Title: Circumferences and areas of plane figures Author: Martin Šrámek Department: Department of Mathematics Education Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jarmila Robová, CSc. Abstract: This diploma thesis Circumferences and areas of plane figures is designed for teachers and high school students. Teachers might find some interesting tasks including various metric problems from the field of synthetic geometry as well as inference of mathematic equations for calculation circumferences and areas of plane figures which are taught at elementary schools and high schools. Pupils can appreciate solved tasks and their knowledge can be applied to other similar tasks. The ninth chapter includes more difficult tasks. There are many drawings exported from GeoGebra which can help students to understand the task better. Keywords: circumference, area, length, teaching of mathematics

INTRODUCTION: Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at increased risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its complications. In the absence of published studies from sub-Saharan Africa, we investigated the prevalence and associations of the MetS amongst recent-onset SLE patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of recent onset (<5 years disease duration) patients with SLE meeting the SLICC SLE classification criteria. The MetS was defined by Joint Interim Statement criteria. Clinical and demographic data and a Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy score and the 36-Item Short-Form Healthy Survey were completed. RESULTS: Of 75 patients, the mean age was 37.1 (11.7) years, disease duration was 30.8 (23.6) months, 65 (86.7%) were female, 68.0% were of mixed ethnic ancestry and 29.3% were Black Africans. The mean SLEDAI score was 0.9 (1.6). The prevalence of MetS was 40.0%, and age and body mass index were the only significant features associated with MetS (p = 0.003 and 0.001 respectively). Increased waist circumference (WC) was the most frequently observed feature, present in 92.9% of MetS patients. Patients with an elevated WC were 32.5 times more likely to have MetS. CONCLUSION: This study shows a high prevalence of MetS amongst South Africans with recently diagnosed SLE. This calls for aggressive strategies to reduce the prevalence of Mets and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Waist circumference is a useful and costeffective screening tool to identify SLE patients at risk of MetS.

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study investigated insulin resistance (IR) variation across physical activity (PA) levels in U.S. adults. METHODS: MET-minutes were utilized to quantify PA using 2 methods: 4 categories were based on relative MET-minutes, and 5 were based on U.S. PA guidelines. IR was indexed using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Effect modification was tested by dividing waist circumferences into sex-specific quartiles, and then evaluating the relationship between PA and HOMA-IR within each quartile separately. RESULTS: Relative PA was associated with HOMA-IR after controlling for demographic and demographic and lifestyle covariates (F = 11.5, P < 0.0001 and F = 6.0, P = 0.0012, respectively). Adjusting for demographic and demographic and lifestyle covariates also revealed relationships between guideline-based PA and HOMA-IR (F = 8.0, P < 0.0001 and F = 4.9, P = 0.0017, respectively). Controlling for waist circumference with the other covariates nullified the relationship between PA and HOMA-IR. Effect modification testing showed that when the sample was delimited to adults with extra-large waists (Quartile 4), relative (F = 5.6, P = 0.0019), and guideline-based PA (F = 3.7, P = 0.0098) and HOMA-IR were related. PA and HOMA-IR were not related within the other quartiles. CONCLUSION: High levels of PA may play a meaningful role in glucose and insulin metabolism in those with abdominal obesity, but not in adults with smaller waists.

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between milk-fat intake and obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, in 13,544 U.S. adults. A secondary objective was to determine the extent to which the association was influenced by multiple potential confounding variables. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Level of milk-fat content regularly consumed was the exposure variable. Body mass index (BMI) and sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), a measure of abdominal obesity, were the outcome variables. SAD correlates strongly with visceral fat, when measured by computed tomography, and has been shown to predict cardiometabolic disorders better than BMI. After controlling for age, gender, race, physical activity, sedentary behavior, alcohol habits, and cigarette use, significantly lower BMIs were associated with regular nonfat and full-fat milk consumption (F = 4.1, P = 0.0063). A significantly lower SAD was associated only with regular consumption of nonfat milk (F = 5.0, P = 0.0019). No significant differences were found between the other milk-fat groups or milk abstainers. In this nationally representative sample, only 19.6% of adults regularly consumed low-fat milk. In conclusion, regular nonfat milk intake was associated with lower levels of abdominal adiposity compared to consumption of higher levels of milk-fat.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Objective: Nutritional assessment and diagnosis of malnutrition in pediatric patients is dependent on anthropometric measurements. In macrocephalic children, current anthropometric measures may fail to correctly diagnose malnutrition. The purpose of this study is to determine if the measurement of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in pediatric patients with macrocephaly better identifies children at nutritional risk as compared to weight-for-length (WFL) or body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study of children aged 6-36 months with a head circumference 2 SD above the mean was performed. Visual assessment was used as the clinical “gold standard” for presence of malnutrition. MUAC was compared to the WFL or BMI for each child to determine which anthropometric measurement better identified presence of malnutrition. Statistics: Two-way contingency tables were used to summarize the relationships between each pair of assessments of whether a child is malnourished. Agreement between the methods was evaluated using kappa statistics and percent agreement. Analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 ™ statistical software. Results: Twenty patients were included who met study criteria. The mean head circumference z-score was 2.6. The mean BMI/WFL z-score was 0.9, which would qualify the child as “nourished.” Of the 20 children included in the study, 20% (n=4) appeared visually malnourished on physical exam. BMI/WFL confirmed diagnosis of malnutrition in 75% (n=3) of children. MUAC confirmed diagnosis of malnutrition in 75% (n=3) of children. Diagnosis of malnutrition using BMI/WFL as compared to visual assessment had a non-significant p-value of 0.317. Diagnosis of malnutrition using MUAC as compared to visual assessment had a non-significant p-value of 0.317. With a p-value of >0.5, there is no statistically significant difference between BMI/WFL and MUAC in diagnosis of malnutrition. Conclusion: MUAC did not perform better than BMI/WFL at identifying malnutrition in pediatric macrocephalic patients.

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No description available.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Grupo DASA / LabPasteur / Existem vÃrios mÃtodos clÃnicos de avaliaÃÃo da obesidade, sendo mais utilizados na prÃtica o IMC e a medida da circunferÃncia abdominal (CA), esta Ãltima refletindo obesidade central. Estudos recentes tÃm sugerido que uma distribuiÃÃo de gordura no segmento corporal superior tambÃm pode ter relaÃÃo com aumento do risco cardiovascular (RCV). Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as circunferÃncias cervical (CC) e escapular (CE) como marcadores clÃnicos de obesidade superior e relacionÃ-las com outros dados antropomÃtricos e fatores de RCV. Foram avaliados 88 indivÃduos, de outubro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009, no CSAM-SMS/UFC; 24/88 (27,3%) eram do sexo masculino e 64/88 (72,7%) eram do sexo feminino. As principais mÃdias encontradas foram: idade (anos) - 39,1  10,9 (homens - 36,5  10,1 e mulheres - 40,0  11,1; p = 0,2); IMC (kg/mÂ) - 28,9  4,7 (homens - 28,7  4,6 e mulheres - 29,0  4,8); CC (cm) â 35  3,4 (homens â 39  2,6 e mulheres 33,5  2,0); CE (cm) - 94,1  8,4 (homens - 99,8  8,2 e mulheres - 92,0  7,4); CA (cm) - 94,2  11,3 (homens - 98,7  11,0 e mulheres - 92,6  11,0). Neste grupo, 38/88 (43,2%) indivÃduos preenchiam os critÃrios de SM da IDF. Encontrou-se correlaÃÃo (p<0,05) entre a CC e os seguintes parÃmetros: CA, circunferÃncia braquial (CB), CE, IMC, relaÃÃo cintura quadril (RCQ), relaÃÃo cervical coxa, pressÃo arterial sistÃlica (PAS), pressÃo arterial diastÃlica (PAD), Ãcido Ãrico, TGO, TGP, ferritina, HDL - colesterol, triglicÃrides e glicemia jejum; com a CE foram encontradas as seguintes correlaÃÃes: CA, CB, IMC, RCQ, PAS, Ãcido Ãrico, &#61543;GT, TGO, TGP, ferritina, HDL - colesterol, triglicÃrides, glicemia jejum e HOMA-IR. O uso das CC e CE como parÃmetros clÃnicos de obesidade superior neste grupo de indivÃduos mostrou correlaÃÃo com outros parÃmetros antropomÃtricos de obesidade, com componentes da SM e com exames laboratoriais marcadores de patologias associadas à SM, como hiperuricemia e doenÃa gordurosa nÃo-alcoÃlica. Estes dados sugerem que o uso destas circunferÃncias e, particularmente da CC, poderà ter um papel importante na avaliaÃÃo da obesidade e da SM, considerando a sua simplicidade e facilidade de execuÃÃo. Existe a necessidade de mais estudos para a confirmaÃÃo destes dados e para definiÃÃo de possÃveis pontos de corte da CC e CE em ambos os sexos, que possam predizer sobrepeso, obesidade e SM. / There are several clinical methods to evaluate obesity, it being used mainly the body mass index (BMI) and the waist circumference (WC), this one reflecting central obesity. Recent studies have suggested that an upper body obesity distribution also have relationship with high cardiovascular risk (CVR). This study aimed to evaluate neck circumference (NC) and scapular circumference (SC) as upper body obesity indexes, and their relationships with others anthropometrics parameters and CVR factors. Eighty-eight adults voluntaries were evaluated, since 2008 October to 2009 January, at the CSAM-SMS/UFC; 24/88 (27,3%) were males and 64/88 (72,7%) were females. The main means were: age - 39,1  10,9 years old (men - 36,5  10,1 and women - 40,0  11,1; p=0,2); BMI (kg/mÂ) - 28,9  4,7 (men - 28,7  4,6 and women - 29,0  4,8); NC (cm)- 35  3,4 (men â 39  2,6 and women - 33,5  2,0); SC (cm)- 94,1  8,4 (men - 99,8  8,2 and women - 92,0  7,4); WC (cm) - 94,2  11,3 (men - 98,7  11,0 and women â 92,6  11,0). In this group, 38/88 (43,2%) voluntaries had metabolic syndrome (MS) (IDF criteria). There was a significant correlation (p<0,05) between NC and: WC, braquial circumference (BC), SC, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), SBP, DBP, uric acid, AST, ALP, ferritin, HDL-Chol, triglycerides and fasting glucose; and with SC: WC, BC, BMI, WHR, SBP, uric acid, &#61543;GT, AST, ALP, ferritin, HDL-Chol, triglycerides, fasting glucose and HOMA. NC and SC as upper body obesity indexes in this group showed correlations with other obesity anthropometrics parameters, with MS components and with laboratories parameters of MS associated diseases, hyperuricemia and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. These data suggest the utility these circumferences and, particularly NC, would be an important tool to evaluated obesity and MS, due your simplicity and easy execution. However, subsequent studies are necessary to confirm these data and to define NC and SC cut points in both sexes to predict overweight, obesity and MS.

In my thesis I am studying and analyzing a long time monitoring of physical growth of children from 6 to 15 years. There were selected children of both genders from the whole database monitoring children and there is noticed physical growth into individual growth curves. The evaluation of individuals was about these physical parameters: body height, body weight, Body Mass Index, abdominal circumference, gluteal circumference and subscapular skinfold.

In the Czech Republic occurred a change of lifestyle in recent decades, there was an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and even for preschool children. With these changes can be related as well as the increasing number of children with bad posture. The aim of this research was to analyze weight parameters, body composition, fat distribution and its effect on posture in preschool children. Another aim was compare different methods for calculating the amount of body fat and see if it show the same clinical validity. Furthemore, we compared the measurement of the abdominal circumference with waist circumference in absolute and in relative form, these parameters are often used interchangeably. They are usedto detect fat distribution and estimate the amount of body fat. To determine the distribution of fat is also used centrality indices, which we also compared with abdominal and waist circumference. Our aim was also to evaluate the clinical validity in determining the type of fat distribution. The study included 208 children (101 boys, 107 girls) aged three to six years, most of Prague and its surroundings. Comparing the SDS BMI and weight - height ratio showed a statistically significant difference between the set 2013 and standard. The difference in the values of BMI (p = 0,0006)...