This diploma thesis deals with clean mobility, which becomes one of the current topics of today's society. Limited oil reserves and the state of the environment leads the goverments of developer countries to introduce alternative fuels in transport. The aim of the thesis is to clarify the economic costs and benefits of the practical application of clean mobility and to answer the question if the using of alternative fuels is economically rational. The Response is influenced by many factors and depends on the type of alternative fuel, the legislative framework of the country, the society awareness and others. Strength of the CNG's alternative fuel is mainly the lower fuel cost as well as for electromobility. The weakness of these fuels is the insufficient accessibility network of filling / charging places. An economic analysis of vehicle fleet modification of the Czech Environmental Inspectorate demonstrates that, under the current conditions, it is less costly to operate a vehicle with CNG alternative fuel. It is valid as well when the social cost of emissions are included.

Ruthenium - catalyzed olefin metathesis is now an invaluable tool in organic synthesis. However, routes to the dominant metathesis catalysts, the second - generation Grubbs and Hoveyda catalysts (RuCl 2 (PCy 3 )(H 2 IMes)(=CHPh) and RuCl 2 (H 2 IMes)[= CH( o - O i Pr)C 6 H 4 ], respectively) are plagued with problems. The common reliance on in situ methods to generate the N - heterocyclic carbene H 2 IMes severely limits stoichiometric control, and results in contamination by byproducts, some of which are readily overlooked, and some of which are difficult to remove. Both can affect batch - to - batch reproducibility in catalysis. This thesis work demonstrated that widespread perceptions of the instability of free H 2 IMes are erroneous, and that the free carbene is readily handled under water - free conditions. Clean, convenient, near - quantitative routes were developed to these second - generation catalysts by ligand exchange of their first - gen eration counterparts RuCl 2 (PCy 3 ) 2 (=CHPh), RuCl 2 (PCy 3 )[= CH( o - O i Pr)C 6 H 4 ] with free H 2 IMes, with sequestration of the liberated phosphine by an ion - exchange resin. A second focus was examination of a much - debated hypothesis in olefin metathesis: that is, the extent to which the high productivity of the Hoveyda catalysts reflects re - uptake of the styrenyl ether functionality released in the initial cycle of metathesis. Current evidence for and against this "boomerang" hypothesis is critically examined, and new approaches to examining its operation are described. Specifically, the rate of decomposition, vs. re - uptake, is examined for the active species RuCl 2 (PCy 3 )(=CH 2 ), and background exchange of the parent catalyst with free styrenyl ether is measured by use of a 13 C - labelled styrenyl ether. These studies confirm the relevance of the boomerang mechanism for first - generation Hoveyda catalysts.

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / The research investigates the reason why service delivery is slow and not enough or just not available in many areas. It highlights the problems that hamper progress toward achieving service delivery. Some of the problems discussed are: (a) The non-availability of enabling legislation to enable the state department to carry out their projects and plans, including the difficulty of implementing policy. While the government is quick to announce that it is going to achieve certain goals, it does not follow through to achieve these goals. (b) Some of the government ministers are unwilling to bring about a speedy recovery because- (1) they are busy building their own images and wealth; and (2) most of all are party loyalists whose hands are tied by the socialist ideology. While the ministers preach about how successful they are in providing basic services to the people, the very same people we are told are served, are complaining that the government is not doing enough to address the problems that affect the poor. In more cases than one, the situation of the people has remained the same as if they were living during the old apartheid days.

Responses in India towards the Clean Development Mechanism Asmita Bhardwaj Recognizing the grave danger that climate change poses to mankind, the United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change (UNFCCC) was adopted in 1992 by 150 nations. Subsequent climate change negotiations were to be guided through the principles of â equity,â â common but differentiated responsibilitiesâ and respective â capabilities,â while developed countries were to take lead in combating climate change. The Kyoto Protocol amended the FCCC in 1997 and set legally binding emission reduction targets for industrialized countries. No such commitments were mandated for the developing countries. The Kyoto Protocol, however, created the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which required participation of developing countries as hosts for CDM projects. Though it faced significant opposition at the onset it was adopted by many developing countries later. This paper outlines the responses towards the CDM in India. <p> Many developed countries, such as the United States, have sought to include participation of developing countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions mainly through binding growth caps on future emissions. Since 1997, this call for â meaningful participationâ has stalled the US ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. In response some scholars have tried to link initiatives like CDM to â meaningful participationâ . This paper suggests that rather than relying on the CDM, this contention regarding commitments can be resolved on a long-term basis if only there is a fair and explicit allocation of GHG emission quotas incorporating â equityâ concerns. Meaningful participation, which might mean quantified commitments, does not take into consideration â equityâ , a key criteria for developing country participation. Full participation can only result when Southern demands are given equal importance. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

No description available.

Context. There is a need for developers to write clean code and code that adheres to a high-quality standard. We need developers not to introduce technical debt and code smells to the code. From a business perspective, developers that introduce technical debt to the code will make the code more difficult to maintain, meaning that the cost for the project will increase. Objectives. The main objective of this study is to gain an understanding about the perception the developers have about clean code and how they use it in practice. There is not much information about how clean code is perceived by developers and applied in practice, and this thesis will extend the information about those two areas. It is an effort to understand developers' perception of clean code in practice and what they think about it. Realization (Method). To understand the state-of-the-art in the area of clean code, we first performed  literature review using snowballing. To delve into developers' perception about clean code and how it is used in practice. We have developed and sent out a questionnaire survey to developers within companies and shared the survey via social networks. We ask if developers believe that clean code eases the process of reading, modifying, reusing, or maintaining code. We also investigate whether developers write clean code initially or refactor it to become clean code, or do none of these. Finally, we ask developers in practice what clean code principles they agree or disagree with. Asking this will help identify which clean code principles developers think are helpful and which are not. Results. The results from the investigation are that the developers strongly believe in clean code and that it affects reading, modifying, reusing, and maintaining code, positively. Also, developers do not write clean code initially but rather refactor unclean code to become clean code. Only a small portion of developers write clean code initially, and some do what suits the situation, while some do neither of these. The last result is that developers agree with most of the clean code principles listed in the questionnaire survey and that there are also some principles that they discard, but these fewer. Conclusions. From the first research question, we know that developers strongly believe that clean code makes the code more readable, understandable, modifiable, or reusable. Also, developers check that the code is readable using code reviews, peer reviews, or pull requests. Regarding the second research question, we know that developers mostly refactor unclean code rather than write clean code initially. The challenges are that to write clean code initially, a developer must have a solid understanding of the problem and obstacles in advance, and a developer will not always know what the code should look like in advance. The last research question showed that most developers agree with most of the clean code principles and that only a small portion of developers disagree with some of them. Static code analysis and code quality gates can ensure that developers follow these clean code practices and principles.

Suchomel, TJ, Wright, GA, Kernozek, TW, and Kline, DE. Kinetic comparison of the power development between power clean variations. J Strength Cond Res 28(2): 350- 360, 2014-The purpose of this study was to compare the power production of the hang clean (HC), jump shrug (JS), and high pull (HP) when performed at different relative loads. Seventeen men with previous HC training experience, performed 3 repetitions each of the HC, JS, and HP at relative loads of 30, 45, 65, and 80% of their 1 repetition maximum (1RM) HC on a force platform over 3 different testing sessions. Peak power output (PPO), peak force (PF), and peak velocity (PV) of the lifter plus bar system during each repetition were compared. The JS produced a greater PPO, PF, and PV than both the HC (p > 0.001) and HP (p > 0.001). The HP also produced a greater PPO (p > 0.01) and PV (p > 0.001) than the HC. Peak power output, PF, and PV occurred at 45, 65, and 30% 1RM, respectively. Peak power output at 45% 1RM was greater than PPO at 65% (p = 0.043) and 80% 1RM (p = 0.004). Peak force at 30% was less than PF at 45% (p = 0.006), 65% (p > 0.001), and 80% 1RM (p = 0.003). Peak velocity at 30 and 45% was greater than PV at 65% (p > 0.001) and 80% 1RM (p > 0.001). Peak velocity at 65% 1RM was also greater than PV at 80% 1RM (p > 0.001). When designing resistance training programs, practitioners should consider implementing the JS and HP. To optimize PPO, loads of approximately 30 and 45% 1RM HC are recommended for the JS and HP, respectively.

This study examined the impact of load on lower body performance variables during the hang power clean. Fourteen men performed the hang power clean at loads of 30%, 45%, 65%, and 80% 1RM. Peak force, velocity, power, force at peak power, velocity at peak power, and rate of force development were compared at each load. The greatest peak force occurred at 80% 1RM. Peak force at 30% 1RM was statistically lower than peak force at 45% (p = 0.022), 65% (p = 0.010), and 80% 1RM (p = 0.018). Force at peak power at 65% and 80% 1RM was statistically greater than force at peak power at 30% (p < 0.01) and 45% 1RM (p < 0.01). The greatest rate of force development occurred at 30% 1RM, but was not statistically different from the rate of force development at 45%, 65%, and 80% 1RM. The rate of force development at 65% 1RM was statistically greater than the rate of force development at 80% 1RM (p = 0.035). No other statistical differences existed in any variable existed. Changes in load affected the peak force, force at peak power, and rate of force development, but not the peak velocity, power, or velocity at peak power.

En el presente trabajo se ha podido evaluar de manera progresiva, desde sus orígenes hasta la evaluación financiera respectiva del proyecto “Clean Bio”, producto que llega al mercado peruano para ofrecer la satisfacción a los usuarios, tanto como a amas de casa, colaboradores de las empresas que se dedican a la limpieza, y público en general. Nuestra propuesta de valor e idea nace tras poder identificar una problemática que afecta a la sociedad. En primer lugar, es importante mencionar que la limpieza para todos los seres humanos es algo esencial tanto en nuestros hogares hasta en los hospitales clínicos, tanto para nuestros niños como para nuestras mascotas, esto para poder evitar problemas de salud evidentemente. No obstante, existen muchos productos en el mercado de limpieza que atentan, afectan y contaminan el medio ambiente resultando perjudicial para los seres vivos. Por ende, el equipo de “Clean Bio”, detectamos grandes oportunidades dado esta problemática ofreciendo un producto 100% natural e inorgánico, fabricado a base de merma de fruta que a lo largo del trabajo será explicado. En conclusión, hemos aprovechado la oportunidad de explotar la mejor opción para nuestros futuros y potenciales clientes con el nuevo limpiador que rinde más y es rentable tanto para los usuarios como para la empresa, lo cual se podrá visualizar con los indicadores financieros expuestos en la parte última del presente trabajo. / In this paper, we`ve evauated the progressive way since it´s origins to the financial evaluation from the Project “Clean Bio”, a product that arrives to the peruvian market to deliver satisfaction to the consumer, from the house wifes, to the companies where we can offer our quality product and also to every consumer who wants a nice cleaning experience helping the enviroment. Our value proposal and principal idea comes from the power to identify a problema in our society. In the first place it´s important to mention that cleaning is essential to every human being in their homes, hospitals and also to the pets and kids in every city of this world. On adittion to the previos statements, the “Clean Bio” team has discovered big opportunities to the toxic cleaning products in the market, so we are delivering a 100% natural organic product made by a base of the rests from fruits and vegetables. In conclusion we are taking this opportunity to explore the better option to our future and potential clients, which is the better option for the world and we are gonna se the financial indicators projected to the future in the last part of this paper. From the clean bio experience the clients are pretty much satisfied, because from the performance of the product and the orgnic ingredients. Likewise the expectations are too high and could please all the clients in the market and offer a good product quality, guarantee and certifications from sanity. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.