The goal of this research is to develop a heuristic traffic assignment method to simulate the traffic flow of a transportation network at a real-time speed. The existing assignment methods are reviewed and a heuristic path-recording assignment method is proposed. Using the new heuristic assignment method, trips are loaded onto the network in a probabilistic approach for the first iteration; paths are recorded, and path impedance is computed as the basis for further assignment iteration. The real-time traffic assignment model developed with the new assignment method is called HEUPRAE. The difference in link traffic between this new assignment and Dial's multipath assignment ranges from 10 to 25 percent. Saving in computer time is about 55 percent. The proposed heuristic path-recording assignment is believed to be an efficient and reliable method. Successful development of this heuristic assignment method helps solve those transportation problems which need assignment results at a real-time speed, and for which the assignment process lasts a couple of hours. Evacuation planning and operation are well suited to the application of this real-time heuristic assignment method. Evacuation planning and operations are major activities in emergency management. Evacuation planning instructs people where to go, which route to take, and the time needed to accomplish an evacuation. Evacuation operations help the execution of an evacuation plan in response to the changing nature of a disaster. The Integrated Evacuation Decision Support System (IEDSS) is a computer system which employs the evacuation planning model, MASSVAC2, and the evacuation operation model, HEUPRAE, to deal with evacuations. The IEDSS uses computer graphics to prepare input and interpret output. It helps a decision maker analyze the evacuation system, review evacuation plans, and issue an evacuation order at a proper time. Users of the IEDSS can work on evacuation problems in a friendly interactive visual environment. The application of the IEDSS to the hurricane and flood problems for the city of Virginia Beach shows how IEDSS is practically implemented. It proves the usefulness of the IEDSS in coping with disasters. / Ph. D.

By conducting a field survey to collect and investigate the attributes and behaviour patterns of participants in the case event, the proposed model and simulation system were implemented. Three scenarios of different populations of involved agents were simulated on the finished system according to the sample data. Simulation results were analyzed and compared to the observed data. The simulation system was found to be capable of reproducing compatible dynamics of pedestrian flows. / Finally the conclusions of this thesis study were presented. / In order to implement the model, the layered behavioural simulation model was proposed for putting the decisions made from the behaviour model into action. By identifying the three layers sustaining the routing procedure at their respective levels, the evacuation route was finally converted to selecting stepping cells from adjacent neighbours. In this way a quick way-finding process can be achieved toward the ultimate destination, so that the global objectives are coordinated with local action decisions on the cell scale. With this simulation model, the framework of the geo-referenced agent-based system was proposed with technical details presented. This system was built directly on a GIS base and thus was able to conduct simulation in a real space environment and perform advanced GIS analysis inside the simulation. / In reviewing the existing evacuation models and simulation systems, it was found that although there have been remarkable advances in reproducing and analyzing many phenomena and the dynamics of pedestrian flow in evacuations, social psychological factors were not well considered. Theories and research in the social psychological field have indicated that these factors are essential in evacuation behaviour. Therefore the author examined the socio-economic factors relating to psychological responses through a literature review and explored the potential for integrating such factors into the agent based modelling approach. / Inspired by such concerns, the author proposed the individual cognitive behaviour model consisting of the Personalized Spatial Cognitive Road Network, which represents the diverse individual spatial knowledge of recognizable roads, and the Multiple Routing Strategies which incorporated individual preferences in selecting routing strategy. The proposed model follows the principle that pedestrians are considered to be composed of heterogeneous individuals, thus each pedestrian could have his or her own knowledge base and rules of behaviour. Two steps in constructing each component were presented respectively, with an integrated framework presented in the context of agent based modelling. / Public safety has become more and more important nowadays as tragic incidents, such as the 9/11 World Trading Centre attack, have caused a large number of causalities. It is critical to improve the capability of the security department for safely managing the crowd in response to an emergency. Conventional techniques investigating evacuation dynamics, such as the sand-box game utilized by Hong Kong police department preparing evacuation plans for the case event, are generally inadequate for providing sufficient support to crowd management. Enhancing the management practice by computer based simulation techniques has been attracting an increasing amount of research interests recently, as it can offer timely decision making assistance in changing situations compared to the conventional approaches. / Wu, Lei. / Advisers: Hui Lin; Bo Huang; Yee Leung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-06, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 249-273). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Bibliography: leaves 420 - 450. / x, 450 leaves [92] leaves of plates : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 1995

No description available.

The goal of this research is to answer a single question. During an urban evacuation, is it advisable for regional planners to allow transit units signal priority in cases where police assisted traffic controls are not an option? Standard practice for emergency evacuation is to place police officers at intersection throughout the evacuation area. However, this is not always an option where environmental factors such as the presence of fire, chemical plume, radioactive fallout (nuclear contaminated wind and dust) do not permit police presence. Results from a case study conducted on Washington D.C. show that it would take four non-prioritized transit units to accomplish the same task as three prioritized vehicles. Furthermore, allowing transit signal priority during an urban evacuation has little to no effect on evacuation clearance time or evacuee travel time. Moreover, when transit signal priority is restricted to operate only on evacuation routes, evacuee travel and delay time decreases. / by Scott A. Parr. / Thesis (M.S.C.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A. (History))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007.

While there are plenty of published materials concerning survival in Ukraine during World War II, most of those bypass the Kherson region and focus primarily on the German occupation. This thesis is an attempt to study the complex history of people's survival in Ukraine during a large portion of the twentieth century, through a micro-history of the city of Kherson and the neighboring villages, and towns of the region. The study analyzes the actions and the consequences for the various social, political and ethnic groups of changes in the ruling regimes, emphasizing the period of the return of the Red Army to the region in 1943-1944. This work attempts to provide an answer to the question of why the population of a provincial city, which endured no major combat, was reduced from about 100,000 residents in 1941 to less than a hundred on the day of return of the Soviets in 1944? / text

Abstrakt Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att lyfta fram barns tankar om parlamentarisk politik och samhällsfrågor utifrån deras perspektiv. Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ art och vi har använt oss både av fokusgrupp och individuella intervjuer. Vi har inspirerats av tidigare forskning där barn som medborgare och FN:s barnkonvention artikel 12 är i fokus för att öka legitimiteten i vår studie. Uppsatsen har utgått ifrån politisk teori, socialisationsprocessen, genus och gruppstyrda. Vi har fått resultat ur både grupp och individperspektiv som stärker barn som tänkande individer utan rättslig handlingsförmåga. Trots att barn inte talar vuxenspråk har de åsikter om och påverkas av den omvärld de lever i. Den grupp med barn vi har lyssnat på kunde inte mycket om politiska partier, däremot kunde de mycket om fattigdom, ebola och välgörenhet. De hade problem med partiledarnas namn, däremot berättade de för oss hur de upplever skolmiljön och gav förslag till förbättringar i skolan. Ur barnens perspektiv har vi försökt fånga essensen i deras ord. / Abstract The purpose of this paper is to highlight children’s thoughts regarding issues of society and politics. Our paper is qualitative and we´ve used both a focus group and several individual interviews. We were inspired by previous research in which children, as citizens, are in focus. We also used UNCRC article 12 in order to increase the legitimacy of our study. The thesis has been based on political theory, socialization, gender and other-directed. We have received results from groups and individuals perspective that strengthen children as thinking individuals without legal capacity. Although children do not use adult speech, they have opinions and are influenced by the society they live in. The group of children we listened to didn´t know much about political parties, they did, however, know about poverty, Ebola and charity. They had problems naming the leaders of political parties, but could tell us how they perceived the school-environment and suggested improvements while we interviewed them. We´ve tried to capture the essence of the childrens words in their perspective.

No description available.

Much has been written on the Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902. Different themes, ranging from battles to more personal experiences, have been documented. Furthermore there are many statistics regarding the war. The aim of this study is to obtain, through the existing sources, the total number of civilian deaths during the Anglo- Boer war. To compile a genealogical database regarding the civilian deaths is not an easy task. Almost all sources have conflicting figures regarding the number of civilians who actually died. Deaths were not restricted to the concentration camps. There were also those of people on their way to the camps, or those fleeing from captivity. The aim of this study is to give an account of the process used to compile the genealogical database. By putting certain criteria in place the database should be stripped of any duplication. The reasons for [him concentration camps being created, and the number of camps that came into existence, including the total of deaths with unique abstracts from the database, are described in detail. There is confusion about the terms "refugee" and concentration camps. This is clarified. A brief explanation is given of how, where and when the camps came into being. The number of camps, and their period of existence, as well as the total numbers of civilian deaths in the camps, were compiled in an effort to secure greater accuracy. With the relevant support of information from the electronic database, it was possible to compile a comprehensive picture of the numbers of deaths that occurred. There are furthermore, some observations on the spelling of surnames. It is important because the use of Afrikaans, Dutch and English has led to different forms of spelling. The core objective of this study was to find the exact number of civilian deaths during the Anglo-Boer War. The penultimate chapter is a detailed explanation of related deaths. A list containing the main causes of deaths, mainly disease, is included. The number of deaths is tabulated in terms of their causes. It is possible to see the profound impact of what really happened. Information of unique deaths, deaths in certain families, as well as statistics regarding the overall age and gender of victims is included. Another aim of the study was to compile a complete list of all the civilians who died during the Anglo Boer War, more complete and with more detail than that of P.L.A. Goldman. This was indeed an overwhelming exercise. P.L.A. Goldman had a total of 27 927 names and the database total account for 33 978 individual deaths. Included are the 759 names of black names as compiled by S.V. Kessler. Hopefully the database will succeed in bringing us closer to the civilian deaths during 1899-1902. It should be useful to genealogical researchers. / Thesis (M.A. (History))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2007.