Abstract This study is a comparative analysis of selected poems from Jacques Prévert’s Paroles (1946/1947). It is an application of a mainstreamed theoretical paradigm comprising deconstruction, hermeneutics and relevance. The overall aim is to show how each translator of Jacques Prévert derived latent and relatively obvious semantic possibilities from the ST. This objective is attained through a descriptive analysis of the translation process, and an attempt to interpret the findings thereby revealed, primarily according to the tenets of deconstruction, and according to the tenets of hermeneutics and relevance if possible. The theoretical model that grounds the study is a non-reductionist, non-prescriptivist and non-evaluative. That is the reason why the traditional terminology associated with some of the theoretical aspects mainstreamed in the model have been adapted to fit in with the general aim of the study. Actual reading experiences hardly entail a consecutive reading of more than one text. But this research is like a laboratory experiment; it tests the applicability of integrated [theoretical] formulae to a hypothetical case, the consecutive reading of selected poems from Paroles (1946/1947) and their English translations.

Automatic face recognition has attracted the attention of many research institutes, commercial industries, and government agencies in the past few years mainly due to the emergence of numerous applications, such as surveillance, access control to secure facilities, and airport screening. Almost all of the research on the early days of face recognition was focused on using 2-D (intensity/portrait) images of the face. While several sophisticated 2-D solutions have been proposed, unbiased evaluation studies show that their collective performance remains unsatisfactory, and degrades significantly with variations in lighting condition, face position, makeup, or existence of non-neutral facial expressions. Recent developments in 3-D imaging technology has made cheaper, quicker and more reliable acquisition of 3-D facial models a reality. These 3-D facial models contain information about the anatomical structure of the face that remains constant under variable lighting conditions, facial makeup, and pose variations. Thus, researchers are considering to utilize 3-D structure of the face alone or in combination with 2-D information to alleviate inherent limitations of 2-D images and attain better performance. Published 3-D face recognition algorithms have demonstrated promising results confirming the effectiveness of 3-D facial models in dealing with the above mentioned factors contributing to the failure of 2-D face recognition systems. However, the majority of these 3-D algorithms are extensions of conventional 2-D approaches, where intensity images are simply replaced by 3-D models rendered as range images. These algorithms are not specifically tailored to exploit abundant geometric and anthropometric clues available in 3-D facial models. In this dissertation we introduce innovative 3-D and 2-D+3-D facial measurements (features) that effectively describe the geometric characteristics of the corresponding faces. Some of the features described in this dissertation, as well as many features proposed in the literature are defined around or between meaningful facial landmarks (fiducial points). In order to reach our goal of designing an accurate automatic face recognition system, we also propose a novel algorithm combining 3-D (range) and 2-D (portrait) Gabor clues to pinpoint a number of points with meaningful anthropometric definitions with significantly better accuracies than those achievable using a single modality alone. This dissertation is organized as follows. In Chapter 1, various biometric modalities are introduced and the advantages of the facial biometrics over other modalities are discussed. The discussion in Chapter 1 is continued with introduction of the face recognition’s modes of operation followed by some current and potential future applications. The problem statement of this dissertation is also included in this chapter. In Chapter 2, an extensive review of the successful 2-D, 3-D, and 2-D+3-D face recognition algorithms are provided. Chapter 3 presents the details of our innovative 3-D and 2-D+3-D face features, as well as our accurate fiducial point detection algorithm. Conclusions and directions for future extensions are presented in Chapter 4. / text

There has been a dramatic expansion of dairying in New Zealand in the last two decades. This has been accompanied by a series of environmental issues around water use and water pollution. This thesis looks at the issue of excess nitrogen and phosphorus lost off dairy farms to waterways using a mixed method approach. Qualitative interviews with dairy farmers and GIS based water quality modelling are employed to explore whether the introduction of nutrient benchmarks would achieve sustainable milk production systems. Two Best Practice Dairy Catchments, Waikakahi in South Canterbury and Inchbonnie on the West Coast, were investigated as the study areas. These catchments are part of an established DairyNZ program. Findings show that nutrient benchmarks do have the ability to achieve sustainable milk production systems in the catchments. It presents the implications and recommendations for the benchmarking project.

Os estudos nas áreas da neuropsicologia e da afasiologia sempre demonstraram uma preocupação em analisar o processamento da linguagem de afásicos. Porém, ainda existe a necessidade de se analisar a produção oral desses indivíduos, com o objetivo de melhor descrever os distúrbios apresentados pelos mesmos com vistas a contribuir com os possíveis tratamentos dedicados a essas pessoas. Por essa razão, esta dissertação investigou a dificuldade de acesso lexical, tanto na produção de fala espontânea, através de uma Entrevista de Memória Autobiográfica, como na fala semi espontânea, através da Tarefa do Roubo dos Biscoitos, em dois indivíduos afásicos, caracterizando dois fenômenos linguísticos decorrentes da afasia – anomia e parafasia – bem como elencando os tipos de estratégias comunicativas empregadas por esses indivíduos com vistas a superar dificuldades linguísticas no momento da comunicação. Os resultados encontrados mostram que ambos os indivíduos apresentaram casos de anomia, principalmente relacionados aos substantivos concretos, à subcategoria dos nomes próprios e aos numerais. Foi possível verificar também que, quando apresentavam casos de anomia, os dois participantes utilizaram-se com frequência de estratégias comunicativas. No que tange aos casos de parafasia, foi possível observar que na produção oral de ambos os participantes, os casos de parafasia morfêmica relacionados aos verbos e às palavras funcionais foram mais frequentes, se comparados com os outros tipos de parafasia. Nos casos de parafasia morfêmica dos verbos, observou-se uma dificuldade de referência de tempo ao passado, ao passo que, em relação às palavras funcionais, houve uma dificuldade de flexão de gênero. / A large number of studies in Neuropsychology and Aphasiology have analyzed language processing of individuals with aphasia. However, there is still the necessity of analyzing the oral production, with the purpose of improving the description of language disorders common to these aphasic patients and analyzing appropriate treatment for these individuals. Within this context, the present study aimed to investigate lexical access in two aphasic patients in spontaneous versus semi-spontaneous speech production through two distinct tasks: an Autobiographical Memory Interview as well as The Cookie Theft Picture Description Task with the focus on the linguistic phenomena that result of aphasia - anomia and paraphasia. In addition to that, we also looked at the types of communication strategies employed by these aphasic individuals in order to overcome language difficulties when communicating. The results show that both subjects presented cases of anomia, mainly related to concrete nouns, the subcategory of proper names and numerals. It was also verified that, when presenting anomia, the two participants used communication clues in order to overcome their language impairments. With regard to the cases of paraphasia, it was also observed that, in the oral production of both participants, cases of morphemic paraphasia related to verbs and function words were more frequent when compared with other types of paraphasia. When the cases of morphemic paraphasia were related to verbs, there was a difficulty associated with time reference to the past, whereas in relation to functional words there was a difficulty of bending genre.

Os estudos nas áreas da neuropsicologia e da afasiologia sempre demonstraram uma preocupação em analisar o processamento da linguagem de afásicos. Porém, ainda existe a necessidade de se analisar a produção oral desses indivíduos, com o objetivo de melhor descrever os distúrbios apresentados pelos mesmos com vistas a contribuir com os possíveis tratamentos dedicados a essas pessoas. Por essa razão, esta dissertação investigou a dificuldade de acesso lexical, tanto na produção de fala espontânea, através de uma Entrevista de Memória Autobiográfica, como na fala semi espontânea, através da Tarefa do Roubo dos Biscoitos, em dois indivíduos afásicos, caracterizando dois fenômenos linguísticos decorrentes da afasia – anomia e parafasia – bem como elencando os tipos de estratégias comunicativas empregadas por esses indivíduos com vistas a superar dificuldades linguísticas no momento da comunicação. Os resultados encontrados mostram que ambos os indivíduos apresentaram casos de anomia, principalmente relacionados aos substantivos concretos, à subcategoria dos nomes próprios e aos numerais. Foi possível verificar também que, quando apresentavam casos de anomia, os dois participantes utilizaram-se com frequência de estratégias comunicativas. No que tange aos casos de parafasia, foi possível observar que na produção oral de ambos os participantes, os casos de parafasia morfêmica relacionados aos verbos e às palavras funcionais foram mais frequentes, se comparados com os outros tipos de parafasia. Nos casos de parafasia morfêmica dos verbos, observou-se uma dificuldade de referência de tempo ao passado, ao passo que, em relação às palavras funcionais, houve uma dificuldade de flexão de gênero. / A large number of studies in Neuropsychology and Aphasiology have analyzed language processing of individuals with aphasia. However, there is still the necessity of analyzing the oral production, with the purpose of improving the description of language disorders common to these aphasic patients and analyzing appropriate treatment for these individuals. Within this context, the present study aimed to investigate lexical access in two aphasic patients in spontaneous versus semi-spontaneous speech production through two distinct tasks: an Autobiographical Memory Interview as well as The Cookie Theft Picture Description Task with the focus on the linguistic phenomena that result of aphasia - anomia and paraphasia. In addition to that, we also looked at the types of communication strategies employed by these aphasic individuals in order to overcome language difficulties when communicating. The results show that both subjects presented cases of anomia, mainly related to concrete nouns, the subcategory of proper names and numerals. It was also verified that, when presenting anomia, the two participants used communication clues in order to overcome their language impairments. With regard to the cases of paraphasia, it was also observed that, in the oral production of both participants, cases of morphemic paraphasia related to verbs and function words were more frequent when compared with other types of paraphasia. When the cases of morphemic paraphasia were related to verbs, there was a difficulty associated with time reference to the past, whereas in relation to functional words there was a difficulty of bending genre.

Os estudos nas áreas da neuropsicologia e da afasiologia sempre demonstraram uma preocupação em analisar o processamento da linguagem de afásicos. Porém, ainda existe a necessidade de se analisar a produção oral desses indivíduos, com o objetivo de melhor descrever os distúrbios apresentados pelos mesmos com vistas a contribuir com os possíveis tratamentos dedicados a essas pessoas. Por essa razão, esta dissertação investigou a dificuldade de acesso lexical, tanto na produção de fala espontânea, através de uma Entrevista de Memória Autobiográfica, como na fala semi espontânea, através da Tarefa do Roubo dos Biscoitos, em dois indivíduos afásicos, caracterizando dois fenômenos linguísticos decorrentes da afasia – anomia e parafasia – bem como elencando os tipos de estratégias comunicativas empregadas por esses indivíduos com vistas a superar dificuldades linguísticas no momento da comunicação. Os resultados encontrados mostram que ambos os indivíduos apresentaram casos de anomia, principalmente relacionados aos substantivos concretos, à subcategoria dos nomes próprios e aos numerais. Foi possível verificar também que, quando apresentavam casos de anomia, os dois participantes utilizaram-se com frequência de estratégias comunicativas. No que tange aos casos de parafasia, foi possível observar que na produção oral de ambos os participantes, os casos de parafasia morfêmica relacionados aos verbos e às palavras funcionais foram mais frequentes, se comparados com os outros tipos de parafasia. Nos casos de parafasia morfêmica dos verbos, observou-se uma dificuldade de referência de tempo ao passado, ao passo que, em relação às palavras funcionais, houve uma dificuldade de flexão de gênero. / A large number of studies in Neuropsychology and Aphasiology have analyzed language processing of individuals with aphasia. However, there is still the necessity of analyzing the oral production, with the purpose of improving the description of language disorders common to these aphasic patients and analyzing appropriate treatment for these individuals. Within this context, the present study aimed to investigate lexical access in two aphasic patients in spontaneous versus semi-spontaneous speech production through two distinct tasks: an Autobiographical Memory Interview as well as The Cookie Theft Picture Description Task with the focus on the linguistic phenomena that result of aphasia - anomia and paraphasia. In addition to that, we also looked at the types of communication strategies employed by these aphasic individuals in order to overcome language difficulties when communicating. The results show that both subjects presented cases of anomia, mainly related to concrete nouns, the subcategory of proper names and numerals. It was also verified that, when presenting anomia, the two participants used communication clues in order to overcome their language impairments. With regard to the cases of paraphasia, it was also observed that, in the oral production of both participants, cases of morphemic paraphasia related to verbs and function words were more frequent when compared with other types of paraphasia. When the cases of morphemic paraphasia were related to verbs, there was a difficulty associated with time reference to the past, whereas in relation to functional words there was a difficulty of bending genre.

Purpose: This study examines the classification accuracy and interrater reliability of a dynamic assessment (DA) of inferential word learning designed to accurately identify kindergarten through sixth-grade students with and without language disorder. Method: The participants included 127 school-age children from a mountain west school district who were administered a DA of inferential word learning that entailed a pretest, a teaching phase, an examiner rating of the child's ability to infer word meaning (modifiability), and posttests. Results: Hierarchical logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed that combining all posttests, the modifiability total, and the final examiner judgement scores from this DA yielded the strongest sensitivity (.83) and specificity (.80). The static measures and the dichotomized final examiner judgement had excellent reliability; yet the individual modifiability measures (with the exception of disruption and frustration) had poor reliability. Conclusion: In concordance with a previous study, results indicate that a dynamic assessment of inferential word learning may be an efficacious method of identifying language disorders in school-age populations.

Purpose: This study examines the classification accuracy and interrater reliability of a dynamic assessment (DA) of inferential word learning designed to accurately identify kindergarten through sixth-grade students with and without language disorder. Method: The participants included 127 school-age children from a mountain west school district who were administered a DA of inferential word learning that entailed a pretest, a teaching phase, an examiner rating of the child's ability to infer word meaning (modifiability), and posttests. Results: Hierarchical logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed that combining all posttests, the modifiability total, and the final examiner judgement scores from this DA yielded the strongest sensitivity (.83) and specificity (.80). The static measures and the dichotomized final examiner judgement had excellent reliability; yet the individual modifiability measures (with the exception of disruption and frustration) had poor reliability. Conclusion: In concordance with a previous study, results indicate that a dynamic assessment of inferential word learning may be an efficacious method of identifying language disorders in school-age populations.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of explicitly teaching students how to recognize and use context clues in content-area texts through a six-week instructional program. Quantitative analyses were performed to reveal any difference between a control and treatment group. Results indicated that students in the treatment group abilities to determine the meaning of unknown vocabulary words were increased significantly more than students in the control group. Students who received the six weeks of instruction more effectively used context clues to determine the meaning of unknown words than students who did not receive the instruction. Recommendations for further research are discussed.

No description available.