Orientador: Orlando Fontes Lima Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T10:51:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Verroni_JoseHenriqueZioni_M.pdf: 877545 bytes, checksum: 5760704a66b34d2a95e7cf018c4b1fba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: As metodologias utilizadas para a definição do valor da tarifa têm sido baseadas na chamada ¿Planilha do GEIPOT¿, desenvolvida em 1982 e atualizada em 1994. Apesar de ser amplamente utilizada, esta metodologia apresenta algumas limitações, as quais podem ser separadas entre distorções de método, uma vez que não consideram o horizonte de planejamento como uma das variáveis determinantes do preço de serviços, e distorções de parâmetros, dentre as quais vale destacar a forma de tratamento da depreciação e da remuneração do capital Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se e avaliou-se um procedimento alternativo de cálculo da tarifa do transporte público urbano de passageiros por ônibus através do método de fluxo de caixa descontado com o objetivo de minimizar as distorções. A novidade deste procedimento é o emprego de índices financeiros (Remuneração do Capital e Taxa Interna de Retorno), para a definição das tarifas, que consideram o longo prazo das contratações realizadas entre gestores públicos e operadores privados. Através da análise da bibliografia que versa sobre o tema e de um estudo de caso elaborado com base em três sistemas distintos de transporte público, demonstrou-se que o cálculo de tarifa pelo método do fluxo de caixa descontado apresenta maior eficiência sob as óticas do usuário, do operador e do Poder Público, a saber, respectivamente: a) preço e qualidade do serviço, b) rentabilidade e margem do resultado e c) sobrevivência do operador e satisfação do usuário. Os resultados obtidos nos dois primeiros casos mostram que no longo prazo há um acréscimo no valor da tarifa, enquanto que no terceiro, há um decréscimo. Entende-se que haja viabilidade de uso do procedimento proposto devendo-se, entretanto, desenvolver mais alguns submodelos, tais como, para a definição dos custos de manutenção e sua inter-relação com a depreciação e remuneração do capital / Abstract: Traditional methodologies used for the calculation of fares values rely on the "GEIPOT Worksheet", developed in 1982 and up-dated in 1994. Although this is the most commonly used methodology in Brazil, it presents some limitations, which can be divided in two different categories. In terms of methods, the GEIPOT Worksheet does not consider the planning horizon as one of the most important determinants of service prices. In terms of parameters, it is worth to mention the accounting treatment given to assets depreciation and capital remuneration. The purpose of this work is to minimize the mentioned distortions and limitations through the development of an alternative methodology for calculation of public transportation fares based on discounted cash flow models. The methodology originality is the use of financial indexes, as cost of capital and internal rate of return, as the basis for fare prices definition, considering the term of contracts undertaken by the Public Company the and the Private Operators. Based on an extensive analysis of the correlated bibliography and a case study developed in three different public transportation systems, we demonstrate that discounted cash flow models are more efficient than the traditional methods according to the perspective of users, operators and Public Authority, considering (i) the service price and quality, (ii) profitability and operational margin, and (iii) the operator sustainability and the users satisfaction. The results obtained in the first two cases indicated that in the long run the proposed model would result in an increase of fare values, while in the third case the proposed model would result in the decrease of fare values in comparison to traditional models. It is acknowledged that the alternative methodology is feasible to be applied, only requiring the development of sub-models for specific topics, as the maintenance costs definition and it¿s relation to the capital depreciation and remuneration / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The aim of this thesis is to identify current trends of urbanization of Mexico City as an example, which is one of the most urbanized cities in the world. This paper examines the impacts of urbanization in terms of increasing social and health problems of people in Mexican capital. The theoretical part describes main concepts, current trends of urbanization in developing and developed countries, and its positive and negative impacts. The practical part is focused on a very characteristic of urbanization in Mexico City, on negative impacts which arise, and on measures that the city uses in order to reduce them. The methods that has been used on this topic were literature review, data analysis, comparison and observation. To process the data, official statistics were also used.

Orientador: Regina Célia Bega dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T09:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_IsaacRodrigues_M.pdf: 5444174 bytes, checksum: 0e963446dfd6b7c9bc260690081b94b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esta dissertação discute a problemática da mobilidade urbana na metrópole paulistana, tendo como recorte espacial de análise a região Sudoeste, cujos municípios têm diferenças entre si no que diz respeito à disponibilidade de meios de transporte e de integração entre os modais, fenômeno que resulta em maior e menor mobilidade das pessoas que circulam diariamente pelo espaço urbano metropolitano, sobretudo em relação ao trajeto da moradia para o trabalho e vice versa. Sendo assim, os únicos beneficiados com um sistema de transporte desigual, do ponto de vista qualitativo entre os diversos lugares, sem dúvida são os empresários, que reproduzem seu capital de forma continua, sendo que o trabalhador paga alto preço para circular pela região metropolitana. Assim, a mobilidade é um dos elementos mais essenciais para o desenvolvimento da sociedade e para que haja uma apropriação efetiva do espaço urbano, sobretudo por parte dos mais pobres, para que haja, de fato, uma vivência plena no espaço urbano / Abstract: On this Master Thesis it will be discussed the issue of urban mobility in the metropolis of São Paulo, focusing the analysis to the Southwest region, whose municipalities have differences among themselves regarding to the availability of ways of transport and integration between modes, a phenomenon that results in higher and lower mobility of people circulating daily around the metropolitan urban space, especially towards to the route of their houses to work and vice versa. Therefore, the only benefited from an unequal transportation system, from a qualitative point of view among different locations, doubtless are the entrepreneurs who reproduce their capital continuously, because of the high prices paid by simple workers to circulate the around the metropolitan area. Thus, mobility is one of the most essential elements for the development of society and in order to create an effective appropriation of urban space, especially for the poorest people, and, in fact, provide a full experience in urban space / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

Orientador: Rafael Santos Mendes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T05:54:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_WagnerSchalch_M.pdf: 1828766 bytes, checksum: 0aba4a8b38c8c8768e34ae1f0a7434e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O problema de regulação de trens é particularmente importante entre os problemas de escalonamento encontrados nos sistemas de transporte metroviários, sendo caracterizados por trens percorrendo regiões urbanas levando passageiros de uma localização para outra. Se o intervalo entre trens desejado, tempos de parada em plataformas e os tempos de percurso entre plataformas são determinados e conhecidos a-priori, a solução de estado estável (tabela horária) pode ser calculada. Entretanto, sistemas reais estão sujeitos a perturbações como passageiros impedindo o fechamento de portas, falhas mecânicas ou elétricas, etc., que podem desviar os trens do estado estável. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho está direcionado para a determinação de uma lei de controle, i.e., uma lei para a determinação dos instantes de chegada e partida de cada trem em cada plataforma nos ciclos do sistema para restabelecer e manter a tabela horária (solução de referência). A lei de controle proposta está baseada nos conceitos da álgebra maxplus. Os instantes desejáveis de chegada e partida de cada trem em cada plataforma são calculados a partir dos últimos instantes de ocorrência dos eventos do sistema e de um conjunto de matrizes definido na álgebra max-plus. / Abstract: The train regulation problem is of particular importance among the scheduling problems found in mass transit systems, being characterized by trains running in urban regions taking passengers from one location to another. If the desired headway between trains, dwell-times in platforms and running times between platforms are determined and known a-priori, the steady state solution (timetable) can be calculated. However, real systems are subject to disturbances such as passengers preventing doors from closing, mechanical or electrical failures, etc., that can deviate the trains from the steady state. In this context, this work is concerned with the determination of a control law, i.e., a law for the determination of the arrival and departure times of each train on each platform in the system's cycles in order to reestablish and maintain the timetable (reference solution). The proposed control law is based on max-plus algebra concepts. The desired arrival and departure times of each train on each platform are calculated from the last occurrence instants of the system's events and from a set of matrices defined in max-plus algebra. / Mestrado / Automação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The thesis aims to deconstruct the traditional dualities between design and use and blend the boundaries between them. It characterises design as a process that is complex, dynamic, and integral to other processes, such as use. The thesis utilises Latour's concept of the collective. Although this concept has been applied to architectural contexts in previous studies, this thesis expands the collective to include actors of use. The thesis elaborates on the inscription and description of technologies inspired by Akrich (1992). It shows how the collective is shaped and reshaped through such processes. Building parallels with previous studies, it analyses the importance of fluidity and fluid actors in de-scribing technologies and reshaping the collectives. The thesis utilises the case of Masdar City, which has been designed in the UK by the architectural and urban planning firm Foster + Partners and implemented in the Middle East, specifically in the United Arab Emirates. The thesis focuses on its first developed stage represented by Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (MIST). Based on a qualitative and inductive approach, the conducted research utilises interviews and site observations with the designers, users, and other main contributors. Through this approach, the thesis reflects on the concept of sustainability that is itself contested, changeable, and vague. The thesis concludes that sustainable design processes should be seen as continuous loops between design and use. In acknowledging this, it is further suggested that concepts such as the living laboratory, which support the adaptation of designs and learning from use, are adopted at the outset in architectural production.

La intersección de las avenidas Salaverry, Cádiz y Jirón Huiracocha, en el límite de los distritos de San Isidro y Jesús María en Lima, se le considera de gran demanda vehicular, como peatonal, en donde la ausencia de pasos peatonales y ciclovías protegidas, y congestión vehicular generan sensación de inseguridad e ineficiencia en el sistema de tránsito urbano. Debido a esto, se realizó el estudio de tráfico y se planteó una Intersección Diamante Divergente (DDI, por sus siglas en inglés) como solución a esta perspectiva. El diseño geométrico, calibración y validación se realizaron con el programa Vissim 9 en búsqueda de la más eficiente alternativa en cuanto operatividad en una DDI. Para ello se obtuvieron los datos topográficos, toma de datos y extrapolación de los flujos vehiculares existentes. La propuesta elegida no satisfizo las expectativas planteadas al inicio de la investigación, por ello se modificó la operatividad existente con la finalidad de crear un entorno urbanístico cotidiano. Una intersección con una coordinación semafórica entre ambos cruces (Avenida Cádiz y Jirón Huiracocha) genera eficiencia y seguridad a los usuarios. La primera modificación fue realizar una apertura en la Avenida Salaverry con dirección al Jirón Huiracocha, el diseño de un ciclo semafórico y la exclusividad de cruce peatonal y ciclista. Por último, en cuanto la intersección con la Avenida Cádiz, se optimizó la seguridad de las ciclovías existentes al evitar el cruce directo con las arterias viales. Con estas modificaciones, se logró mejorar el sistema en un 7% para operatividad vehicular y un 70% en cuanto a los flujos peatonales. De esto se concluye que los tiempos de viaje, demoras y longitudes de cola vehicular se reducen frente a la situación actual. Además, el flujo de todos los usuarios se desarrolla en armonía, sin elevados tiempos de espera o elevada demanda vial en ciertos tramos del caso de estudio. / The intersection of Salaverry - Cadiz Avenues and Huiracocha street, in the limits of San Isidro and Jesús María districts in Lima, is known by its vehicular and pedestrian massive demand, where the absence of protected pedestrian crossings, bicycle path and traffic congestion generate insecurity and inefficiency in the local transit system. Due to this, the traffic study was carried out by a Diverging Diamond Intersection (DDI) as an alternative to enhance these shortcomings. The geometric design, calibration and validation were developed with Vissim 9 modeling program in search of the most efficient alternative in terms of operability in a DDI, according to its traffic light cycle and geometric design. As inputs parameters were necessary topographic data, data collection and extrapolation of existing vehicle flows. The chosen proposal did not reach the expectations at the beginning of the research; therefore, the existing traffic operability was modified in order to create a daily urban environment. An intersection with coordinated traffic lights between both intersections (Cádiz-Salaverry Avenue and Huiracocha Street) generates efficiency and safety for users. The first modification was to make an opening on Salaverry Avenue in the direction of Huiracocha street, the design of a traffic light cycle and the exclusivity path of pedestrian and bicycle. Finally, regarding the intersection at Cadiz-Salaverry Avenues, the safety of the existing bicycle roads was optimized by avoiding direct crossing on these road arteries. / Tesis

My diploma thesis deals with a connection of Videňská street to the future residential district situated between Přízřenice and Modřice. The level of this thesis is a technical study. The main topic of the thesis is a design of an interchange on the Vídeňská and Moravanská streets. The thesis is focused on a technical verification of variable ramps’ connections from Vídeňská street to Moravanská street. Another important point of the thesis is an improvement of security quality of cycle traffic and a creation of a traffic junction of the city transportation system in this area. The SWOT analysis was applied to evaluation and selection the most advantageous variant of the variants. Depending on SWOT analysis, the thesis is focused on more detailed design of the most advantageous variant.

Orientador: Regina Célia Bega dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T15:33:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bryan_Francisco_M.pdf: 4988537 bytes, checksum: 917b74f32ac7d24a27f6f89e66ae390a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem por objetivo realizar uma análise do da mobilidade urbana da cidade de Campinas - SP sob o ponto de vista de seu processo de urbanização e seu sistema de circulação. Com este fim, será estudado a estrutura atual do sistema de transporte público e como este se relaciona com o processo temporal de crescimento e desenvolvimento urbano. Composto por diversos períodos significativos (que são abordados de maneira distinta entre os estudiosos do assunto), tal processo será objeto de reflexão crítica utilizando como método a análise geográfica de circulação. Pretende-se debater o processo de crescimento e estruturação da área urbana do ponto de vista da Geografia com relação aos sistemas de circulação urbana, de modo a compreender melhor a dinâmica da questão do transporte público na cidade. Para tanto, é necessário compreender como se deu e como se dá a distribuição espacial dos principais eixos de circulação utilizados pela população a partir do transporte público a fim de subsidiar propostas para a melhoria de sua circulação pelo espaço urbano, considerando principalmente as pessoas que mais necessitam deste transporte, e, portanto, de políticas públicas que priorizem esta parcela da população. O objetivo do trabalho, portanto, é discutir o espaço do cidadão à mobilidade, sob condições minimamente aceitáveis de segurança através de uma ênfase maior nas propostas de ampliação permanente da infra-estrutura das cidades como um todo, e não apenas do transporte rodoviário, ao invés de analisar as causas dos problemas existentes, considerando esses deslocamentos como sendo meras rotas de ida e volta do local de trabalho. A principal alternativa para isso é levar em conta todas as formas de circulação no espaço; a pé, de bicicleta, carro, ônibus, trem e metrô. Todos devem ter condições para realizar suas atividades, e, portanto, a estrutura viária deve considerar todos os meios de transporte apontados acima. O enfoque aqui pretendido contempla a visão do uso social do espaço urbano sobre o tema estudado, considerando algumas regras técnicas utilizadas pelo enfoque tradicional, destacando-se a análise do espaço urbano onde estes deslocamentos são mensurados tecnicamente e utilizado por pessoas cujas relações sociais, políticas e econômicas são complexas e ocorrem ao mesmo tempo / Abstract: The goal of this dissertation is to analyze urban mobility in Campinas-SP through its urbanization process and circulation system development. Therefore, this work aims to study Campinas' public transit system structure nowadays and how it reflects the urban development process through time. Split into several significant periods (which are approached through different viewpoints by scholars), such process will be object of critical reflection using as method the geographical analysis of circulation. Towards a better comprehension of public transport dynamics in Campinas, we intend to discuss the relationship between urban growth and development process and urban circulation systems. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how spatial distribution of the circulation axes most used by public transport users was developed through time in order to contribute on designing improvement proposals to these users' circulation in the city. Such proposals should always consider first the users that rely most on public transport as much as the public policy framework focused on these users. This work also aims to debate the appropriation of urban spaces in order to guarantee all citizen mobility under minimum standards of safety through greater emphasis on proposals for perennial enhancement of urban infrastructure in cities as a whole - not focusing only on road transport - instead of only dealing with existing problems and their causes, an approach that usually demotes user displacements to simple commuting issues. The main alternative here is to consider all modes of transportation to get around in urban spaces: by foot, by bike, by car, by bus, by train, by subway, etc. Everyone should be able to carry out their activities; hence, transit structure should consider every one of these different modes. Our focus here is a social approach (instead of pure technical approach) towards the analysis of spatial use in cities regarding the main issues dealt with in this study, even though some of the technical rules used by traditional approaches are taken here into consideration, such as urban spatial analysis in which these displacements are technically measured. But it should never be taken for granted the fact that urban spaces are stages for complex social/political/economical relations / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia