Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia Social e do Trabalho, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social, do Trabalho e das Organizações, 2015. / Submitted by Ana Cristina Barbosa da Silva (annabds@hotmail.com) on 2015-04-06T18:19:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LigiaAbreuGomesCruz.pdf: 1646195 bytes, checksum: 357332fa06662e0fd85c9e625d24cd60 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2015-04-16T18:19:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LigiaAbreuGomesCruz.pdf: 1646195 bytes, checksum: 357332fa06662e0fd85c9e625d24cd60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T18:19:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_LigiaAbreuGomesCruz.pdf: 1646195 bytes, checksum: 357332fa06662e0fd85c9e625d24cd60 (MD5) / Uma das principais características do uso da comunicação quando se quer persuadir é o framing de mensagens para gerar mudança de comportamento. Framings - a seleção de aspectos do contexto ou de argumentos para influenciar a percepção do individuo – são veiculados diariamente, por meio de cartazes, avisos, anúncios em rádio e televisão, palestras, dizeres populares, entre outros. Quando o tema é a promoção de comportamento pró-ambiental, o uso da estratégia antecedente informacional, que operacionaliza framings em mensagens pró-ambientais, tornou-se alvo de um número considerável de pesquisas em psicologia social e ambiental. No entanto, essas mesmas mensagens comunicadas no dia-a-dia, quando formalizadas, por exemplo, em cartazes, recorrem a intuição, inspiração artística e senso comum, não a fundamentos científicos. Esta dissertação parte do pressuposto de que as mensagens pró-ambientais serão mais eficazes se forem derivadas empírica ou teoricamente, incluindo as variáveis mais influentes no comportamento em questão. Para encorajar a prática fundamentada, dois manuscritos se dirigem a problemas essenciais: a falta de descrição empírica da comunicação pró-ambiental brasileira e a necessidade de um modelo integrativo de variáveis antecedentes. No Manuscrito 1 um procedimento de categorização foi elaborado e permitiu investigar características de cartazes brasileiros, como a estratégia persuasiva (informacional, framing negativo e framing positivo), a ênfase sobre os impactos dos problemas ambientais o tipo de comportamento indicado, dentre outros. A predominância de certas características viabilizaram a discussão sobre as limitações na eficácia dos cartazes pró-ambientais brasileiros. Ao mesmo tempo, o estudo originou um sistema de categorização que pode ajudar a pesquisa e a intervenção na área.No Manuscrito 2 descreve-se a elaboração de um instrumento para verificar empiricamente um modelo integrativo de antecedentes do comportamento pró-ambiental: a teoria goal-framing. A escala identificou em dois estudos uma estrutura dimensional de goals, com boas propriedades psicométricas: situacional proximal e motivacional final. O conteúdo diferiu da previsão teórica de três goal-frames, mas demonstraram convergência com os valores supraordinais de Schwartz (auto-promoção e auto-transcendência). As possibilidades da teoria goal-framing como modelo para comportamentos pró-ambientais foram discutidas e a importância de estudos sobre a influência de goals nesse comportamento foi ressaltada. De forma geral, os manuscritos podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento científico de tentativas de promoção do comportamento pró-ambiental, que utilizam estratégias antecedentes informacionais. A descrição empírica e a elaboração de um sistema para categorização da comunicação pró-ambiental, bem como a construção de um instrumento que permita a seleção entre antecedentes intraindividuais do comportamento pró-ambiental, podem orientar a já popularizada utilização de framings. / One of the main characteristics of communication when there is a persuasive intent is the framing of messages to induce changes in behavior. Framings – the selection of situational aspects and arguments to influence individual´s perception – are popular in signs, warnings, announcements in radio and television, lectures, sayings, among others. When the topic is the promotion of pro-environmental behavior, the choice for informational antecedent strategies, which operationalize pro-environmental messages, has become the object of significant research in environmental and social psychology. However, when these messages are disseminated in daily life, formalized in signs, for example, they are based on intuition, artistry and common sense, not on a scientific basis. The underlying assumption of this dissertation is that pro-environmental messages will be more efficient when empirically or theoretically derived, including the most influent variables on the targeted behavior. To encourage a scientific practice, two manuscripts aimed at essential problems: the lack of empirical description of pro-environmental communication in Brazil, and the need for an integrative model of antecedent variables. In Manuscript 1, a procedure for categorization was elaborated and enabled the investigation of Brazilian signs´ characteristics, such as persuasive strategies (informational, negative framing, and positive framing), the emphasis on nature destruction´s impact, and the recommendation of behaviors, among others. The dominance of certain characteristics oriented a discussion about sign´s limitations in efficacy. At the same time, the study resulted in a categorization system which can help guiding research and intervention. Manuscript 2 describes the elaboration of an instrument to empirically verify an integrative model of pro-environmental behavior antecedents: the goal-framing theory. The scale identified in two studies a bidimensional goal structure, with good psychometric properties: Situational Proximal and Motivational Individual. The content differed from the theoretical prediction of three goal-frames, but demonstrated convergence to Schwartz´s higher-order values (self-promotion and self-transcendence). The possibilities of goal-framing theory as a model for pro-environmental behavior are discussed and the importance of studies aiming at goal´s influence on this behavior is highlighted. Overall, the manuscripts can contribute to scientific approches to promote pro-environmental behavior by using informational antecedent strategies. The empirical description and elaboration of an instrument that allows the selection of intraindividual antecedents of pro-environmental behavior can improve the popular and more intuitive use of framings.

This thesis addresses the principles of cinematography and their significance for the visual outcome of a film. The purpose is to examine the importance of the principles for modern film and this is done through a study on how the principles are used and not used in the films Children of Men and Clerks II. The two films investigated are both known for being experimental and modern in their use of cinematography, and was therefore found suitable for this thesis. The limitation with this study is that only the four main principles of cinematography are analysed: camera angles, framings, points of view and camera movement, and they are only analysed in one shot from each film examined. In the results, the four main principles were investigated when and when not applied in the specific shot from each film. In the film Children of Men the breaking of the principle of point of view was most central, but the principle of framings and camera movement were in some cases also not applied. The only principle actually followed in this shot was the principle of camera angles. In the other film examined, Clerks II, the breaking of the principle of camera movement and camera angles was most central together with the breaking of the 180 degree rule. The principles that were followed in this clip were framings and points of view. In the conclusion the results were discussed and also the possibility of effects on the viewer, when breaking the principles. Different ideas of possible effects on the viewer were presented, but they all had disorientation in common. The possible outcome of disregarding the principles of cinematography ended up being misleading the viewer away from the narrative.

In the masters´s thesis I make the layout documents of a building for living which will be used for 88 persons. The building is cellarless with five overhead floors and eight inbuilt garages. Peripheral structural framings are made of Porotherm blocks. The whole building is covered with flat roof.

This thesis explores textual and visual images of the EU in South Korea's three prestigious popular newspapers - Chosun Ilbo, Dong A Ilbo and Joong Ang Ilbo - and compares them to the imagery created by the internet versions of these newspapers. In recent years, much scholarly work has been done on the topics of EU imagery in print media, but no systemic attempt has yet been made to EU imagery in internet media. The thesis analyses EU news monitored daily in 12 months of 2008 (a year of the first G20 Summit in Washington and the 6th and 7th rounds of EU-Korea FTA negotiations). This study is interdisciplinary. The thesis draws on several significant theories and concepts from the media studies and linguistics. On top of this, a wide range of approaches of content and visual analysis were reviewed. The study then considers and adopts a multimethodological approach of content analysis (studies by Chaban and Holland) and of visual analysis (by Bain) based on visual semiotics. However, to cope with internet media it also adds several categories which add the notion of interactivity to the original content analysis. It incorporates categories originating from a social semiotic approach (elements of interactive and compositional meta-functions) into the original visual analysis. The results of this study are presented in three case studies. In the first section of each case study the thesis provides a comprehensive overview featuring the latest information and various perspectives (political, economic, social, environmental and developmental). The second section presents formal characteristics of EU images in print newspapers and their internet versions. The third section covers substantive characteristics in both versions. The last section suggests the results of visual analysis. The results of this thesis contribute to two areas of studies: EU external perception studies and internet communication studies: as well as enhancing a deeper understanding of EU-Korea relations.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-29T14:23:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dararaqueldefreitasfolly.pdf: 1531064 bytes, checksum: 8724dcb5591cdc3ee7ecbd7a408179d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-03-03T14:17:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dararaqueldefreitasfolly.pdf: 1531064 bytes, checksum: 8724dcb5591cdc3ee7ecbd7a408179d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T14:17:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dararaqueldefreitasfolly.pdf: 1531064 bytes, checksum: 8724dcb5591cdc3ee7ecbd7a408179d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-07 / Este trabalho é um estudo de caso que se alinha com as pesquisas da Sociolinguística Interacional e analisa a interação professor-aluno como reveladora dos movimentos de aproximação e afastamento no contexto institucionalizado da escola. Postulando que haja uma ligação direta entre a interação professor-aluno e a aprendizagem, fez-se uma microanálise de duas aulas filmadas num projeto de arte procurando responder às seguintes questões: como se caracteriza a interação professor-aluno em uma aula de arte no Projeto Café com Pão Arte conFusão, em termos dos alinhamentos dos participantes e dos enquadres evocados nessa situação, e que elementos linguístico-discursivos e contextuais são relevantes nessa interação? Foram analisados os papeis sociais, as relações de poder e as ações comunicativas do professor que encontram resposta favorável no aluno e aquelas que criam barreiras à interação. Concluiu-se que, no contexto específico das aulas gravadas, a relação entre a interação professor-aluno e a aprendizagem pode existir, mas não é a principal responsável pelos resultados alcançados no Projeto. A professora, em seu papel específico, não se revelou diferente dos padrões típicos como se esperava; mas sua atuação como dramaturga constroi eficazmente a interação com os alunos e torna sugestiva a conjugação entre o ensino de língua e a arte. / This work is a case study which relates to Interactional Sociolinguistics researches and analyzes the teacher-student interaction as revealing the movement towards and away from the institutionalized context of the school. Postulating that there is a direct link between teacher-student interaction and learning, a micro-analysis of two lectures recorded on a art project was made in order to answer the following questions: how to characterize the teacher-student interaction in an art class at projeto Café com Pão Arte conFusão, in terms of alignments of participants and framings evoked on this situation, and which linguistic-discursive and contextual elements are relevant in this interaction? We analyzed the social roles, power relations and communicative actions of the teacher are favorable response on the student and those that create barriers to interaction. It was concluded that, in the specific context of recorded classes , the relationship between teacher-student interaction and learning can exist, but it is not the main responsible for the results achieved in this project. The teacher, on herspecific role did not revealed different from the typical patterns as it was expected, but her acting as a playwright makes effectively the interaction with the students and renders suggestive the conjugation between the teaching of language and art.

Longtemps laissée pour compte dans les réponses au changement climatique, l’adaptation prend aujourd’hui tout son sens. Confrontées aux premiers impacts du changement climatique et aux projections de plus en plus alarmantes, les sociétés commencent à se questionner sur les possibilités d’ajuster leurs activités à ces modifications d’une rapidité sans précédent. Bien davantage qu’un processus technique, l’adaptation au changement climatique peut être considérée comme un phénomène social se déroulant en interaction avec de nombreuses autres évolutions sociétales. <p><p>Cette thèse en sciences et gestion de l’environnement s’intéresse à la problématique de l’adaptation au changement climatique en Wallonie, dans le secteur de la foresterie et, en partie, de la filière bois. En nous appuyant sur les apports de la littérature théorique, nous appréhendons la pratique de l’adaptation de manière empirique, en nous concentrant d’abord sur une catégorie spécifique d’acteurs de la gestion forestière :les propriétaires forestiers privés. Une enquête qualitative approfondie a permis d’identifier différentes formes d’intégration de l’adaptation au sein de la gestion forestière, concrétisées par diverses mesures sylvicoles. Ces analyses ont abouti à l’élaboration d’une typologie de profils de propriétaires forestiers en fonction de leurs modes d’action en matière d’adaptation. Grâce à ces premiers résultats, nous avons pu investiguer la capacité d’adaptation de ces acteurs forestiers, comprise comme l’aptitude à s’ajuster aux dommages ou opportunités du changement climatique. Plusieurs variables d’influence ont été identifiées, révélant la portée multifactorielle du concept de capacité d’adaptation. <p>Ensuite, la focale de la recherche s’est élargie pour étudier les processus d’intégration de la question de l’adaptation au changement climatique à l’œuvre à d’autres niveaux de la filière forêt-bois wallonne. A travers une revue documentaire, des interviews et de l’observation non-participante, nous avons mené une analyse des représentations de la problématique de l’adaptation et des initiatives concrètes qui se mettent en place au sein de plusieurs organisations (administrations publiques, asbl de sensibilisation et de vulgarisation, instituts de formation, fédérations professionnelles et entreprises privées) de la gestion forestière et de la transformation du bois. Ce travail a révélé l’existence – ou l’absence – de différentes conceptions (cadrages) de l’adaptation selon les acteurs investigués, révélant des influences sur les possibilités d’options d’adaptation actuellement encouragées ou freinées. Ces apports nous ont permis d’alimenter notre analyse de la capacité d’adaptation des propriétaires forestiers privés, montrant la pertinence de notre approche multi-scalaire. <p>Finalement, les résultats de cette thèse nous amènent à nous interroger sur les diverses stratégies qui peuvent être associées à de l’adaptation au changement climatique, sur le « succès » des différentes trajectoires possibles et sur leurs dénominations qui sont loin d’être neutres (telle que la notion de « sans regret »). <p><p><p><p><p><p><p>For a long time adaptation has been neglected in the responses to climate change. Now facing the early impacts of climate change and its increasingly alarming projections, societies are beginning to question the possibility to adjust their activities to these changes characterized by an unprecedented speed. Much more than a technical process, adaptation to climate change can be seen as a social phenomenon occurring in interaction with many other societal changes.<p><p>This doctoral thesis in environmental science and management focuses on the issue of climate change adaptation in Wallonia, in the forestry sector and, partially, the timber industry. In strong interaction with the theoretical literature, we understand the practice of adaptation empirically, focusing firstly on a specific category of actors in forest management: private forest owners. Through an in-depth qualitative study, we identified different forms of integration of adaptation in forest management, materialized by various silvicultural measures. This analysis led to the development of a typology of different profiles of private forest owners according to their modes of action on adaptation. Then we investigated the adaptive capacity of these forest actors, understood as the ability to adjust to damage or opportunities of climate change. Several influencing variables were identified, revealing the multifactoriality of the concept of adaptive capacity.<p>Secondly, the focus of the research was extended to study the process of mainstreaming climate change adaptation at other levels of the Walloon forest and timber sectors. Through a literature review, interviews and non-participant observation, we conducted an analysis of representations related to adaptation and the concrete initiatives that are being implemented in several forest and timber organizations (governmental departments, non-profit associations, training institutes, professional federations and entreprises). This work has showed the existence – or the absence – of different framings of adaptation according to the actors, revealing influences on the adaptive options that are currently promoted or hindered. These contributions have enriched our analysis of the private forest owners’ adaptive capacity, confirming the relevance of our multi-scalar approach. <p>Finally, the results of this thesis make us asking ourselves about the various strategies that can be associated with climate change adaptation, the "success" of different possible adaptive trajectories and their designations that are far from neutral (such as the notion of “no regret” measures).<p> / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished