due to his inability to conform to the classical form: sonata allegro. The e minor concerto is representative of his treatment of the larger forms. Analyzing the elements of an early work of the composer reveals the degree of maturity in individual traits. Elements of basic chord structure and use of harmony, melodic characteristics, and pianistic expression mark the style of a composer. This concerto demonstrates the beginning of chromatic harmony in his time and in his own writing; it contains melodic beauty and pianistic features which make it acceptable in standard concerto repertoire in spite of its many defects.

The romantic piano literature contains three important collections of nocturnes. The nocturnes of John Field (1782-1837) were the first to appear, and were followed by collections from Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) and Gabriel Faure (1845-1924). While the relationship of the nocturnes of Field to those of Chopin is well documented, the corresponding relationship between Faure and Chopin is not. This study contains a detailed examination of this relationship, and shows the precise nature of Chopin's strong influence on Faure's early nocturnes, as well as the nature of Faure's growth from that influence. Chopin's influence was strongest in the area of harmonic language, as Faure carried certain of Chopin's techniques to logical extremes. Faure also adopted ternary form as the important form for the piece from Chopin. Faure's use of this form shows both similarities and differences from that found in Chopin. Faure's early nocturnes employ the same basic textures as Chopin's nocturnes, but Faure's later works abandon this in favor of increasingly contrapuntal writing. Chopin's influence is weakest in the area of melodic construction, as Faure's melodies often show a rigorous motivic construction which is not found in Chopin.

The preludes as a whole do not conform to any specific formal mold, but offer a variety of form: binary, ternary, one-part, and five-part. As such, no new formal structures have been introduced by this "first" of the nineteenth century and twentieth century "disconnected" preludes. On the other hand, they are a heterogenous collection of styles, moods, and forms--a precedent that was followed by Debussy, Rachmoninoff, and various others. To determine the degree to which Chopin was harmonically advanced would require comparative analyses of works by his contemporaries and later nineteenth-century composers. Suffice it to say that one would be hard put to locate a collection of compositions of similar length and scope, written in the 1820's, that contains the wealth of harmonic innovations found within Opus 28.

No romance The Awakening (1899), de Kate Chopin, a busca da individualidade e da liberdade financeira e sexual da protagonista Edna Pontellier fundem-se à tentativa de realização do amor extraconjugal, que, frustradas, a levam ao suicídio. Essa busca frustrada carrega em si contradições históricas inerentes à ideologia burguesa, que promete igualdade a todos, mas não permite a realização concreta de tal promessa. Essas contradições se fazem presentes não apenas no tema do romance, mas em sua estrutura formal: o recorte sócio-histórico do romance implica uma série de fissuras em sua estrutura, também reveladoras de contradições ideológicas. Para a análise dessa obra, faz-se necessário o estudo das relações sociais traçadas no romance e suas implicações estéticas, como a questão do narrador onisciente e do desenvolvimento da narrativa, os limites desta, bem como os limites da ideologia da modernização. / In The Awakening (1899) the protagonist\'s search for individuality, economic and sexual freedom merge with the attempt of finding fulfillment outside her marriage. When these possibilities are frustrated, she is drawn to suicide. This unsuccessful quest carries within itself the historical contradictions which are inherent to the bourgeois ideology, which promises equality for all but eventually fails to keep its promise. These contradictions are present not only in the content of the novel, but in its formal structure as well: the historical and social frame of the novel entangles several breaks in its structure, which also reveal ideological contradictions. In order to analyze this novel, it is mandatory to study the social relationships established in it and its aesthetic implications, as well as the question of the omniscient narrator and of how the narrative unfolds; the limits of the latter as well as the limits of the ideology of modernization.

No romance The Awakening (1899), de Kate Chopin, a busca da individualidade e da liberdade financeira e sexual da protagonista Edna Pontellier fundem-se à tentativa de realização do amor extraconjugal, que, frustradas, a levam ao suicídio. Essa busca frustrada carrega em si contradições históricas inerentes à ideologia burguesa, que promete igualdade a todos, mas não permite a realização concreta de tal promessa. Essas contradições se fazem presentes não apenas no tema do romance, mas em sua estrutura formal: o recorte sócio-histórico do romance implica uma série de fissuras em sua estrutura, também reveladoras de contradições ideológicas. Para a análise dessa obra, faz-se necessário o estudo das relações sociais traçadas no romance e suas implicações estéticas, como a questão do narrador onisciente e do desenvolvimento da narrativa, os limites desta, bem como os limites da ideologia da modernização. / In The Awakening (1899) the protagonist\'s search for individuality, economic and sexual freedom merge with the attempt of finding fulfillment outside her marriage. When these possibilities are frustrated, she is drawn to suicide. This unsuccessful quest carries within itself the historical contradictions which are inherent to the bourgeois ideology, which promises equality for all but eventually fails to keep its promise. These contradictions are present not only in the content of the novel, but in its formal structure as well: the historical and social frame of the novel entangles several breaks in its structure, which also reveal ideological contradictions. In order to analyze this novel, it is mandatory to study the social relationships established in it and its aesthetic implications, as well as the question of the omniscient narrator and of how the narrative unfolds; the limits of the latter as well as the limits of the ideology of modernization.

Music scholars have long been trying to determine the major influences on the Ballades of Fryderyk Chopin. Some, like Karol Berger, have pointed to ideological influences of the Polish emigration in Paris, while others, like James Parakilas, have given credit to the generic characteristics of the European literary ballad. In my own view, however, the most salient extra-musical factor in the background to Chopin's Ballades are Ballady, a series of poems by the 19th century Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz. / After Chopin's death, Mickiewicz's Ballady were frequently associated with Chopin's Ballades, and in the first chapter I demonstrate this by examining the reception history of these works. In the next chapter I analyze the ideology of the Polish emigration in Paris, including prominent themes of alienation, powerlessness, morbid anxiety, pilgrimage, and nostalgia, which were used by that expatriate society to identify itself. Finally, in the third chapter, I trace analogies between these themes and their manifestations in Mickiewicz's Ballady. This analysis of Mickiewicz's poems forms the basis of my interpretation of Chopin's Second Ballade, where I discuss how certain textual and thematic features of the poems taken as a group can be mapped onto the form and musical discourse of the piano piece. / In sum, although the associations between specific poems and Chopin's Ballades have been made by many authors, no one has distilled a single narrative archetype from the group of Mickiewicz's Ballady to apply to Chopin's works.