Ce travail a porté sur l’étude de l’évolution des communautés zooplanctoniques à partir de séries temporelles de relevés effectués de 1995 à 2010 dans deux écosystèmes côtiers couplés, la Petite Rade de Toulon (PR) et Grande Rade de Toulon (GR) (Méditerranée Nord Occidentale, France) en relation avec les facteurs climatiques, les paramètres physiques et chimiques de l'eau et avec le phytoplancton. Le pas d’échantillonnage des relevés de zooplancton et du phytoplancton était d’un mois en moyenne. La maille du filet utilisé était de 90 µm, afin de cibler le mésozooplancton. La PR a différé de la GR dans son fonctionnement écologique, car elle est semi-fermée, mais aussi parce que l'activité anthropique y était beaucoup plus importante. Nos résultats ont montré que, de 1995 à 2010 dans les deux baies, l'abondance du zooplancton a sensiblement augmenté, surtout dans la PR. Il a été également établi, en utilisant différents outils statistiques, que la plus grande partie des espèces de zooplancton évolue de manière coordonnée chaque année, mais d’une manière différente d’une année à l’autre. C’est ce que nous avons appelé la signature annuelle, qui était très marquée dans la PR. Plusieurs paramètres environnementaux comme la température, l’oxygène, la salinité et l’ensoleillement, qui ont été simultanément enregistrés, expliquent cette signature annuelle. Il a été montré en effet qu’ils influencent très sensiblement la population de zooplancton, de manière instantanée ou avec un effet retardé. Les interactions responsables de cette évolution sont fort complexes, mais il a été aussi établi que ces facteurs sont plus forts lorsqu’ils agissaient de manière coordonnée. La répartition du zooplancton en groupes taxonomiques a montré que la diversité a augmenté jusqu’en 2005, puis a diminué légèrement, tout en restant à des niveaux plus élevés qu’en 1995. L’étude détaillée de la diversité, avec une classification des indices eux-mêmes, a fait l’objet du dernier chapitre. Enfin, nous émettons l’hypothèse que la diminution des stocks de poissons au cours des dernières décennies dans toute la région a entraîné une diminution des taux de prédation sur les communautés zooplanctoniques, ce qui peut expliquer l’augmentation de peuplements zooplanctoniques au cours de ces dernières années. Cet accroissement de l’abondance du zooplancton a pu entraîner à son tour une diminution de la biomasse du phytoplancton. Cette diminution a été parallèlement observée par notre équipe. Ceci suggère un système de contrôle top-down du réseau trophique. / This work focused the study of the evolution of zooplankton communities from time series of surveys conducted from 1995 to 2010 in two coastal coupled ecosystems, Little Bay (PR) and Large Bay (GR) of Toulon (North Western Mediterranean Sea, France) in relation to climatic factors, physical and chemical water parameters and phytoplankton. The samplings surveys of zooplankton, and indeed also of phytoplankton, were a month, on average. The net mesh size used was 90 µm to target Mesozooplankton. The PR differed from the GR in its ecological functioning, because it is semi-closed, but also because human activity is much more important. Our results showed that, from 1995 to 2010 in both bays, zooplankton abundance increased substantially, especially in the PR. It was also established, using statistical tools, that most zooplankton species evolved coordinated each year, but in a different way from one year to another. This is what we call the annual signature, which was more pronounced in the PR. Several environmental parameters such as temperature, oxygen, salinity and sunlight, which were simultaneously recorded, explained this annual signature. It was shown that they significantly influenced the population of zooplankton, instantly or with a delayed effect. Interactions responsible for this development are complex, but it was also established that these factors were stronger when they acted in a coordinated manner. Distribution of zooplankton taxonomic groups showed diversity increases until 2005 and then decreased slightly, while remaining at levels higher than in 1995. The detailed study of diversity, with a classification of the clues themselves was the subject of the last chapter. Finally, we hypothesize that the decline of fish stocks in recent decades throughout the region, resulting in lower rate of predation on zooplankton communities, may explain the increase of zooplankton communities in recent years. This increase in zooplankton abundance could in turn lead to a decrease in phytoplankton biomass. The decrease of phytoplankton was at the same time observed by our team. The latter hypothesis suggests a top-down control of the the food web

Diploma theses analyses the job satisfaction problem of employees of the company XY including the social climate aspects. On the basis of questionnaire method the factors which are affecting job satisfaction in positive way, as well as the factors which originate job dissatisfaction have been specified. The information obtained from these questionnaires have been analysed and explicated at the same time. The author has proposed some measures to remedy the situation in the workplace as well to increase the factor of job satisfaction, motivation and social climate in the workplace.

The uninterrupted spread of malaria, besides its seasonal uncertainty, is due to the lack of suitable planning and intervention mechanisms and tools. Several studies have been carried out to understand the factors that affect the development and transmission of malaria, but these efforts have been largely limited to piecemeal specific methods, hence they do not offer comprehensive solutions to predict disease outbreaks. This thesis introduces a ’holistic’ approach to understand the relationship between climate parameters and the occurrence of malaria using both mathematical and computational methods. In this respect, we develop new climate-based models using mathematical, agent-based and data-driven modelling techniques. A malaria model is developed using mathematical modelling to investigate the impact of temperature-dependent delays. Although this method is widely applicable, but it is limited to the study of homogeneous populations. An agent-based technique is employed to address this limitation, where the spatial and temporal variability of agents involved in the transmission of malaria are taken into account. Moreover, whilst the mathematical and agent-based approaches allow for temperature and precipitation in the modelling process, they do not capture other dynamics that might potentially affect malaria. Hence, to accommodate the climatic predictors of malaria, an intelligent predictive model is developed using machine-learning algorithms, which supports predictions of endemics in certain geographical areas by monitoring the risk factors, e.g., temperature and humidity. The thesis not only synthesises mathematical and computational methods to better understand the disease dynamics and its transmission, but also provides healthcare providers and policy makers with better planning and intervention tools.

The aim of this thesis is to find out to what extent the prison environment can influence the mood of a teaching staff. In the theoretical part, after defining the basic concepts, we are going to deal with a school climate. This basic theme is explained by the basic factors affecting school climate from the perspective of a parent, pupil, director and teacher. We are going to attend to the influence of teachers over school and how that school climate can affect teachers. The last chapter is dedicated to educating inmates in an environment of imprisonment and education possibilities which are offers to prisoner by this system. Key words: school climate, climate factors, teacher, staff, prison environment, education

Despite the benefits of applying methods of geographic information science (GIScience), the use of such methods in health service planning and provision remains greatly underutilized. Spread of epidemic diseases is a constant threat to mankind and the globalization of the world increases the risk for global attacks from multi-resistant bacteria or deadly virus strains. Therefore, research is needed to better understand how GIScience could be used in epidemiologic analyses and other health applications. This thesis is divided into two parts; one for epidemiologic analyses and one for neighbourhood studies. The overall objective of the epidemiologic part of this research is to understand more about the spatial spread of past pandemics and to find out if there are any common patterns. This overall objective is divided into four specific research objectives; 1) to describe the spatial spread of the Russian Influenza in Sweden, 2) to create models of propagation of the Black Death in Sweden, 3) to establish spatiotemporal characteristics common to past pandemics in Sweden and 4) to visualize the spatiotemporal occurrence of salmonella among animal herds in Sweden. This thesis also discusses some other aspects of health related to place. Are differences in neighbourhood deprivation related to the amount of presence of goods and services? Is the way cities are planned affecting the behaviour within the local population regarding spontaneous walking and physical activity? The specific research objectives for this part are to define how deprivation is related to presence of goods and services in Sweden and to create walkability indices over the city of Stockholm including a quality test of these indices. Case data reported by physicians were used for the epidemiologic studies. The pandemics discussed covered the entire world, but our data is from Sweden only and as regards the Black Death there was no case data at all. The data for the goods and services analyses are from all of Sweden, whereas the walkability indices are based on data from the city of Stockholm. Various methods have been used to clean, structure and geocode the data, including hand written reports on case data, maps of poor geometric quality, information from databases on climate, demography, diseases, goods and services, income data and more, to make this data feasible for spatial analysis, modeling and visualization. Network analysis was used to model food transports in the 14th century as well as walking in the city of Stockholm today. Proximity analysis was used to assess the spatio-temporal spread of the Russian Influenza. The impact of climatological factors on the propagation of the Asian Influenza was analyzed and geographically weighted mean (GWM) calculations were used to discover common characteristics in the spatio-temporal spread of three past pandemics. Among the results generated in the epidemiologic study the following should be noted in particular; the local peaking periods of the Asian Influenza were preceded by falling temperature, the total peaking period for the three pandemics (Russian, Asian and A(H1N1)pdm09) was approximately 10 weeks and their weekly GWM followed a path from southwest to northeast (opposite direction for the A(H1N1)pdm09). From the neighborhood studies one can note that compared to the results measured and reported by tested individuals there is a positive (small but significant) association between neighborhood walkability and physical activity outcomes. The main contribution of this work is that it gives epidemiologists and public health specialists new ideas, not only on how to formulate, model, analyze and visualize different health related research questions but also ideas on how new procedures could be implemented in their daily work. Once the data reporting is organized in a suitable manner there is a multitude of options on how to present important and critical information to officials and policy makers. / <p>QC 20140313</p>

Analizuojama asfalto dangos konstrukcijos elgsena Lietuvos klimato sąlygomis, įvertinant temperatūros ir drėgnio, kaip vienų iš svarbiausių klimato veiksnių, įtaką kelio asfalto dangos konstrukcijos stipriui. Pateikta krintančio svorio deflektometro matavimo metodikų apžvalga kitose šalyse. Atlikta temperatūros ir drėgnio kiekvienos dienos pokyčių analizė, įvertinant jų įtaką dangos konstrukcijai. Nustatyta kelio dangos stiprio ir Eo modulio priklausomybė nuo dangos temperatūros, matuojant kelio dangos įlinkius krintančio svorio deflektometru. Kai asfalto dangos stipris matuojamas skirtingu metų laiku ar įvairiu paros metu, tai Eo modulio reikšmės turi būti redukuojamos priimtai standartinei temperatūrai. Eksperimentiniame asfalto dangų konstrukcijų ruože atliktu tyrimu patikslintas temperatūrinis redukcijos koeficientas, kuris leidžia krintančio svorio deflektometru nustatytas asfalto dangos sluoksnių Eo modulio vertes redukuoti standartinei +20 °C temperatūrai. / This final master thesis performs asphalt pavement structural behavior of the Lithuanian climate conditions, taking into account the temperature and moisture, as one of the most important climatic factors that influence the road asphalt pavement structural strength. The Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) measurement methods used in other countries are presented. The temperature and moisture changes in the day are analysed, evaluating their impact on pavement design. The strength of asphalt pavement layers, as well as Eo modulus values, measured using the falling weight deflectometer, strongly depend on the pavement temperature. When we use deflectometer for measuring asphalt pavement strength at different environmental conditions and in different season, the values of Eo modulus should be reduced to the assumed standard temperature. So during this research at the experimental asphalt pavement structure the temperature correction factor was revised. The use of this factor enables to adjust the Eo modulus values of asphalt pavement layers measured by the Falling Weight Deflectometer to the standard temperature of +20 °C.

The central point of this thesis is the matter of school climate. The text seeks to cover the important features of this phenomenon and to set its theoretical framework. The thesis itself consists of two main parts: theory and research. To understand school climate we cover the terminology in the first chapter of the theoretical part. The second chapter goes into deeper details of school climate such as its structure and effects. In the third chapter, we take a closer look at salient features and factors impacting school climate. Of these features, students and teachers are the most important elements contributing to the school climate and as such are covered most extensively. The last chapter discusses various criterions to assess the pattern of the school climate. The research section is centered around an opinion survey focused on school climate perception from the standpoint of students, teachers, and parents conducted in smaller city high schools. Next to the description of climates observed, the research also compares the key indicators as well as the views of the survey participants.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to introduce the problem of the classroom climate of the first grade at primary school. Classroom climate is a complex phenomenon and process and is subject to many influences, which are described in more detail in the theoretical part of this thesis. According to the literature, a key role is played by the teacher in the formation and influence of classroom climate. The practical part is aimed at the teacher ? it presents the results of interviews conducted with experienced first-grade teachers. The results show how addressed teachers define the concept of classroom climate, how it is diagnosed and further developed. The teachers also described the climate of their current classes and their opinions were compared with the results of a questionnaire that brought the views of the classroom climate through the eyes of pupils. This thesis is a part of GAJU Project 154/2016/S ?Preparedness of students and fresh graduates of PF JCU to solve educational problems of pupils.?

The aim of this research was to identify the impacts and adaptation options of climate variability and change on agricultural crop production in Vhembe District Municipality. The study will contribute to the expansion of existing literature on climate change impacts on agricultural sector. The following two main objectives were formulated for the purpose of this study:  To determine the level of awareness of small-scale maize farmers about climate change impacts and threats in Vhembe District Municipality (VDM),  To compare the level of production scales between the farmers who are aware and the farmers who are not aware of climate change impacts and its threats. The study area was the Vhembe District Municipality; a representative sample of 150 farmers (aged 18 – 65+ years, 46 percent males and 54 percent females) participated in the study. Vhembe District Municipality is one of poorest municipalities in Limpopo due to lack of infrastructure development, and as a result of that, there is an increase of socio-economic problems such as food prices increase, unemployment, scarcity of food, and lack of local markets. The study further covers the municipality’s farming enterprises, systems, categories, infrastructure as well as other constraints that may be facing the emerging farmer in the District. The study highlighted the lack of climate change information, reduction of livestock production and crop yields of the farmers in the Vhembe District. The literature studies show climate variability and change adaptation strategies such as planting different varieties, crop diversification, different planting dates and shortening of growing periods. This study draws on lessons learned, experiences, and other existing research on climate change impact and adaptation across the globe. It was concluded during the research that change in climate was already perceived by farmers in the Vhembe District and the study also presented perceived adaptation strategies used by farmers in the Vhembe District. The study concludes that there is lack of local market, and low level of farmers’ awareness about the impact of climate change on the crop production in the Vhembe district. This low level of awareness translates into a low level of crop production which results in increased socio-economic problems, low income, increased unemployment, increased crops diseases and reduced crop yields. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

The variability of egg-size within a bird species reflects different reproductive investments and, besides the intrinsic constraints and particular female quality, it can be affected by environmental factors, too. Moreover, the egg-size predetermines the chick performance. The knowledge of factors influencing precocial chick survival is crucial for better understanding of life-history strategies as well as for endangered species conservation. The Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) represents a suitable model species for investigation of climate variables effects on egg-size and also to study factors influencing chick survival. Eggs in a total of 714 nests were measured during 13 breeding seasons over period 1988-2014 in South Bohemia and 293 lapwing chicks from 100 broods in 37 localities were monitored in 2013-2014. The mean egg-size through the whole season is positively affected by March precipitation, March clutches also negatively by minus temperatures in March. The higher intensity of rainfall there is during March, the bigger eggs are laid in March and the steeper is slope of decline in mean egg-size during season. This decline is more profound with lower rainfall in April. The effect of habitat is not significant. The body mass and condition of hatchlings is positively correlated with the...