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The optimization theory assumes that males of insects with separate adult generations should preferentially invest into the mating if there are the most fresh females; in other times they should save energy and focus on maintenance activities. Based on this assumption, butterfly behaviour should change with season, population density (mainly the sex ratio) and day time. To explore these assumptions, we used mark recapture data obtained from several mark-recapture studies, which contained records of behaviour of each handled individual. In total, we analysed data on 14 species, 24 ``butterfly-seasons{\crqq}, 21 737 individuals (14 228 males, 7 509 females). We subjected the behavioural data to ordination analyses controlled for weather effects. For daily patterns, morning and afternoon activities comprise mainly of maintenance activities, while mating seems to occur in middays. Regarding seasonal patterns, males of most of the species switched from mating behaviour to maintenance behaviour. No prevailing trend applied to females, in which we found both transitions from mating behaviour to maintenance activities and opposite patterns. Density predictors (sex ration, daily population size) revealed changes in mating behaviour of one sex with changing the abundance of the other sex. In conclusion, exploring mark-recapture data for behavioural patterns proved to be fruitful, but cannot fully replace studying behaviour via more traditional ethological methods.

This diploma thesis investigates the possibilities of using the horsemanship to help children and young people with behaviour disabilities. It is divided into seven thematic parts. At the beginning, there is the definition of the group of children and young people with behaviour disabilities. The second part, called ethology of the horse, describes the most important characteristics of the horses. The following part defines the term hypo rehabilitation. The most important characteristics of the horse, which are successfully used in therapy, are presented in the forth part. The fifth part characterizes the horsemanship and its most important representatives. The following part shows, why is horsemanship well suited to be used for this kind of clients. The last part deals with the horse therapy itself, with its effect on the client, with the role of the therapist, with the choice of horses for each kind of clients. The diploma thesis has proven the importance of the social behaviour of the horse in the therapy and the possibility of using it as a mirror in the work with people. Further, it has shown the necessity of future investigations in this field and the urgency of further education of the therapists in psychotherapy, ethology and communication with the horses.

This graduation theses deals with wine and beer consumers. Subject to research is behaviour of these. Principal aim is to explore concrete motives and grounds which lead to purchase of the products. For that I used an inquiry in a form of standardized interview, which was based on prepared-in-advance list of questions. I kept to my own findings acquired while observating consumers in society. I did the questioning between 9 and 20 november 2006. In the first part I attend to the issue of consumer behaviour theoretically, I bring in several basic definitions and therms and I introduce main psychological aspects that influence consumer behaviour on the market. In next chapter I analyse concrete motives, which lead the customer to purchase of beer and wine, by the medium of output data of the inquiry. I am particularly engaged in motives related to launching new product (resp. goods), in price impact on customer behaviour and in key needs, which the customers try to fulfil. This part of the grad. theses is divided into two sections. First section is aimed at main driving motives of the beer consumers. In the second section I deal with research on wine consumer behaviour. In the closing part obtained results are evaluated and likely utilization for (prospective) producers is outlined.

The Master´s Thesis deals with the category management on the supplier´s side. The main objective of the thesis is to find the best shelf optimization for the selected categories. In the theoretical part there are defined the main terms and the category management process. The analytical part is then focused on the whole category management process in Albert. The analytical part is based on primary and secondary data. The primary data consists of quantitative questionnaire, observation and interview with customers. The secondary data are based on MML-TGI research, GfK reports and Nielsen reports. In the thesis there is a big emphasis on the customer shopping behaviour. At the end of the thesis there are given shelf proposals and recommendations to the retailer.