Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a divergência genética entre árvores matrizes de Tabebuia caraiba (Mart.) Bur. no município de Macapá, no Estado do Amapá, por meio de caracteres biométricos de flores, frutos, sementes e processo germinativo. A divergência genética foi avaliada pela análise de agrupamento, através do método de Ward, K-means e pelo algoritmo de Tocher, obtidos a partir da matriz de dissimilaridade pela Distância Euclidiana. Para verificação da importância relativa de cada variável para a divergência genética utilizou-se a análise de Componentes Principais. As 119 árvores matrizes foram distribuídas em 21 grupos no método de Ward e 23 grupos para o algoritmo de Tocher. O método K-means auxiliou na exclusão de 11 caracteres pouco discriminatórios. Dos caracteres mais importantes para a divergência genética, destacam-se o comprimento do fruto, largura do fruto, comprimento da ala maior da semente, massa de matéria seca da semente, largura do cotilédone, largura da folha e massa de matéria seca da plântula. Há variabilidade entre as árvores matrizes de T. caraiba quanto aos caracteres avaliados e o estudo da divergência possibilita a identificação de árvores matrizes para a colheita de sementes, que subsidiem programas de conservação genética / Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the genetic diversity among trees of Tabebuia caraiba (Mart.) Bur. at city of Macapá, Amapá State, by means of biometric characters of flowers, fruits, seeds and germination process. Genetic divergence was assessed by cluster analysis by Ward method, K-means algorithm and the Tocher, obtained from the matrix of the Euclidean Distance. To verify the relative importance of each variable to the genetic divergence we used the Principal Component analysis. The 119 selected trees were divided into 21 groups in the method of Ward and 23 groups for the algorithm Tocher. The K-means method aided in the exclusion of 11 characters less discriminatory. Among the most important traits for genetic divergence, we highlight the fruit length, fruit width, length of greater wing of the seed dry weight of seed, cotyledon width, leaf width and dry weight of seedlings. There is variability among the trees of T. caraiba about the traits and the study of divergence allows the identification of mother trees for seed collection, programs that support conservation genetics / Orientadora: Fabíola Vitti Môro / Coorientador: Rinaldo César de Paula / Banca: Dilermando Perecin / Banca: Fabiano Cesarino / Mestre

Uma análise espaço-temporal da leishmaniose visceral americana (LVA) humana no município de Bauru foi conduzida baseada em 239 casos diagnosticados entre junho de 2003 a outubro de 2008. O georreferenciamento, tomando como unidade os setores censitários, foi realizado a partir de informações cedidas pela Secretaria de Saúde de Bauru a respeito do endereço residencial dos pacientes acometidos pela enfermidade. A análise da distribuição espacial da doença demonstrou que os casos ocorreram especialmente na área urbana do município. As incidências cumulativas anuais de LVA, considerando os casos adotados por ano e as respectivas projeções populacionais, foram calculadas, evidenciando que a taxa mais elevada foi observada em 2006. Tal fato foi confirmado pelo delineamento da série histórica, que também derivou o cálculo da tendência, demonstrando que esta foi positiva durante o período analisado. O índice sazonal obtido foi confrontado com dados referentes às médias mensais de precipitação pluviométrica e temperatura do município, o que nos permitiu inferir que meses que obtiveram índices com valores superiores a um, eram, de maneira geral, precedidos por períodos chuvosos. A variável temperatura, por sua vez, apesar de provavelmente estar relacionada à ocorrência da enfermidade na região, aparentemente não exerceu influência na sazonalidade da doença por se apresentar sem oscilações importantes no período. A análise de clusters, utilizando o método estatístico espaço-temporal scan, detectou um provável aglomerado localizado nas regiões sudoeste e central do município no ano de 2006. Uma análise descritiva univariada, comparando setores censitários que apresentaram LVA com relação aos que não relataram casos da doença, foi conduzida. Apesar da diferença significativa observada entre os dois grupos, novos estudos são necessários para se confirmar a hipótese de que variáveis socioeconômicas são prováveis fatores de risco para a infecção na região. / A space-time analysis of human American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) was carried out based on 239 cases diagnosed from June 2003 through October 2008. The georeferencing, taking the census tracts as units, was performed according to information supplied by the Bauru Health Department about AVL patient addresses. The disease spatial analysis showed that cases occurred specially at the urban area of the city. AVL annual incidence rates, considering adopted cases per year and the respective projected population, were calculated, demonstrating that the highest rate was observed in 2006. It was confirmed by the time series analysis, which also resulted the tendency calculation, showing that it was positive during the analyzed moment. The obtained seasonal indices were confronted with data about the citys average rainfall and temperature, which allowed us to infer that months with indices higher than one, were, generally, preceded by rainy periods. The temperature, on the other hand, although is probably related to the infection occurrence at the region, seemingly did not exert influence on the disease seasonality because it was presented without important fluctuations in the period. The cluster analysis, using scan space-time statistics, detected a most likely cluster located in the Southwest and Central city side in 2006. A univariate descriptive analysis, comparing census tracts that presented AVL with those that did not report case disease, was carried out. Although the significant difference observed between both groups, new researchers are needed to confirm the hypothesis that socioeconomic variables were likely infection risk factors in the region.

<div>This dissertation investigates three utterance fluency features and two vocabulary features of 409 speech samples from advanced intermediate and advanced L2 English speakers, who participated in the Oral English Proficiency Test (OEPT) between the year of 2009 and 2015. Among the 409 L2 English speakers, there are 80 L1 Hindi speakers rated as advanced intermediate, 32 L1 Hindi speakers rated as advanced, 286 L1 Mandarin speakers rated as advanced intermediate, and 11 L1 Mandarin speakers rated as advanced.</div><div><br></div><div>Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was conducted and presented four different clusters among all the L2 English speakers. The four different clusters are: (1) Low Mean Syllables per Run (MSR), low Speech Rate (SR), very high Pause Rate (PR), medium Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD), and medium percentage of words on the Academic Word List (AWL); (2) Medium Mean Syllables per Run (MSR), medium Speech Rate (SR), high Pause Rate (PR), low Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD), and low percentage of words on the Academic Word List (AWL); (3) High Mean Syllables per Run (MSR), high Speech Rate (SR), low Pause Rate (PR), medium Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD), and medium percentage of words on the Academic Word List (AWL); (4) Medium Mean Syllables per Run (MSR), medium Speech Rate (SR), low Pause Rate (PR), very high Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity, and very high percentage level of words on the Academic Word List (AWL).</div><div>Chi-square results show that L2 English speakers’ cluster membership is strongly associated with both their L1 background and level of L2 oral English proficiency. While most of the advanced intermediate L1 Mandarin speakers are in Cluster 1 and Cluster 2, the majority of the advanced intermediate L1 Hindi speakers concentrate in Cluster 3. A large number of advanced L1 Mandarin speakers and L1 Hindi speakers are also located in Cluster 3.</div><div><br></div><div>Twelve raters were invited to evaluate speech samples representative of the four clusters in terms of accent difference and listener effort. Twelve speakers were selected from the four clusters, whose speech samples have values of the five linguistic features closest to the cluster mean.</div><div><br></div><div>Multi-facet Rasch Measurement (MFRM) results show that L1 Mandarin speakers generally received lower ratings in accent difference and listener effort. The connection among fluency, vocabulary, and accentedness/listener effort, however, functions differently for L1 Mandarin speakers and L1 Hindi speakers. For advanced intermediate L1 Mandarin speakers, those who speak slower and use more diverse vocabulary and more academic words were evaluated to be less accented, meanwhile costing less listener effort. However, advanced intermediate L1 Hindi speakers were rated as less accented and cost less listener effort when they demonstrate higher fluency measures and lower vocabulary measures.</div><div><br></div><div>Advanced L2 English speakers, in contrary, received reverse rating results. The advanced L1 Mandarin speaker, who speaks faster and uses less diverse vocabulary and fewer academic words, was evaluated to be less accented and cost less listener effort. However, the advanced L1 Hindi speaker, who speaks slower and uses more diverse vocabulary and more academic words, was rated as less accented and cost less listener effort.</div><div><br></div><div>This dissertation reemphasizes that holistic rating rubric does not deny the existence of multiple linguistic profiles. Raters are sensitive to different combinations of fluency and vocabulary features even if they have been asked to use a holistic scale. In addition, L2 English speakers may adopt individual strategies to accommodate while delivering, which calls for further pedagogical attention.<br></div><div><br></div>

Tato práce se zabývá technologiemi velkých dat v kontextu měření parametrů sítě. Popisuje téma velkých dat a jejich využití, představuje základní parametry sítě, jejich měření a metody zhodnocení. Vyhodnocuje RTR NetTest aplikaci, testovací proceduru a měřené parametry. Byla vytvořena skupina nástrojů pro posouzení základních kvantitativních parametrů mobilní sítě na základě dat z databáze RTR. Rozbor denního efektu shrnuje časovou proměnlivost sítě. Chování v prostoru je posouzeno binováním a shlukovou analýzou, současně se srovnáním řízeného testování a crowdsourcingu.

The aim of this study is evaluation of using multi-dimensional statistical analyses methods as a tool for simulations of reliability of distribution network. Prefered methods are a cluster analysis (CLU) and a principal component analysis (PCA). CLU is used for a division of objects on the basis of their signs and a calculation of the distance between objects into groups whose characteristics should be similar. The readout can reveal a secret structure in data. PCA is used for a location of a structure in signs of multi-dimensional matrix data. Signs present separate quantities describing the given object. PCA uses a dissolution of a primary matrix data to structural and noise matrix data. It concerns the transformation of primary matrix data into new grid system of principal components. New conversion data are called a score. Principal components generating orthogonal system of new position. Distribution network from the aspect of reliability can be characterized by a number of new statistical quantities. Reliability indicators might be: interruption numbers, interruption time. Integral reliability indicators might be: system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI) and system average interruption duration index (SAIDI). In conclusion, there is a comparison of performed SAIFI simulation according to negatively binomial division and provided values from a distribution company. It is performed a test at description of sign dependences and outlet divisions.

This work deals with the classification of cardiac cycles, which uses a method of dynamic time warping and cluster analysis. Method of dynamic time warping is among the elderly, but for its simplicity compared to others is still very much used, and also achieved good results in practice. Cluster analysis is used in many fields such as marketing or just for biological signals. The aim of this work is a general introduction to the ECG signal and the method and implementation of dynamic time warping algorithm. Subsequently, cluster analysis and finally the creation of the user interface for the algorithms.

The thesis deals with selected classification methods. The thesis describes the basis of cluster analysis, discriminant analysis and theory of classification trees. The usage is demonstrated by classification of simulated data, the calculation is made in the program STATISTICA. In practical part of the thesis there is the comparison of the methods for classification of real data files of various extent. Classification methods are used for solving of the real task – prediction of air pollution based of the weather forecast.

As organisations and managers start to realise the strategic value of knowledge within their organisation, several attempts have been made to implement Knowledge Management (KM) within these organisations. The standard approach, which leads to the failure of KM initiatives, is to view KM as a type of technological implementation while failing to realise that the organisation needs to facilitate a KM-friendly environment. Organisations that have successfully implemented KM within their boundaries, structure and scope have developed unique and organisation-specific KM implementations, making it difficult for the success factors associated with these implementations to be transferred to other organisations. As a result, researchers and authors have attempted to develop an ontological or taxonomical mechanism that would assist in the sharing of knowledge within and across organisational boundaries. Due to the organisational specialisation of these mechanisms, these attempts have for the most part been unsuccessful. This study presents foundational work that can be used within an organisation to develop KM initiatives. By focusing on the language used by KM researchers and KM practitioners working with and practising KM within organisations, the author identified multiple terms and concepts that represent the fundamental building blocks of KM. If these building blocks are applied appropriately between different organisations, they can assist in the development of a KM initiative. The identified fundamental building blocks offer a starting point for the development of a KM initiative. As the study focuses on organisational KM needs, these building blocks may be used to implement a KM initiative that would satisfy an organisation‘s KM needs. The goal of this study is therefore to identify the fundamental building blocks of KM that, when applied constructively, would assist the KM practitioner in satisfying an organisation‘s KM needs. In order to achieve this goal, the research focused on the following objectives (as reflected in the research question, subquestions and chapter division):  To identify why there is a need for KM within organisations, and how it has been addressed in research, KM initiatives and organisations.  To clearly delineate the concepts of Knowledge, Management and KM that can be applied in relationship with the process of organisational management.  To identify organisational KM needs as linked to a generic organisation that is associated with a system interacting with its environment (gaining or losing knowledge due to the system‘s nature).  To identify KM‘s fundamental building blocks associated with the language used by KM researchers and practitioners.  To represent the identified fundamental KM building blocks that can be applied to a generic organisation to satisfy organisational KM needs. As a result of the discussion, review and study conducted for this thesis, the author found specific dimensions pertaining to the fundamental building blocks of KM that satisfy organisational needs.  It was established that there is a clear need for organisational KM in an effort to retain and manage knowledge resources to the benefit of the organisation. This highlighted the need for organisational KM, outlining possible solutions plus concerns found in previous research. It was found that although there is a need for organisational KM, this need has been poorly addressed thus far. Based on the discussion and findings in this thesis, it was found that there is a clear distinction between the concepts of Knowledge, Management and KM and it was found that KM provides support for the day-to-day management processes to which it is aligned. This highlighted the nature of Knowledge, Management and KM by redefining the construct of KM based on core considerations related to the concepts of Knowledge and Management and the critical interaction between the two.  It was found that due to the systemic nature of an organisation, knowledge dissipates into the organisational environment. KM is essential to minimise this effect. Furthermore, organisational KM needs can be satisfied by applying the fundamental building blocks of KM during the implementation of an organisational KM initiative.  After analysing the lexicon used by KM practitioners, the building blocks of KM were clearly highlighted by comparing patterns presented within the results analysed for this study.  The final objective highlights and represents the fundamental building blocks of KM that satisfy organisational KM needs as clearly identified from the language used by KM practitioners. By extending this study to the language used by KM practitioners as formulated within communities of practice in describing KM, the results of this study link directly to not only what KM theoretically appears to be, but also to how KM is viewed by people who work within the KM and knowledge environment on a day-to-day basis. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Informatics / unrestricted

That companies need to respond to the issue of climate change is no longer in question and with multiple carbon management activity options to choose from, companies need to select the most appropriate carbon management strategy to meet the challenges of a carbon constrained future. Because of South Africa’s vulnerability to the impacts of climate change as a developing country and because of business’ pivotal role in addressing this urgent issue, it is important to characterise the corporate responses to climate change. The contextual factors that influence carbon management strategy decisions need to be understood so that appropriate policy decisions are taken to encourage innovation related to climate change opportunities.To this end, secondary data in the form of qualitative responses from 70 large South African listed companies to the Carbon Disclosure Project 2011 questionnaire were analysed for this study during September and October 2012. The detailed responses were first mined using a text-mining statistical program to identify the five carbon management activities currently practised by the companies. A cluster analysis of these activities revealed four general response strategies to climate change and carbon emission reduction pressures.The companies were found to have a strong focus on saving energy with less focus on higher-order sustainability activities. While market capitalisation, turnover, sector and carbon commitment were shown to correlate and indeed predict the carbon management strategy chosen by companies, no significant link was found between carbon management strategy and corporate financial performance. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Determinants of Regional Differentiation of Mortality in the Czech Republic Abstract There are considerable differences in socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors influencing mortality on the individual and also on the aggregate levels. These differences were observed and explained in many countries of the world. The objective of this thesis is to find and evaluate the most significant external factors which influence actual regional differentiation of mortality in districts of the Czech Republic. The objective was achieved by means of the demographic and statistical analysis methods. First, there was a comparison of mortality rates calculated for each of the socioeconomic clusters. It was found out that higher mortality rates appeared among men and women living in the districts with unfavourable external conditions. Using the Poisson log-linear model, the most important factors influencing differences in mortality rates in districts of the Czech Republic were identified. These factors are: share of the unemployed, share of the divorced, share of university-educated people and the number of physicans in hospitals per 1000 inhabitants. Share of the unemployed seems to be the most significant factor. There is a correlation between this factor and the total mortality rate as well as the leading causes of...