No description available.

Carcinoma growth requires a supportive tumor stroma. The concept of reciprocal interactions between tumor and stromal cells has become widely acknowledged and the connective tissue activation seen in the malignant process has been likened to that of a healing wound. Little is, however, known about the specific characteristics of these interactions, distinguishing them from the interplay occurring between epithelial and stromal cells in wound healing. In order to study differences in the humoral effects of malignant and benign epithelial cells on fibroblasts, we used an in vitro coculture model with human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC) or normal oral keratinocytes (NOK) on one side of a semi-permeable membrane and fibroblasts seeded in gels on the other. Pro-collagens α1(I) and α1(III) were more downregulated in NOK cocultures compared to SCC cocultures. IL-1α was identified as a major keratinocyte-derived soluble factor behind the effects observed. We concluded that SCC are less antifibrotic compared to NOK. There was also a differential expression among enzymes involved in ECM turnover. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were both upregulated by NOK, but not by SCC. Here, rIL-1ra caused further upregulation of PAI-1. Global gene expression in fibroblasts was assessed using Affymetrix™ arrays. In total, 82 transcripts were considered differentially expressed; 52 were up- and 30 were downregulated in SCC compared to NOK cocultures. Among the differentially expressed genes there was an enrichment of genes related to collagens and to a nonspecific, innate-type response. The innate response marker pentraxin (PTX3) was upregulated by keratinocyte-derrived IL-1α in both NOK and SCC cocultures. We observed a considerably higher IL-1α / IL-1ra quotient in SCC cocultures, however, while PTX3 mRNA upregulation was higher in SCC cocultures, there was no difference in the level of PTX3 secreted protein. Taken together, we concluded that NOK and SCC regulate genes important for ECM composition and for the innate immune-response differentially. IL-1α was identified as one important mediator of the observed effects. In general, SCC appeared to be more profibrotic in their effects on fibroblasts.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

abstract: Microbial electrochemical cells (MXCs) are promising platforms for bioenergy production from renewable resources. In these systems, specialized anode-respiring bacteria (ARB) deliver electrons from oxidation of organic substrates to the anode of an MXC. While much progress has been made in understanding the microbiology, physiology, and electrochemistry of well-studied model ARB such as Geobacter and Shewanella, tremendous potential exists for MXCs as microbiological platforms for exploring novel ARB. This dissertation introduces approaches for selective enrichment and characterization of phototrophic, halophilic, and alkaliphilic ARB. An enrichment scheme based on manipulation of poised anode potential, light, and nutrient availability led to current generation that responded negatively to light. Analysis of phototrophically enriched communities suggested essential roles for green sulfur bacteria and halophilic ARB in electricity generation. Reconstruction of light-responsive current generation could be successfully achieved using cocultures of anode-respiring Geobacter and phototrophic Chlorobium isolated from the MXC enrichments. Experiments lacking exogenously supplied organic electron donors indicated that Geobacter could produce a measurable current from stored photosynthate in the dark. Community analysis of phototrophic enrichments also identified members of the novel genus Geoalkalibacter as potential ARB. Electrochemical characterization of two haloalkaliphilic, non-phototrophic Geoalkalibacter spp. showed that these bacteria were in fact capable of producing high current densities (4-8 A/m2) and using higher organic substrates under saline or alkaline conditions. The success of these selective enrichment approaches and community analyses in identifying and understanding novel ARB capabilities invites further use of MXCs as robust platforms for fundamental microbiological investigations. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Microbiology 2013

Orientador: Pilar Rodriguez de Massaguer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T05:21:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alvarenga_VeronicaOrtiz_M.pdf: 2142918 bytes, checksum: 08f3a593a106f67edd1807d169d7e116 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: No Brasil e em outros países, a fermentação alcoólica é realizada sem esterilização do caldo de cana-de-açúcar que constitui um ótimo substrato para o crescimento microbiano tornando-se, assim, inevitável à presença de contaminantes. Estes apresentam-se como os principais responsáveis pela redução no rendimento e produtividade da fermentação. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo predizer os parâmetros de crescimento (taxa de crescimento (m), tempo de adaptação (l) e população máxima (Rg)) da Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Lactobacillus fermentum, quando cultivados individualmente ou em co-cultura através da aplicação dos modelos primários de crescimento de Baranyi & Roberts (1994) e Gompertz modificado (Zwietering et al, 1991). Em função de variações de temperatura (28 ¿ 32ºC) e concentração de inóculo de L. fermentum (101 ¿108 UFC/mL), mantendo-se fixo o nível de inóculo de S. cerevisiae em 106 UFC/mL. Para a modelagem primária foi ajustado, também, o modelo quase-químico. Para a construção deste modelo, foi utilizado o software Matlab versão 7.5. A inoculação das culturas foi realizada em mosto de cana-de-açúcar clarificado industrialmente, e ajustado a 21.5ºBrix. O material foi tratado termicamente a 121ºC por 40 minutos e mantido congelado a ¿20ºC até a realização dos ensaios. Foram adicionados 200 mL de mosto, em elernmeyeres de 500mL esterilizados. Para o ajuste do inóculo da levedura foi realizada a contagem da suspensão em Câmara de Neubauer e para o lactobacilo o ajuste foi realizado com o auxílio do Densimat¿ (BioMérieux, S.A., France). Os ensaios de fermentação foram conduzidos em incubadora com agitação contínua de 120 rpm (New Brunswick Scientific, Model G-27, U.S.A.) e temperatura controlada. Para cada ensaio realizado com a cultura mista, foram conduzidos outros dois ensaios da mesma forma e com o mesmo substrato para as culturas puras de S.cerevisiae e L. fermentum. Os dados obtidos foram ajustados com o software DmFit para os modelos de Baranyi e Roberts (1994) e Gompertz modificado (Zwietering et al 1991). Não houve diferença significativa (p<0,10) para l, m e Rg da levedura e para l e m. No entanto, para Rg do lactobacilo houve diferença significativa entre a cultura pura e mista. Quando a levedura atinge a fase estacionária o lactobacilo teve sua taxa de crescimento incrementada de sua população máxima aumentou relevantemente no final da fase estacionária da levedura. O modelo de Baranyi e Roberts descreveu melhor a fase de adaptação dos microrganismos. Já o modelo quase-químico apesar de descrever crescimento/declínio não modela adequadamente o plateau da fase estacionária, quando ele acontece. O modelo secundário da população máxima do lactobacilo em função da temperatura de fermentação e nível de inóculo demonstrou que o nível de inóculo e sua interação com a temperatura foram significativos ao nível de 10% de significância. O índice de viabilidade da levedura pura foi afetada por mudanças na temperatura. Porém, para a cultura mista, com o tempo de fermentação fixo (21 horas) o nível de contaminaçao pelo lactobacilo foi altamente significante. O melhor indice de viabilidade foi observado para L=103UFC/mL e temperatura de fermentação a 25oC. Nas condições estudadas foi observado um máximo na produção de etanol quando a temperatura de fermentação foi 28oC e o nível de inóculo de lactobacilo de 105UFC/mL. O efeito quadrático da temperatura de fermentação foi mais significativo (p<0,10) que o nível de contaminação do lactobacilo na produção máxima de etanol. Os modelos determinados neste estudo poderão servir para posterior otimização de processos fermentativos na indústria sucroalcooleira / Abstract: In Brazil and other countries around the World, the sugar cane must fermentation for alcohol production is carried out without sterilization of the sugar cane juice, being an excellent medium for the multiplication of undesirable contaminants. Among the contaminants of sugar cane must, Lactobacillus fermentum can be considered one of the most relevant being able to cause the flocculation of yeasts and to reduce ethanol yield and productivity of the fermentation. This research aimed to predict the growth parameters lag time (l), specific growth rate (m) and maximum population (Rg) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus fermentum in individual and cocultures. Predictive modeling of microorganisms growth in co-culture and pure culture was done through the application of primary growth models of Baranyi and modified Gompertz, varying temperature (24 ¿ 32ºC) and inoculum concentration of L. fermentum (101 ¿ 108 CFU/mL) with a fixed inoculums level of S. cerevisiae (106 CFU/mL). For the primary modeling it was also, adjusted the quase-chemical model for the construction of this model Matlab software version 7.5 was used. The inoculation of the cultures was carried out in sugar cane must industrially clarified and adjusted to 21.5ºBrix, heat treated must (121ºC per 40 minutes) were inoculated with the yeast and lactobacilli, the adjustment of the inoculum was done respectively by counting the suspension in Neubauer chamber and Densimat (BioMérieux, S.a., France). For each assay carried out with the mixed culture, two others tests with pure culture were done for comparison of growth parameters. The fermentation assays were conducted in an incubator with continuous agitation (120rpm) (New Brunswick Scientific, Model G 27, U.S.A.) and controlled temperature. From the data obtained, the growth parameters were determined through the adjustment of the data with DMFIT software for Baranyi and Roberts and Modified Gompertz. No siginificant diference (p<0.10) was found for l,m and Rg for the yeast in pure culture neither for l and m for Lactobacillus fermentum, but for lactobacilli Rg was significantly different for pure a coculture. When the yeast reached the stationary phase the lactobacilli growth rate was increased and its stationary phase it was observed after ward. Baranyi and Roberts¿s model best described lag phase was expected. The quasichemical model even though it describes growth/decline it does not model the stationary plateau. The secondary model for the maximum population of the lactobacilli as function of fermentation temperature and inocullum level showed that this last variable was significant and its interaction with temperature (p< 0.10). For the pure culture temperature was significant on the viability index. But for mixed culture for a fixed fermentation time (21h) the lactobacilli level of contamination was highly significant. Best IV was observed for L=103UFC/mL and T=25oC. When the maximum ethanol production was modeled for T, L independent variables. The temperature was significant a maximum was observed at T=28oC, L=105UFC/mL. These two models are practical application for the alcoholic fermentation industry / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

No / The aim of this study was to develop a synthetic hydrogel to act as a corneal substitute capable of selectively supporting the adhesion and proliferation of limbal epithelial cells (LECs) while inhibiting growth of limbal fibroblasts. Deficiency of LECs causes conjunctival epithelial cells to move over the cornea, producing a thick scar pannus. Unilateral defects can be treated using LEC cultured from the unaffected eye, transplanting them to the affected cornea after scar tissue is removed. The underlying wound bed is often damaged, however, hence the need to develop a corneal inlay to aid in corneal re-epithelialization. Transparent epoxy-functional polymethacrylate networks were synthesized using a combination of glycerol monomethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, lauryl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate that produced two different bulk hydrogel compositions with different equilibrium water contents (EWCs): Base 1 and Base 2, EWC=55% and 35%, respectively. Two sets of amine-functional hydrogels were produced following reaction of the epoxide groups with excesses of either ammonia, 1,2-diamino ethane, 1,3-diamino propane, 1,4-diamino butane or 1,6-diamino hexane. Neither series of hydrogels supported the proliferation of limbal fibroblasts irrespective of amine functionalization but they both supported the adhesion and proliferation of limbal epithelial cells, particularly when functionalized with 1,4-diamino butane. With Base 1 hydrogels (less so with Base 2) a vigorous epithelial outgrowth was seen from small limbal explants and a confluent epithelial layer was achieved in vitro within 6days. The data support the development of hydrogels specific for epithelial formation.

Le neuroblastome pédiatrique à haut risque est incurable malgré l’intensification des traitements. Chez le patient, les cellules de neuroblastome échappent à l’activité anticancéreuse des cellules immunitaires Natural Killer (NK). Or, lorsque cultivées in vitro en monocouche (2D), les cellules de neuroblastomes redeviennent sensibles à l’activité cytotoxique des cellules NK ce qui ne reflètent pas leur résistance dans les tumeurs in situ. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que lorsque cultivées en 3D sous forme de sphéroïdes, les cellules de neuroblastome pourraient retrouver certaines caractéristiques qui les rendraient plus représentatives des tumeurs in situ au niveau immunologique. Ainsi, un tel modèle préclinique pourrait mieux refléter la résistance aux cellules NK et servir de modèle de criblage pour la découverte de médicaments potentialisant la cytotoxicité des cellules NK. Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons développé un système de culture cellulaire 3D utilisant plusieurs lignées cellulaires de neuroblastome. À ce système, une co-culture en 3D avec une lignée de cellules Natural Killer (NK92) a été mise en place. Nous avons mis en évidence que les sphéroïdes de neuroblastome présentent des changements d’expression de certains gènes qui sont retrouvées chez les patients ainsi qu’une plus grande résistance à l’activité cytotoxique des cellules NK92 en comparaison avec les lignées en monocouche. Les co cultures de sphéroïdes ont été exposées à des inhibiteurs de protéines impliquées à différents niveaux de l’épigénome afin de découvrir des médicaments qui sensibiliseraient les cellules de neuroblastome à l’activité cytotoxique des NK92. Une différence dans la sensibilité aux médicaments entre les sphéroïdes et les cellules en 2D ainsi qu’en monoculture ou en co-culture a été observée et certains composés ont été identifiés en vue de potentialiser l’activité des cellules NK92. Ainsi, nos études ont permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans la résistance des cellules du neuroblastome à l’activité cytotoxique des cellules NK dans un modèle plus représentatif de la tumeur in situ. / High-risk pediatric neuroblastoma remains incurable despite intensified treatments. In patients, neuroblastoma cells evade the anti-cancer activity of Natural Killer (NK) immune cells. However, when cultured in vitro in a monolayer (2D), neuroblastoma cells become sensitive to the cytotoxic activity of NK cells, which does not reflect their resistance in tumors in situ. We hypothesize that when cultured in 3D in the form of spheroids, neuroblastoma cells could regain certain characteristics that would make them representative of tumors in situ at the immunological level. Thus, such a preclinical model could better reflect NK cell resistance and serve as a screening model for drug discovery to discover a treatment that can potentiate NK cell cytotoxicity. To answer this question, we developed a 3D cell culture system using several neuroblastoma cell lines. To this system, a 3D coculture model with a Natural Killer (NK92) cell line was set up. We have shown that neuroblastoma spheroids develop changes in the expression of certain genes that are found in patients as well as greater resistance to NK92 cells compared to monolayer cell lines. Spheroid cocultures were exposed to inhibitors of proteins involved at different levels of the epigenome to discover drugs that would sensitize neuroblastoma cells to the cytotoxic activity of NK92. A difference in drug sensitivity between spheroids and cells in 2D as well as in monoculture or coculture was observed and some compounds were identified to potentiate the activity of NK92 cells. Thus, our studies have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the resistance of neuroblastoma cells to the cytotoxic activity of NK cells in a more representative model of the tumor in situ.

Os micro-organismos são profícuas fontes de produtos naturais bioativos. Diversos fármacos de importância clínica são de origem microbiana, sendo que a maioria dos antibióticos usados clinicamente é produzida por actinobactérias, principalmente do gênero Streptomyces. A resistência a múltiplas drogas por microorganismos patogênicos e também pelas células tumorais leva à necessidade por novos fármacos antibacterianos e antitumorais. Actinobactérias endofíticas têm demonstrado grande potencial para a busca de produtos naturais bioativos. O presente trabalho relata o estudo químico de duas linhagens de actinobactérias endofíticas, Streptomyces sp. RTd 22 e Streptomyces sp RTd 31, isoladas das raízes de Tithonia diversifolia. As frações ativas nos ensaios biológicos foram fracionadas para a identificação dos compostos bioativos, sendo eles os antibióticos macrolídeos concanamicinas A (S31-1) e B (S31-2), anidro-agliconas das concanamicinas A (S31-3) e B (S31-4), todos produzidos por Streptomyces sp RTd31, e o ionóforo poliéter grisorixina (S22-2), produzido por Streptomyces sp. RTd22. Foi realizado o monitoramento da produção desses compostos bioativos por UPLC-MS através do modo SIM. As concanamicinas A e B tiveram um máximo de produção com 96h, já a grisorixina obteve um máximo com 192h. Outros compostos identificados por desreplicação dos extratos butanólicos de ambas as actinobactérias foram os sideróforos norcardamina (S31-7) e desoxi-nocardamina (S31-8), já o sideróforo desferrioxamina B (S31-9) foi identificado apenas nos extratos butanólicos de Streptomyces sp RTd31. Experimentos de variação do meio de cultivo e co-cultura com bactérias patogênicas foram empregados a fim de estimular a biossíntese de novos compostos, porém nenhum novo metabólito foi identificado. O sequenciamento genético da actinobactéria Streptomyces sp. RTd22 permitiu verificar a presença de vários clusters biossintéticos nesse micro-organismo através da análise feita pelo antiSMASH. Foi possível identificar o cluster da himastatina (S22-4) e da coeliquelina (S22-5), sendo que ambos os compostos não foram biossintetizados nas condições de cultivo utilizadas. O cluster biossintético da grisorixina foi determinado e o experimento de recombinação homóloga para a deleção do gene análogo a flavina mono-oxigenase da nigericina nigC foi realizado. Dois mutantes foram obtidos e um deles foi cultivado para a análise do perfil metabólico por espectrometria de massas. Não houve a produção da grisorixina nem do seu possível precursor pelo mutante, mas outros metabólitos foram produzidos / Microorganisms are prolific sources of bioactive natural products. Several clinically important drugs have microbial origin, and most of the therapeutically used antibiotics are produced by actinobacteria, mainly from the genus Streptomyces. The multidrug resistance observed in pathogenic microorganisms and tumor cells lead to the need for new antibacterial and antitumor drugs . Endophytic actinobacteria have shown great potential in the search for bioactive natural products. This work describes the chemical study of two endophytic actinobacteria strains: Streptomyces sp. RTd 22 and Streptomyces sp RTD 31, isolated from Tithonia diversifolia roots. Active fractions in biological assays were further fractionated for identifying the bioactive compounds, which are: the macrolide antibiotics concanamycins (S31-1) and B (S31-2), anhydrous aglycones of concanamycins A (S31-3) and B (S31-4), all four produced by Streptomyces sp. RTd31, and the ionophore polyether grisorixin (S22-2), produced by Streptomyces sp. RTd22. The production of these bioactive compounds was monitored by UPLC-MS via the SIM mode. Concanamycins A and B had maximum production at 96 h, and grisorixin at 192 h. Other compounds identified by the dereplication of buthanolic extracts of both actinobacteria were the siderophore norcardamine (S31-7) and deoxy-nocardamine (S31-8), the siderophores desferrioxamine B (S31-9) was identified only in buthanolic extracts of Streptomyces sp RTd31. Experiments varying media and co-culture were tested to stimulate the biosynthesis of novel compounds, but nothing new was identified. By genome sequencing of Streptomyces sp RTd22 and antiSMASH analysis it was possible to verify the presence of several biosynthetic clusters in the genome of this strain. It was possible to identify the biosynthetic clusters of himastatin (S22-4) and its analogous compound coelichelin (S22-5); however, these compounds were not biosynthesized in the culture conditions used. The grisorixin biosynthetic cluster was determined, and homologous recombination was performed for deleting the analogue gene of nigericin flavin monooxygenase nigCI. Two mutants were obtained, and one of them was cultured for analyzing its metabolic profile by mass spectrometry. There was no production of grisorixin or its possible precursor by the mutant, but others compounds were produced.

Chemische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Polymeren können verschiedene Zelltypen unterschiedlich, z. B. hinsichtlich Adhärenz oder Funktionalität, beeinflussen. Die Elastizität eines Polymers beeinflusst vor allem, welche Zugkräfte eine Zelle gegenüber ihrem Substrat entwickeln kann. Das Zellverhalten wird dann über intrazelluläre Rückkopplungsmechanismen reguliert. Die Oberflächenladung und/oder Hydrophilie eines Polymers beeinflusst zunächst die Adsorption von Ionen, Proteinen und anderen Molekülen. Vor allem über die Zusammensetzung, Dichte und Konformation der adsorbierten Komponenten werden anschließend die Wechselwirkungen mit den Zellen vermittelt. Des Weiteren können verschiedene Zelltypen unterschiedliche membranassoziierte Proteine, Zucker und Lipide aufweisen, so dass Polymereigenschaften zellspezifische Effekte bewirken können. Für biotechnologische Anwendungen und für den Einsatz in der regenerativen Medizin gewinnen Polymere, die spezifische Zellreaktionen regulieren können, immer weiter an Bedeutung. Die Isolierung und Kultur von primären Keratinozyten ist noch immer anspruchsvoll und die adäquate Heilung von Hautwunden stellt eine fortwährende medizinische Herausforderung dar. Ein Polymer, das eine bevorzugte Adhärenz von Keratinozyten bei gleichzeitig verminderter Anheftung dermaler Fibroblasten ermöglicht, würde erhebliche Vorteile für den Einsatz in der Keratinozyten-Zellkultur und als Wundauflage bieten. Um den potentiell spezifischen Einfluss bestimmter Polymereigenschaften auf primäre humane Keratinozyten und dermale Fibroblasten zu untersuchen, wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Zellkultursystem für die Mono- und Cokultur beider Zelltypen entwickelt. Das Testsystem wurde als Screening konzipiert, um den Einfluss unterschiedlicher Polymereigenschaften in mehreren Abstufungen auf die Zellen zu untersuchen. Folgende Parameter wurden untersucht: 1. Vitalität und Dichte adhärenter und nicht-adhärierter Zellen, 2. Schädigung der Zellmembran, 3. selektive Adhärenz von Keratinozyten in Cokultur durch die spezifische immunzytochemische Färbung von Keratin14 und Vimentin. Für die Polymere mit variabler Elastizität wurden zusätzlich die Ablagerung extrazellulärer Matrixkomponenten und die Sekretion löslicher Faktoren durch die Zellen untersucht. Als Modellpolymere für die Variation der Elastizität wurden vernetzte Poly(n-butylacrylate) (cPnBA) verwendet, da deren Elastizität durch den Anteil des Vernetzers eingestellt werden kann. Auf dem weniger elastischen cPnBA zeigte sich in der Cokultur ein doppelt so hohes Verhältnis von Keratinozyten zu Fibroblasten wie auf dem elastischeren cPnBA, so dass ein leichter zellselektiver Effekt angenommen werden kann. Acrylnitril-basierte Copolymere wurden als Modellpolymere für die Variation der Oberflächenladung und Hydrophilie verwendet, da die Eigenschaften durch Art und molaren Anteil des Comonomers eingestellt werden können. Durch Variation des molaren Anteils der Comonomere mit positiver bzw. negativer Ladung, Methacrylsäure-2-aminoethylester-hydrochhlorid (AEMA) und N-3-Aminopropyl-methacrylamid-hydro-chlorid (APMA) bzw. Natriumsalz der 2-Methyl-2-propen-1-sulfonsäure (NaMAS), wurde der Anteil der positiven bzw. negativen Ladung im Copolymer variiert. Durch die Erhöhung des molaren Anteils des hydrophilen Comonomers N-Vinylpyrrolidon (NVP) wurde die Hydrophilie des Copolymers gesteigert. Die Erhöhung des molaren Anteils an positiv geladenem Comonomer AEMA im Copolymer führte tendenziell zu einer höheren Keratinozytendichte, wobei die Fibroblastendichte unverändert blieb. Durch die Erhöhung des molaren Anteils des positiv geladenen Comonomers APMA ergaben sich keine deutlichen Unterschiede in Dichte, Vitalität oder Selektivität der Zellen. Durch die stufenweise Erhöhung des molaren Anteils des negativ geladenen Comonomers NaMAS konnte, wie im Falle von AEMA, eine Tendenz zur verbesserten Keratinozytenadhärenz beobachtet werden. Die Steigerung der Hydrophilie der Copolymere führte sowohl für Keratinozyten als auch für Fibroblasten zu einer reduzierten Adhärenz und Vitalität. In der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit wurde ein Testverfahren etabliert, das die Untersuchung von primären humanen Keratinozyten und primären humanen Fibroblasten in Monokultur und Cokultur auf verschiedenen Polymeren ermöglicht. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich durch die gezielte Modifizierung verschiedener Polymereigenschaften die Adhärenz und Vitalität beider Zelltypen beeinflussen lässt. Die Reduktion der Elastizität sowie die Erhöhung des molaren Anteils geladener Comonomere führten zu einer Zunahme der Keratinozytenadhärenz. Da die Fibroblasten unbeeinflusst blieben, zeigte sich für einige der untersuchten Polymere eine leichte Zellselektivität. Diese könnte durch die weitere Erhöhung der Steifigkeit oder des Anteils geladener Comonomere möglicherweise weiter gesteigert werden. / Chemical and physical properties of polymers can influence various cell types, e.g. concerning adherence and functionality. For instance, the elasticity of a polymer can influence, which pulling force a cell can generate towards a substrate. According to the cell type, its behavior can be controlled by intracellular feedback mechanisms. The surface charge and/or hydrophilicity of a polymer initially influence the adsorption of ions, proteins and other molecules. In particular, the composition, density, and conformation of the adsorbed components mediate the cell-material interactions. Since different cell types present varying cell membrane associated proteins, sugars and lipids, it is assumed that polymer properties can induce cell specific effects. Polymers, which can regulate specific cell reactions, become more and more important for biotechnological uses and applications in the regenerative medicine. The isolation and culture of primary keratinocytes is still challenging and an adequate wound healing remains a clinical task. A polymer, which enables a preferential adherence of keratinocytes and induces a reduced adherence of dermal fibroblasts, would provide enormous advantages for keratinocyte culture systems as well as for wound dressings. To investigate the specific influence of certain polymer properties on primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts, a cell culture system for mono- and coculture of both cell types was established. The test system was designed as a screening to investigate the influence of polymers with gradations of different properties on the cells. Thereby, the viability and density of adherent and not adhered cells, as well as the impairment of the cell membranes were analyzed in mono- and cocultures, and the selective adherence of keratinocytes in the coculture was evaluated using a specific immunocytochemical staining for keratin14 and vimentin. Furthermore, the deposition of extracellular matrix components and the secretion of soluble factors were analyzed for the elastic polymers. Since the elasticity of crosslinked poly(n-butylacrylate) (cPnBA) networks can be adjusted by the amount of the crosslinker, they were used as model polymers to investigate the influence of varying elasticity to the cells. On the less elastic cPnBA, the ratio of keratinocytes to fibroblasts was increased compared to the more elastic one. From these results, a slight cell selective effect can be assumed. Acrylonitrile-based copolymers were used as model polymers for the variation of surface charge and hydrophilicity, since their properties can be modified by the type and molar ratio of comonomers. By the variation of the molar ratio of positively charged comonomers (Methacrylic acid-2-aminoethylester hydrochloride (AEMA) and N-3-aminopropyl methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA)), or a negatively charged comonomer (2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (NaMAS)), the amount of positive or negative charges was modified. The hydrophilicity was increased by the molar ratio of the hydrophilic comonomer N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP). With an increased molar ratio of the positively charged comonomer AEMA, a tendency towards a higher density of adherent keratinocytes could be shown, whereby, the density of adherent fibroblasts remained unaffected. With increasing molar ratios of the positively charged comonomer APMA, no differences between cell densities, viability or selectivity were detectable. Comparable to AEMA, a tendency towards improved keratinocyte adhesion could be shown with an increasing molar ratio of the negatively charged comonomer NaMAS. The increase of the hydrophilicity of the copolymers led to a reduced adherence and viability of the keratinocytes, as well as of the fibroblasts. In conclusion, a test system was established, which enables the evaluation of primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in contact with different polymers in monoculture, as well as in coculture. Furthermore, the present thesis shows that directed modifications of polymer properties influenced the adherence and viability of both cell types. The decrease of elasticity and the increase of the molar ratio of charged comonomers led to an increased keratinocyte adherence. Since the fibroblasts remained unaffected, slight cell selectivity was shown. By further increasing the stiffness or the amount of charged comonomers, further enhancement of this effect might be possible.