Karl-Birger Blomdahl (1916-1968) et Ingvar Lidholm (né en 1921) sont deux chefs de file de la musique suédoise moderne. Étudiants à Stockholm, ils forment un cercle d’études connu sous le nom de Groupe du Lundi. Perçus comme des antiromantiques, ils renouvellent la création musicale en plaçant au cœur de leurs intérêts la technique de composition (hantverk), la ligne mélodique et des notions gestaltistes comme l’organisme.À la suite d’une étude concernant ce cadre historique, esthétique et théorique commun, cette thèse propose une analyse détaillée de trente œuvres de Blomdahl et de Lidholm datant des années 1940. Élaborée à partir du contexte esthétique et théorique initial, mais aussi à partir des théories de Schenker et de Meyer, la méthode d’analyse permet de représenter graphiquement et textuellement la cohérence compositionnelle et la dynamique des œuvres. Cette thèse démontre les divergences mélodiques, tonales et organiques essentielles concernant les langages musicaux de Blomdahl et de Lidholm. Elle démontre aussi que les notions de linéarité, de dissonance et de contrepoint revêtent plus de significations dans leurs langages respectifs que celles qui sont initialement évoquées par les textes de l’époque. Finalement, elle met en lumière des éléments esthétiques et compositionnels qui contribuent à donner un élan significatif à la musique moderne en Suède. / Karl-Birger Blomdahl (1916-1968) and Ingvar Lidholm (1921- ) were two leading figures in modern Swedish music. While studying in Stockholm they created a study circle known as the Monday Group. Regarded as anti-romanticists, Blomdahl and Lidholm revitalized musical creation by prioritizing compositional technique (as in hantverk, i.e. craft), melodic line and Gestalt concepts such as organicism.Following a study of this shared historical, aesthetic and theoretical framework, this thesis proposes a detailed analysis of thirty works by Blomdahl and Lidholm, dating from the 1940s. Based on the initial aesthetic and theoretical context and also on the theories of Schenker and Meyer, the analytical method used enables a graphical and textual representation of the compositional coherence and dynamic of the respective works.This thesis establishes the essential melodic, tonal and organic divergences in the musical languages of Blomdahl and Lidholm. Additionally, this thesis shows that the notions of linearity, dissonance and counterpoint have a deeper significance in Blomdahl’s and Lidholm’s respective musical languages than is to be found in many texts dating from this period. Finally, this thesis highlights aesthetic and compositional components that significantly invigorate modern music in Sweden.

<p> </p><p><strong><p>Sammanfattning</p></strong><p>På 1940-talet föddes det många barn och denna generation skulle ut i arbetslivet under något som kallats rekordåren, vilket innebär att generationen inte i någon större utsträckning har märkt av arbetslöshet. När denna generation nu lämnar arbetslivet kommer de att lämna en hålighet efter sig. Enligt flera studier har det visat sig att människor i dagens samhälle är friskare och lever längre än tidigare. 40-talisterna anses vara annorlunda förhållandevis mot de generationer som idag har omsorg i dagens samhälle. Trots att vi lever längre och är friskare kommer 40-talisterna att behöva omvårdnad i framtiden och genom att de har arbetat hela sitt liv, kan detta leda till att de har andra krav än tidigare generationer. Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka förväntningar 40-talisterna har på äldreomsorgen i framtiden. De frågeställningar vi har haft som utgångspunkt är: Vilka förväntningar har 40-talisterna på sin egen omvårdnad inom äldreomsorgen i framtiden? Hur upplever 40-talisterna att äldreomsorgen fungerar idag? Vilka förändringar är önskvärda inom äldreomsorgen i framtiden?</p><p>Vi har valt att använda oss av kvalitativ metod i vår undersökning, där vi intervjuade 10 informanter som alla är födda under 1940-talet. Informanterna är bosatta i två olika län i Sverige och de är både män och kvinnor. Vi valde vår teoretiska referensram utifrån vårt empiriska material. Den teori vi har använt oss av är empowerment. Utifrån vårt resultat och teori har vi byggt upp vår analys, vi har även valt att jämföra analysen mot tidigare forskning inom området och begreppen trygghet och behov.</p><p>Vi valde att dela upp resultatet i olika teman bland annat, förväntningar på den egna framtida vården, upplevelser till den befintliga vården och önskemål om framtida förändringar av vården. Resultatet visar på att 40-talisterna har andra förväntningar på äldreomsorgen än vad tidigare generationer har. Detta handlar bland annat om att man förväntar sig att få den personliga hjälp man behöver och att man ska få något tillbaka av samhället, genom skatten man har betalat.</p></p> / <p><strong><p>Abstract</p></strong></p><p>Many children were born in the 1940s and this generation was integrated into working life under something called the record years, which means that they have not been noticed by unemployment. As this generation leaves the working life, they will leave a void behind. According to several studies people are living longer and are healthier in the community. People who were born in the 1940s consider being different relative to the generations who have geriatric care in today's society. Although we leave longer and are healthier will the people who were born in the 1940s need geriatric care in the future, and the fact that they have worked their whole life may lead them to have different requirements than previous generations. Our purpose with this essay was to examine the expectations the people who were born in the 1940s have on the geriatric care in the future. The issues we have had as a starting point is: What expectations have the people who were born in the 1940s in their own geriatric care in the future? How are the people who were born in the 1940s experience of the geriatric care today? What changes is desirable in the geriatric care in the future?</p><p>We have chosen to use a qualitative method in our investigation, we interviewed 10 informants and all were born in the 1940s. The informants were living in two different counties in Sweden and they were both men and women. We chose our theoretical frame of reference on the basis of our empirical material. The theory we have used is empowerment. We have built up our analysis based on our results and theory; we have also chosen to compare the analysis against previous research in this field and the concept safety and needs.</p><p>We have chosen to divide the results in different themes, some themes are expectations about their own future care, experiences to the existing care and wishes for future changes in the geriatric care.The results display that the people who were born in the 1940s have greater expectations for their geriatric care then previous generations have.</p>

Sammanfattning På 1940-talet föddes det många barn och denna generation skulle ut i arbetslivet under något som kallats rekordåren, vilket innebär att generationen inte i någon större utsträckning har märkt av arbetslöshet. När denna generation nu lämnar arbetslivet kommer de att lämna en hålighet efter sig. Enligt flera studier har det visat sig att människor i dagens samhälle är friskare och lever längre än tidigare. 40-talisterna anses vara annorlunda förhållandevis mot de generationer som idag har omsorg i dagens samhälle. Trots att vi lever längre och är friskare kommer 40-talisterna att behöva omvårdnad i framtiden och genom att de har arbetat hela sitt liv, kan detta leda till att de har andra krav än tidigare generationer. Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka förväntningar 40-talisterna har på äldreomsorgen i framtiden. De frågeställningar vi har haft som utgångspunkt är: Vilka förväntningar har 40-talisterna på sin egen omvårdnad inom äldreomsorgen i framtiden? Hur upplever 40-talisterna att äldreomsorgen fungerar idag? Vilka förändringar är önskvärda inom äldreomsorgen i framtiden? Vi har valt att använda oss av kvalitativ metod i vår undersökning, där vi intervjuade 10 informanter som alla är födda under 1940-talet. Informanterna är bosatta i två olika län i Sverige och de är både män och kvinnor. Vi valde vår teoretiska referensram utifrån vårt empiriska material. Den teori vi har använt oss av är empowerment. Utifrån vårt resultat och teori har vi byggt upp vår analys, vi har även valt att jämföra analysen mot tidigare forskning inom området och begreppen trygghet och behov. Vi valde att dela upp resultatet i olika teman bland annat, förväntningar på den egna framtida vården, upplevelser till den befintliga vården och önskemål om framtida förändringar av vården. Resultatet visar på att 40-talisterna har andra förväntningar på äldreomsorgen än vad tidigare generationer har. Detta handlar bland annat om att man förväntar sig att få den personliga hjälp man behöver och att man ska få något tillbaka av samhället, genom skatten man har betalat. / Abstract Many children were born in the 1940s and this generation was integrated into working life under something called the record years, which means that they have not been noticed by unemployment. As this generation leaves the working life, they will leave a void behind. According to several studies people are living longer and are healthier in the community. People who were born in the 1940s consider being different relative to the generations who have geriatric care in today's society. Although we leave longer and are healthier will the people who were born in the 1940s need geriatric care in the future, and the fact that they have worked their whole life may lead them to have different requirements than previous generations. Our purpose with this essay was to examine the expectations the people who were born in the 1940s have on the geriatric care in the future. The issues we have had as a starting point is: What expectations have the people who were born in the 1940s in their own geriatric care in the future? How are the people who were born in the 1940s experience of the geriatric care today? What changes is desirable in the geriatric care in the future? We have chosen to use a qualitative method in our investigation, we interviewed 10 informants and all were born in the 1940s. The informants were living in two different counties in Sweden and they were both men and women. We chose our theoretical frame of reference on the basis of our empirical material. The theory we have used is empowerment. We have built up our analysis based on our results and theory; we have also chosen to compare the analysis against previous research in this field and the concept safety and needs. We have chosen to divide the results in different themes, some themes are expectations about their own future care, experiences to the existing care and wishes for future changes in the geriatric care.The results display that the people who were born in the 1940s have greater expectations for their geriatric care then previous generations have.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O trabalho busca analisar o papel de dois setores representativos brasileiros (imprensa e poder legislativo), de 1945 a 1948, na investigação e divulgação de práticas repressivas do Estado brasileiro de 1935 a 1945 descambando para o tema da tortura no período. Para tal, tem-se como objeto empírico parte das publicações do conglomerado editorial Diários Associados e a formação da Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito dos Atos Delituosos da Ditadura. Tomados no bojo da redemocratização a partir de 1945, as reportagens e a Comissão possuíram uma profunda interrelação nas denúncias às torturas ocorridas antes mesmo da instauração do Estado Novo. Ao se estudar o tema, observa-se que essas acusações, embora comuns, não encontraram eco e se perderam tanto na possibilidade de ações judiciais (no caso da Comissão Parlamentar) como à memória. O objetivo deste trabalho é, então, demarcar o caminho das denúncias e apontar as causas que culminaram no seu esquecimento público. / This dissertation intends to analyze the role of two brazilian representative sectors (press and legislative power), from 1945 to 1948, in the investigation and discovering of repressive practices of the Brazilian State from 1935 to 1945 touching on the theme of torture during this period. For this purpose, I have as an empirical object some of the publications of the editorial conglomerate Diários Associados and the formation of the Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito dos Atos Delituosos da Ditadura (Parliamentary commission of delituous acts survey). Under the redemocratization starting in 1945, those reports and the commission had a profound blending with the accusations of torture that took place even before the instauration of the Estado Novo. By studying the subject, we observe that those accusations, although common, didnt find support and were by consequence deprived of the possibility of becoming a judicial complaint (in the case of the Parliamentary Comission) and of being part of the historical heritage. The goal of this dissertation is, then, to outline the path of the accusations and point out the reasons why they were left behind.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O trabalho busca analisar o papel de dois setores representativos brasileiros (imprensa e poder legislativo), de 1945 a 1948, na investigação e divulgação de práticas repressivas do Estado brasileiro de 1935 a 1945 descambando para o tema da tortura no período. Para tal, tem-se como objeto empírico parte das publicações do conglomerado editorial Diários Associados e a formação da Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito dos Atos Delituosos da Ditadura. Tomados no bojo da redemocratização a partir de 1945, as reportagens e a Comissão possuíram uma profunda interrelação nas denúncias às torturas ocorridas antes mesmo da instauração do Estado Novo. Ao se estudar o tema, observa-se que essas acusações, embora comuns, não encontraram eco e se perderam tanto na possibilidade de ações judiciais (no caso da Comissão Parlamentar) como à memória. O objetivo deste trabalho é, então, demarcar o caminho das denúncias e apontar as causas que culminaram no seu esquecimento público. / This dissertation intends to analyze the role of two brazilian representative sectors (press and legislative power), from 1945 to 1948, in the investigation and discovering of repressive practices of the Brazilian State from 1935 to 1945 touching on the theme of torture during this period. For this purpose, I have as an empirical object some of the publications of the editorial conglomerate Diários Associados and the formation of the Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito dos Atos Delituosos da Ditadura (Parliamentary commission of delituous acts survey). Under the redemocratization starting in 1945, those reports and the commission had a profound blending with the accusations of torture that took place even before the instauration of the Estado Novo. By studying the subject, we observe that those accusations, although common, didnt find support and were by consequence deprived of the possibility of becoming a judicial complaint (in the case of the Parliamentary Comission) and of being part of the historical heritage. The goal of this dissertation is, then, to outline the path of the accusations and point out the reasons why they were left behind.

This study considers the analyses of diverse social and cultural critics in America in the late 1940s and 1950s. In particular, it examines their mostly jaundiced view of what they called mass culture and its related expressions. But where these intellectuals approached contemporary life with variations of skepticism and dread, this study argues that they suffered a myopia that inhibited their ability to see the so-called culture industries of postwar America as dynamic and engaging, not dominating and demeaning. To contextualize that skewed perspective, this study examines the postwar paperback industry and reconfiguring film business before delving into a specific form of mass culture, the juvenile delinquent text. The 1950s was a period of great concern about the status of teenagers within larger society. This anxiety gave birth to sociological studies offering diverse theories and true crime accounts of alienated and barbaric teenagers threatening civic virtue and the nation’s future. More importantly, it also spawned waves of novels and films devoted to both sympathetic accounts of juvenile delinquents and sensationalist tales that exploited the public’s fears and fascination. This study uses these texts to examine three topics that also worried intellectuals of the period—urban decline and suburban migration; a reconfiguration of masculinity; and the morality of a society predicated on consumption—and finds considerable overlap in the questions and analyses each pursued. Apart from making the case for widespread circulation of critical ideas in 1950s America, it argues for considerable ideological unsettledness and suggests an unacknowledged conversation of sorts between producers of mass culture and the intellectuals who treated such forms as evidence of dissenting art’s fatal decline. The stratification and segregation employed by cultural critics of the 1950s serves as a warning to contemporary scholars about the dangers in privileging high over low.

The aim of this essay is to study the politics of elected women in Karlstad´s town council in the 1940s. This is done by examining the motions they put forward. The motions are examined through the records from the town councils’ meetings. To fulfil the essays’ purpose three questions are asked, the first one relates to the content of the motions, what do they contain? The second question asks whether the motions follow certain themes and if the themes coincide with the traditional roles in politics where women do politics in areas pertaining reproduction. This part of the essay is analysed trough a model created by Lena Wängnerud. Reproduction means social, caring areas such as healthcare, education, and welfare whereas the other end of the scale is production with areas such as finance, taxes, and commercial politics. The women put forward 23 motions over a 10-year period where more than half of them fell under the reproduction category. The third question asks where or not the women act within the frames for the gender system and gender contract theorized by Yvonne Hirdman. The study finds that the women in the town council often followed the norm, which is for them to put forward motions pertaining other women, children, elderly and the lesser fortunate. The study also finds that Karlstad had a high percentage of women in the town council, comparing to the rest of Sweden and both Denmark and Norway. Even though the women were many in percentages, compared to the rest of the country they were rather passive. Only a few women put forward several motions. The reason for this is unclear but being in a male dominated field could mean that the little power existing for women were given to a small minority of the women, who got to be the voice for all the women. The study does find that one third of the motions could be placed under the production end of the scale meaning they might not have been as bound to the gender contract as first thought.

The main aim of the Master Thesis is the work of the 1940s by the American painter Edward Hopper (1882-1967) in a relationship to the long poem by Wystan Hugh Auden The Age of Anxiety. A Baroque Eclogue (1947). The Thesis in ten chapters researches Hopper's painting Nighthawks (1942), which is considered to be one of the most important works by Hopper from the war years. Unique position of this painting is reconstructed through intermedial projections and linkages towards the Auden's poem. Next to the interpretation of the intermedial relations, in the centre of the Thesis are time-space relations to Hopper's painting semantics due to period thoughs of temporality, atemporality and aperspectivism. An attention is also paid to the relation of the painting and phenomenology of temporal consciousness and continuance in connection with semantics of the space as "heterotopia".

O objetivo dessa tese é investigar de que maneira Little Caesar (Mervyn Leroy, 1931) e Force of Evil (Abraham Polonsky, 1947) registram, dentro do gênero gângster, questões como a Depressão na década de 1930, e o macarthismo na década de 1940, ao mesmo tempo em que estabelecem homologias estruturais entre o crime organizado e o mundo dos negócios. Tais questões surgem nesses dois filmes por força da matéria histórica envolvida nas condições de produção. Nossa tese é de que os filmes configuram, em diferentes medidas, estratégias de representação da matéria histórica apesar das tentativas de seu apagamento, como a censura e o macarthismo. / The aim of this thesis is to analyze how Little Caesar (Mervyn Leroy, 1931) and Force of Evil (Abraham Polonsky, 1947) portray, in the gangster genre, historically relevant questions such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and McCarthyism in the 1940s, while establishing structural homologies between organized crime and the business world. These themes arise in both films due to the strength of the historical substance implicated in the conditions of production. Our thesis is that these films depict, in different proportions, strategies of representation of the historical substance in spite of attempts to suppress it, such as censorship and McCarthyism.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Juliana Santos.pdf: 3771158 bytes, checksum: 4665b58939795b108185e3d3a66f58c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work, researching the1930s and 1940 with the aim to identify in natural films, posed, current affairs, documentaries and newsreels produced or commissioned by government agencies, discourses and understandings that were crucial to building diverse images of the city of São Paulo. We investigated several aspects that permeated the time interval between the crisis of fictional production (posed) in São Paulo, from and dated from the early 1930s, until the rise of the studios in São Paulo, from 1949, with the inauguration of Vera Cruz. An important film experience was done in the meantime, over the city, but not investigated or was questioned by historiography. In the period, non-fiction production has intensified, partly to meet a government demand to register, through film, urban change, social policies and they passed the state capital. We started from the practice of domestic and foreign cameraman to identify different cultural references, steeped in historical and social production. From the methodological point of view, work with sources (movies, newspapers, interviews, magazines, reports etc.) at all times sought to follow the paths of realization of these films. Both the government at the municipal, state and federal governments, as the modernist writers of São Paulo, analyze or produce film or immigrants living orders of the films contributed to the creation of images on the capital city. It has been argued by several sources of confrontation that was this production that started in the cinema, a way of telling a story with official advertisement objectives or documentary about the city / Neste trabalho, pesquisou-se às décadas de 1930 e 1940 com o objetivo de identificar, em filmes naturais, posados, atualidades, cinejornais e documentários, produzidos ou encomendados pelo poder público, discursos e compreensões que foram fundamentais para construir imagens diversas sobre a cidade de São Paulo. Foram investigados os diversos aspectos que permearam o intervalo de tempo, entre a crise da produção ficcional (posados), em São Paulo e datada do início da década de 1930, até a ascensão dos estúdios paulistas, a partir de 1949, com a inauguração da Vera Cruz. Uma importante experiência fílmica foi realizada, nesse meio tempo, sobre a cidade, mas que não foi problematizada ou investigada pela historiografia. No período, a produção não ficcional se intensificou, em parte para atender uma demanda do governo de registrar, por meio do cinema, as transformações urbanas, sociais e políticas pelas quais passavam a capital paulista. Partiu-se da prática do cinegrafista nacional e estrangeiro para identificar os diferentes referenciais culturais, históricos e sociais imersos na produção. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o trabalho com as fontes (filmes, jornais, entrevistas, revistas, relatórios etc.) procurou a todo instante seguir os percursos da realização desses filmes. Tanto o governo em âmbito municipal, estadual e federal, quanto os escritores modernistas de São Paulo, que analisavam ou produziam cinema ou os imigrantes que viviam das encomendas dos filmes, contribuíram para a elaboração de imagens sobre a capital paulista. Defendeu-se por meio da confrontação de fontes diversas que foi essa produção que iniciou, no cinema, um modo de contar uma história oficial com objetivos documentais ou de propaganda sobre a cidade