Thesis. 1978. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 156-159. / M.S.

A fotografia surge no século XIX, fruto da industrialização e, como um novo modo de expressão, estimula novas formas pensar e fazer imagens. No início do século XX, motivado por estudos de sequencias fotográficas, nasce o cinema. As duas linguagens são resultado visível das estruturas da modernidade (desenvolvimento tecnológico, expansão industrial e cultura de massa) e impulsionaram a criação de novas formas de comunicação. Neste contexto surge um novo tipo de mídia: as revistas ilustradas com fotografias. Essa forma de publicação despontou na Europa, após o fim da Primeira Guerra Mundial e se espalhou pelo mundo impulsionada pela ascensão de regimes totalitários, que obrigou muitas pessoas ao exílio, ajudando a propagar as ideias do novo meio. Apoiadas na visualidade como principal veículo de discurso, ajudaram a consagrar o fotojornalismo como meio de comunicação. Provavelmente a revista ilustrada mais conhecida no mundo, a norte-americana Life, foi lançada em 26 de novembro de 1936. Seu projeto editorial baseava-se nos modelos europeus, que a transmitiam a informação por meio de reportagens fotográficas. Por privilegiarem a visualidade, as ilustradas são apontadas como o elo entre a fotografia e o cinema. Esta dissertação se propõe a analisar as características gerais da Life e a discutir os códigos visuais que ligam a linguagem das fotorreportagens à cinematografia. / Photography emerges in the 19th century, as a consequence of industrialization and, as a new fashion of expression, stimulates new ways of thinking and producing images. In the beginning of the 20th century, inspired by studies on photographic sequences, the cinema is born. Both languages are the result of the modern scenario (technological development, industrial expansion and mass culture) and boosted the creation of new means for communication. In this context a brand-new media is created: magazines illustrated with photographs. This way of printing first appeared in Europe, after World War I ended, and spread all over the world driven by the rise of totalitarian systems, forcing people into exile, helping to sow the ideas of the new media. Based on visibility as the main vehicle of speech, they established photojournalism as a communication tool. Life, possibly the most famous illustrated American magazine in the world, was launched in 1936. Its editing design was based in the European models favoring the broadcast of information through photo coverage. Because they favor the visual communication, the illustrated magazines are considered the connecting link between photography and cinema. The present thesis proposes to analyze the general features of Life magazine and to debate the visual codes that connect the ways of communication between photo-reportage and cinematography.

São muitas as parcerias no cinema, mas a que relaciona o diretor de cena ao diretor de fotografia é certamente a principal. A proposta desta dissertação de mestrado é analisar o estilo de fotografia criado por Eduard Tissé em três dos filmes que trabalhou com Eisenstein. A metodologia teórica da pesquisa baseia-se em Roland Barthes a partir da análise do artefato primeiro do cinema, que é o fotograma. As dimensões sociais ligadas ao materialismo dialético e suas aplicações ao filme, na forma como o espectador promove a leitura de sentidos, preocupavam o diretor soviético. Com isso evidencia-se o princípio conceitual de Eisenstein, desenvolvido pela célula de montagem, na visão da sua missão sócio-cultural em busca da fotografia do conflito. / There are many partnerships in the movie business, but that between director and director of photography is certainly the main one. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the style of photography created by Eduard Tissé in three of the movies he worked with Eisenstein. The theoretical research methodology is based on Roland Barthes from the analysis of the first film artifact: the frame. The social dimensions related to the dialectical materialism and its applications to the cinema - the way the audience reads the film sense - worried the soviet director. With that, the conceptual principle developed by Eisenstein is highlighted in search of the conflict cinematography.

A partir da análise do conceito de \'montagem\' cinematográfica na obra de Jean-Luc Godard e sua identificação com as noções de \'história\' e \'arquivo\', propõem-se \'exercícios\' que procuram explicar, de modo teórico-prático, a hipótese fundamental do projeto: a \'montagem\' é uma ferramenta que, apropriada pelas artes visuais, gera conhecimento e permite reordenar a história. A indagação teórica pensa a \'montagem\' como elemento que desliza do campo audiovisual. O conceito desloca-se no desenvolvimento de um trabalho que gera conexões com a produção artística, tanto quanto com a escrita da história por meio da arte. A primeira parte apresenta um processo de criação em artes visuais onde se desenvolvem \'exercícios de montagem\'. Como artista, coloco-me numa situação de deslocamento, vivendo como estrangeiro na cidade de São Paulo. A série de trabalhos é feita por meio da identificação da história econômica do café, como peça fundamental na construção do estado moderno brasileiro e colombiano. Os trabalhos buscam a emergência de narrações, novos olhares que podem aparecer no choque de imagens, na \'montagem\' como ferramenta para recontar uma história. A segunda parte apresenta um ensaio, que em sua estrutura, é proposto como um \'filme\'. Este exercício literário tem foco na história da arte colombiana e procura ser um contraponto teórico ao processo de criação em artes visuais. / The analysis of the cinematographic notion of \'montage\' in the work of Jean-Luc Godard, as well as its relation with \'history\' and \'archive\', are the points of departure to explain the main concept of this project: \'Montage\' is a tool which, when appropriated by the Visual Arts, produces knowledge and enables the rearrangement of history. The theoretical framework places \'montage\' as an element that escapes the audiovisual field. Here, the concept is widened to enable connections with artistic production, as well as with the writing of history through art. The first part deals with a creation process, where \'montage exercises\' took place. As an artist, I find myself in a situation of displacement, by living as a foreigner in the city of Sao Paulo; works were thereby created by identifying the economic history of coffee as a fundamental element of the formation of the modern states of Brazil and Colombia. The work inquires about narrations and produces a new gaze in the clash of images, and work as a tool in the \'montage\' to retell a history. The second part is an essay, a literary exercise that in its structure is proposed as a \'film\'. It focuses on the history of Colombian Art, and looks for a theoretical counterpoint to the creative process of visual arts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis addresses the principles of cinematography and their significance for the visual outcome of a film. The purpose is to examine the importance of the principles for modern film and this is done through a study on how the principles are used and not used in the films Children of Men and Clerks II. The two films investigated are both known for being experimental and modern in their use of cinematography, and was therefore found suitable for this thesis. The limitation with this study is that only the four main principles of cinematography are analysed: camera angles, framings, points of view and camera movement, and they are only analysed in one shot from each film examined. In the results, the four main principles were investigated when and when not applied in the specific shot from each film. In the film Children of Men the breaking of the principle of point of view was most central, but the principle of framings and camera movement were in some cases also not applied. The only principle actually followed in this shot was the principle of camera angles. In the other film examined, Clerks II, the breaking of the principle of camera movement and camera angles was most central together with the breaking of the 180 degree rule. The principles that were followed in this clip were framings and points of view. In the conclusion the results were discussed and also the possibility of effects on the viewer, when breaking the principles. Different ideas of possible effects on the viewer were presented, but they all had disorientation in common. The possible outcome of disregarding the principles of cinematography ended up being misleading the viewer away from the narrative.

Animation is popularly thought of as a sequence of still images or cartoons that produce an illusion of movement. However, a broader perspective of animation should encompass the diverse kinds of media artifacts imbued with the illusion of life. In many multimedia artifacts today, computational media algorithmically implement expanded illusions of life, which include images not only moving, but also showing reactions to stimuli (reactive animation), transforming according to their own internal rules (autonomous animation), evolving over a period of time (metamorphic animation), or even generating varying instances subject to user intervention or chance (contingent animation). Animation in the digital age consists of forms as varied as computer-generated imagery (CGI) in films, motion graphics on interactive multimedia websites, animated contents of video games, graphical interfaces of computer systems, and even digital signage in communal areas. With these forms, the new animation phenomena emerge from entertainment media, functional designs, and expressive works alike, all of which may engage viewers' sensory perceptions, cognitive processes, as well as motor actions. Hence, the study and creation of animation now requires an interdisciplinary framework, including (1) insights from perceptual psychology and animation studies about animacy, (2) theories of conceptual blending from cognitive science applied to understanding images, (3) notions of embodiment and temporality in phenomenological approaches to human-computer interaction (HCI), and (4) new interpretations of liveness in performance studies accounts of computer-mediated performance. These emergent ideas jointly characterize the new role of animation in media, and produce new possibilities for more embodied, evocative, and affective forms of generative and interactive animation.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, August, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

This report summarizes the process of writing, developing, directing and completing the short film In This Place. This film was produced as my graduate thesis film in the Department of Radio-Television-Film at the University of Texas at Austin in partial fulfillment of my Master of Fine Arts in Film Production degree. / text

Virtual camera control is nowadays an essential component in many computer graphics applications. Despite its importance, current approaches remain limited in their expressiveness, interactive nature and performances. Typically, elements of directorial style and genre cannot be easily modeled nor simulated due to the lack of simultaneous control in viewpoint computation, camera path planning and editing. Second, there is a lack in exploring the creative potential behind the coupling of a human with an intelligent system to assist users in the complex task of designing cinematographic sequences. Finally, most techniques are based on computationally expensive optimization techniques performed in a 6D search space, which prevents their application to real-time contexts. In this thesis, we first propose a unifying approach which handles four key aspects of cinematography (viewpoint computation, camera path planning, editing and visibility computation) in an expressive model which accounts for some elements of directorial style. We then propose a workflow allowing to combine automated intelligence with user interaction. We finally present a novel and efficient approach to virtual camera control which reduces the search space from 6D to 3D and has the potential to replace a number of existing formulations.