Diese Arbeit soll im Wesentlichen dazu beitragen, die Frage der Abhängigkeit von Unfallursachen bzw. beschreibenden Eigenschaften eines Verkehrsunfalls zum Alter des Hauptverursachers im motorisierten Straßenverkehr zu beantworten. Anhand der Darstellung des Unfallgeschehens in der BRD kann abgeleitet werden, dass die Anzahl der Unfälle im Straßenverkehr seit einigen Jahren langsam aber stetig steigt. Im Gegenzug sinkt jedoch die Schwere der Unfälle. Anhand der Definition verschiedener verkehrsunfallbezogener Risikofaktoren können die Unfallrisikogruppen in Form der Fahranfänger und Senioren identifiziert werden. Das Risiko zu verunfallen ist für einen 17-Jährigen Fahranfänger mehr als sechsmal höher als das Risiko der Referenzkategorie der erfahrenen Fahrer. Die Gründe dafür werden durch eine altersbezogene Unfallursachenanalyse offengelegt. Um einen Überblick über verschiedene Ansätze zur Bestimmung der Unfallursachen zu bekommen, wird neben den durch die Polizei kategorisierten amtlichen Unfallursachen und der merkmalsorientierten Dokumentation das Konzept eines verhaltenspsychologischen Ansatzes diskutiert. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die Gründe für einen Unfall facettenreicher sind als es die Kategorien der amtlichen Statistik abbilden können. Primär wird davon ausgegangen, dass verschiedene Metaereignisse, wie zum Beispiel Ablenkung in Kombination mit einer amtlich dokumentierten Unfallursache, in einer Wirkungskette als Bedingung für ein Unfallereignis auftreten. Mit Unfällen gehen auch immer Strategien zur Unfallvermeidung einher. Präventionsmaßnahmen werden in umfänglicher Form von verschiedenen Interessengruppen formuliert und praktiziert. Wesentliche Ansätze werden zur Bewertung des Zusammenhangs zwischen personenbezogenen Merkmalen, wie dem Alter, diskutiert. Eine Clusteranalyse, als strukturentdeckendes Verfahren, von sächsischen Unfalldaten klärt, ob das Alter einer Person im Zusammenhang mit einer dokumentierten Konfiguration von Unfalleigenschaften steht und schafft dabei eine Grundlage zur Ausrichtung geeigneter Präventionsmaßnahmen in Abhängigkeit zum Alter des Hauptverursachers. Die wesentlichen in der Literaturrecherche formulierten Zusammenhänge zwischen den Unfalleigenschaften und dem Alter einer Person gelten auch für den räumlich begrenzten Unfalldatensatz. Zusätzlich konnten eine Reihe weiterer Eigenschaften als bedeutsam klassifiziert werden. Zudem ergeben sich auch für Unfallverursacher, die keiner Risikogruppe zugeordnet wurden, bedeutsame Eigenschaften eines Unfalls mit Getöteten.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability among children and adolescents in the US. Children and adolescents who sustain moderate and severe head injuries are much more likely to evidence significant deficits in neuropsychological functioning when compared with children with mild head injuries. Information about the recovery process and functional sequelae associated with moderate and severe head injuries remains limited, despite clear indications that children who experience such injuries typically exhibit notable deficits in intellectual functioning, particularly during the acute phase of recovery. Thus, the present study was conducted to augment research on intellectual functioning in children with moderate or severe head injuries. To accomplish this, the study first examined the proposed factor model of the WISC-III in children with moderate and severe TBI. Given high prevalence rates and similar trends in cognitive impairment, particularly within the frontal lobe structures (e.g., disrupted cognitive flexibility and divided attention), the study also examined this same factor model for a group of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and compared it with the model fit from the TBI group. In the second phase of the study, both the TBI and AHDH groups were evaluated to determine if distinct WISC-III index score cluster profiles could be identified. Lastly, the cluster groups for both the TBI and ADHD samples were validated using important demographic and clinical variables, as well as scores from independent neuropsychological measures of attention, executive functioning, and working memory. Parent reports of psychological and behavioral functioning were also used in an attempt to further distinguish the cluster groups. Study limitations and future research implications were also discussed.

Orientador: Fernando José Von Zuben / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T03:28:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_SaulloHaniellGalvaode_M.pdf: 1171322 bytes, checksum: 5488cfc9b843dbab6d7a5745af1e3d4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Biclusterização envolve a clusterização simultânea de objetos e seus atributos, definindo mo- delos locais de relacionamento entre os objetos e seus atributos. Assim como a clusterização, a biclusterização tem uma vasta gama de aplicações, desde suporte a sistemas de recomendação, até análise de dados de expressão gênica. Inicialmente, diversas heurísticas foram propostas para encontrar biclusters numa base de dados numérica. No entanto, tais heurísticas apresen- tam alguns inconvenientes, como não encontrar biclusters relevantes na base de dados e não maximizar o volume dos biclusters encontrados. Algoritmos enumerativos são uma proposta recente, especialmente no caso de bases numéricas, cuja solução é um conjunto de biclusters maximais e não redundantes. Contudo, a habilidade de enumerar biclusters trouxe mais um cenário desafiador: em bases de dados ruidosas, cada bicluster original se fragmenta em vá- rios outros biclusters com alto nível de sobreposição, o que impede uma análise direta dos resultados obtidos. Essa fragmentação irá ocorrer independente da definição escolhida de co- erência interna no bicluster, sendo mais relacionada com o próprio nível de ruído. Buscando reverter essa fragmentação, nesse trabalho propomos duas formas de agregação de biclusters a partir de resultados que apresentem alto grau de sobreposição: uma baseada na clusteriza- ção hierárquica com single linkage, e outra explorando diretamente a taxa de sobreposição dos biclusters. Em seguida, um passo de poda é executado para remover objetos ou atributos indesejados que podem ter sido incluídos como resultado da agregação. As duas propostas foram comparadas entre si e com o estado da arte, em diversos experimentos, incluindo bases de dados artificiais e reais. Essas duas novas formas de agregação não só reduziram significa- tivamente a quantidade de biclusters, essencialmente defragmentando os biclusters originais, mas também aumentaram consistentemente a qualidade da solução, medida em termos de precisão e recuperação, quando os biclusters são conhecidos previamente / Abstract: Biclustering involves the simultaneous clustering of objects and their attributes, thus defin- ing local models for the two-way relationship of objects and attributes. Just like clustering, biclustering has a broad set of applications, ranging from an advanced support for recom- mender systems of practical relevance to a decisive role in data mining techniques devoted to gene expression data analysis. Initially, heuristics have been proposed to find biclusters, and their main drawbacks are the possibility of losing some existing biclusters and the inca- pability of maximizing the volume of the obtained biclusters. Recently efficient algorithms were conceived to enumerate all the biclusters, particularly in numerical datasets, so that they compose a complete set of maximal and non-redundant biclusters. However, the ability to enumerate biclusters revealed a challenging scenario: in noisy datasets, each true bicluster becomes highly fragmented and with a high degree of overlapping, thus preventing a direct analysis of the obtained results. Fragmentation will happen no matter the boundary condi- tion adopted to specify the internal coherence of the valid biclusters, though the degree of fragmentation will be associated with the noise level. Aiming at reverting the fragmentation, we propose here two approaches for properly aggregating a set of biclusters exhibiting a high degree of overlapping: one based on single linkage and the other directly exploring the rate of overlapping. A pruning step is then employed to filter intruder objects and/or attributes that were added as a side effect of aggregation. Both proposals were compared with each other and also with the actual state-of-the-art in several experiments, including real and artificial datasets. The two newly-conceived aggregation mechanisms not only significantly reduced the number of biclusters, essentially defragmenting true biclusters, but also consistently in- creased the quality of the whole solution, measured in terms of Precision and Recall when the composition of the dataset is known a priori / Mestrado / Engenharia de Computação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

A presente tese teve como objetivo realizar a descrição dos microrganismos que já foram isolados ou detectados em infecções endodônticas de dentes decíduos em pacientes infantis por meio de uma revisão sistemática, além de avaliar a composição bacteriana e a presença de genes de resistência a antibióticos em amostras de saliva (S), biofilme supragengival (SB), dentina (D) e câmara pulpar (RC) de dentes decíduos com infecções endodônticas. No Capítulo 1, realizou-se revisão sistemática em bancos de dados eletrônicos, tendo sido incluídos estudos clínicos que avaliaram presença de microrganismos em dentes decíduos com infecções endodônticas, por meio de análise microbiológica com cultivo ou de métodos moleculares. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados. A análise identificou 44 títulos, sendo revisados, na íntegra, 17 artigos. Foram selecionados 8 estudos clínicos, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão determinados. Por meio de busca manual, foram selecionados 2 artigos adicionais, totalizando 11 artigos excluídos desta revisão. Nos oito estudos clínicos incluídos na revisão sistemática, a identificação dos microrganismos envolvidos nas infecções endodônticas foi realizada por meio de várias técnicas como: cultura microbiológica, hibridização DNA-DNA, PCR e suas variações, clonagem, sequenciamento e pirossequenciamento, confirmando a diversidade de microrganismos envolvidos nas infecções endodônticas de dentes decíduos. A análise dos dados sugere que as infecções endodônticas em dentes decíduos são causadas por múltiplas combinações de espécies de micro-organismos, confirmando a sua natureza polibacteriana. No Capítulo 2, amostras de S, SB, D e RC foram coletadas de pacientes infantis com infecções endodônticas. O perfil das comunidades microbianas foram obtidos por meio da análise da região espaçadora intergênica relacionada aos genes 16S e 23S rRNA (PCR-RISA). Determinaram-se e índices de riqueza, dominância, índice de Shannon, índice de Chao-1 (alfa-diversidade) e análise multivariada de conglomerados (método UPGMA e índice de Similaridade de Bray-Curtis) e análise de coordenadas principais (PCoA) (beta-diversidade). Há um baixo grau de agrupamento entre as amostras de S, BS, D e RC, obtidas de um mesmo participante. Se presentes, os agrupamentos acontecem para sítios contíguos, mas com baixo percentual de similaridade. Amostras de um mesmo ecossistema obtidas de diferentes participantes abrigam comunidades bacterianas distintas, com baixa similaridade. Não parece haver uma relação entre a presença de um sinal/sintoma clínico e acréscimo no perfil de similaridade das comunidades bacterianas em RC. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os índices de alfa-diversidade (riqueza, dominância, Shannon e Chao-1) entre S, SB, D e RC. O uso prévio de antibióticos não modificou os resultados de alfa diversidade ou de beta diversidade obtidos. No Capítulo 3, verificou-se a distribuição dos genes de resistência bacteriana aos principais grupos de antibióticos em S, SB, D, e RC dentes decíduos em pacientes infantis com infecções endodônticas e também de amostras de saliva dos responsáveis (R) por meio de PCR para os genes cfxA/cfxA2, blaTEM, blaZ, ampC, mecA, mefA, ermB, ermC, tetQ, tetM, tetW, linB, lsaB. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e análise multivariada de conglomerados (método UPGMA e índice de Similaridade de Bray-Curtis). Dos pacientes selecionados, 3/8 utilizaram antibiótico previamente à coleta. Nenhum gene de resistência foi observado em todos os ecossistemas de um mesmo participante. Os genes mais frequentemente detectados foram os genes de resistência à tetraciclina tetQ e tetW. Não foram detectados nas amostras os genes ampC, mecA, lnuB e lsaB. A presença simultânea de um gene em dois nichos ocorre em ecossistemas contíguos. Não se observa um comportamento uniforme quanto ao perfil de agrupamento de diferentes amostras de um mesmo participante, e nem entre as amostras de saliva do participante infantil (S) e seu responsável (R). Há múltiplos perfis de distribuição de genes de resistência a agentes antimicrobianos em amostras de ecossistemas bucais contíguos em um mesmo paciente portador de infecção endodôntica. A análise conjunta dos dados permite concluir que cada um dos ecossistemas da cavidade bucal de crianças portadoras de infecções endodônticas avaliado apresenta espécies bacterianas e fatores de virulência distribuídos de forma única e distintas, a partir de uma perspectiva de análise de diversidade. / This thesis aimed assessing information on the bacteria that were isolated/detected in teeth with endodontic infections from infant patients through a sistematic review of the literature. Furthermore, the bacterial composition and the presence of resistance genes to antimicrobial agents was determined in saliva (S), in supragengival biofilm (SB), in dentine (D) and in pulp cavity (RC) samples. In the Chapter 1, a sistematic review was conducted in electronic databasis. Clinical studies that evaluated the presence of microorganims in primary teeth with endodontic infections through culture and molecular methods were included. Fourty-four titles were selected and 17 articles were fully revised. Eight clinical studies were selected for data extraction. Two articles were included following the hand search. According to the data analysis, microbial identification was performed by culture, DNA-DNA hybridization, PCR, cloning and sequencing and next-generation sequencing methods. A high diversity in the microbial components identificated/detected was reported. Endodontic infections in primary teeth are polymicrobial, with a multi-species consortia. In the Chapter 2, the S, SB, D and RC samples were collected from infanti patients with endodontic infections. The ribossomal intergenic spacer analysis (PCR-RISA) for the 16S-23S rRNA genes interspacer region was employed to determine the bacterial fingerprint for each sample. Metrics for alfa and beta diversity were employed, such as richness, dominance, Shannon Index, Chao-1 Index, cluster analysis (UPGMA, Bray-Curtis Index) and principal coordenate analysis (PCoA). There was a low grouping profile for shared samples of S, BS, D and RC from the same participant. When detected, clustering behavior was observed for contiguous sites, with low percentual of similarity between them. Samples from the same site but from different subjects harboured distinct bacterial communities, with low similarity. No clinical sign/symptom was detected as a grouping factor for RC sample from different subjects. No statistical difference was detected for the alfa-diversity indexes among S, SB, D and RC. The previous exposition to antimicrobial agentes has no effect over the alfa- and beta-diversity indexes. In the Chapter 3, the distribution of bacterial genes for antimicrobial resistance in S, SB, D and RC was determined in samples from children with endodontic infections and their relatives (R) by PCR. The presence of the genes cfxA/cfxA2, blaTEM, blaZ, ampC, mecA, mefA, ermB, ermC, tetQ, tetM, tetW, linB, and lsaB was detecte in the samples. Descriptive statistical analysis and multivariate anlysis (cluster analyisis, UPGMA and Bray-Curtis similarity index) were carried out. Three out of 8 patients had antimicrobial agents previously to the apointment. No resistance gene was shared by all envirnments in the same participant. The most frequently detected genes were tetQ and tetW. The genes ampC, mecA, lnuB, and lsaB were not detected in any the samples. The same gene was detected only in two contiguous niches. Clustering analysis revealed no grouping pattern among the samples, despite they were or not from the same participant or his/her relative. Multiple profiles of resistance genes distribution were detected in the oral cavity samples from infant participants. The oral cavity in children with endodontic infection is a complex environment that harbours unique bacterial communities profiles and a distinct distribution of resitance genes to antimicrobial agents, considering an ecological perspective.

No description available.

Diploma thesis "Decision-making process in the Council of the European Union after the enlargement 2004 - common commercial policy" deals with decision- making in the Council of the European Union and focuses in particular on the negotiations at a lower level. The common commercial policy is the target area mainly because of exclusive competences of the European Community. The aim of this thesis is the view of negotiations on the commercial agenda in the Council of the European Union and the coalition groups among Member States. A prerequisite for the analysis is the hypothesis, whether it is possible to derive from coalition groups at a lower level of decision-making the later coalitions in the Council of the European union. The analysis is based on reports of the Committee 133, the key body for the Council of the European Union in the common commercial policy in the period from January 2005 to December 2006. The data set was examined by the cluster analysis method.

The diploma thesis called Cluster Analysis Czech 100 Companies on the Basis of Financial Statements deals with the testing of two hypotheses using a multidimensional statistical method - cluster analysis. The input data for the application of statistical methods are financial statements of selected companies for the years 2014 and 2015 which are publicly available. These data are digitized and subjected to methods of financial analysis.

This master's thesis deals with customer satisfaction issues of selected Thai restaurant in Brno. Using relevant methods are proposed appropriate measures to increase the current level of customers' satisfaction. Marketing research is used to do this, and it is conducted using a questionnaire survey. Based on the data capture, the data are being analysed and they provide input for evaluating and setting up suggestions to increase total customer satisfaction level.

This thesis is focused on cluster analysis in the field of text mining and its application to real data. The aim of the thesis is to find suitable categories (clusters) in the transcribed calls recorded in the contact center of Česká pojišťovna a.s. by transferring these textual documents into the vector space using basic text mining methods and the implemented clustering algorithms. From the formal point of view, the thesis contains a description of preprocessing and representation of textual data, a description of several common clustering methods, cluster validation, and the application itself.

This master thesis deals with cluster analysis, more specifically with clustering methods that use fuzzy sets. Basic clustering algorithms and necessary multivariate transformations are described in the first chapter. In the practical part, which is in the third chapter we apply fuzzy c-means clustering and k-means clustering on real data. Data used for clustering are the inputs of chemical transport model CMAQ. Model CMAQ is used to approximate concentration of air pollutants in the atmosphere. To the data we will apply two different clustering methods. We have used two different methods to select optimal weighting exponent to find data structure in our data. We have compared all 3 created data structures. The structures resembled each other but with fuzzy c-means clustering, one of the clusters did not resemble any of the clustering inputs. The end of the third chapter is dedicated to an attempt to find a regression model that finds the relationship between inputs and outputs of model CMAQ.