Este trabalho tem por objetivo formular um procedimento para a quantificação da vazão do ar promovida pela ação do vento no interior do edifício, em climas quentes. O procedimento é dividido em cinco partes: obtenção dos dados de vento, transposição dos dados de vento da estação meteorológica para a área de interesse, determinação dos coeficientes de pressão no edifício, determinação dos coeficientes de descarga das aberturas, e o cálculo da vazão no interior do edifício. Diversas ferramentas são apresentadas para a execução de cada etapa, e seu uso e parâmetros de entrada são discutidos. O uso de túnel de vento e a simulação com ferramentas de dinâmica dos fluidos computacional são apresentados em detalhes. O trabalho conclui que estão disponíveis aos projetistas um amplo conjunto de ferramentas para a predição da ventilação natural no interior do edifício, e que somente pelo seu uso criterioso, as conclusões são passiveis de uso no projeto arquitetônico. / The aim of this dissertation is to produce a procedure for wind-driven natural ventilation prediction, in hot climate building. The procedure is organized in five parts: wind data obtaining, topographic e roughness correction, pressure coefficient determination, discharge coefficient determination, and flow rate calculation inside the building. The dissertation presents some tools to execute each part of the procedure, and the specificities of those tools are discussed. Wind tunnel experiment and computation fluid dynamic simulation are presented in detail. The research conclusion is that designers have many tools avaliable to performe a natural ventilation prediction, but just concient use will produce reliable results for architectural design.

Thesis advisor: Solomon Friedberg / Kazhdan and Patterson constructed generalized theta representations on covers of general linear groups as multi-residues of the Borel Eisenstein series. For the double covers, these representations and their (degenerate-type) unique models were used by Bump and Ginzburg in the Rankin-Selberg constructions of the symmetric square L-functions for GL(r). In this thesis, we study two other types of models that the theta representations may support. We first discuss semi-Whittaker models, which generalize the models used in the work of Bump and Ginzburg. Secondly, we determine the unipotent orbits attached to theta functions, in the sense of Ginzburg. We also determine the covers for which these models are unique. We also describe briefly some applications of these unique models in Rankin-Selberg integrals for covering groups. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Mathematics.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo formular um procedimento para a quantificação da vazão do ar promovida pela ação do vento no interior do edifício, em climas quentes. O procedimento é dividido em cinco partes: obtenção dos dados de vento, transposição dos dados de vento da estação meteorológica para a área de interesse, determinação dos coeficientes de pressão no edifício, determinação dos coeficientes de descarga das aberturas, e o cálculo da vazão no interior do edifício. Diversas ferramentas são apresentadas para a execução de cada etapa, e seu uso e parâmetros de entrada são discutidos. O uso de túnel de vento e a simulação com ferramentas de dinâmica dos fluidos computacional são apresentados em detalhes. O trabalho conclui que estão disponíveis aos projetistas um amplo conjunto de ferramentas para a predição da ventilação natural no interior do edifício, e que somente pelo seu uso criterioso, as conclusões são passiveis de uso no projeto arquitetônico. / The aim of this dissertation is to produce a procedure for wind-driven natural ventilation prediction, in hot climate building. The procedure is organized in five parts: wind data obtaining, topographic e roughness correction, pressure coefficient determination, discharge coefficient determination, and flow rate calculation inside the building. The dissertation presents some tools to execute each part of the procedure, and the specificities of those tools are discussed. Wind tunnel experiment and computation fluid dynamic simulation are presented in detail. The research conclusion is that designers have many tools avaliable to performe a natural ventilation prediction, but just concient use will produce reliable results for architectural design.

<p>This thesis project describes how the retrieval of aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients is computed from data obtained with a Raman lidar at FOI, Swedish Defense Research Agency. The theory is described, the implementation is done and problems discovered along the way are discussed. The lidar use the wavelength 355 nm and the Raman shift in nitrogen at 387 nm.</p><p>The retrieved algorithm gives extinction coefficient between 1 500 and 10 000 meters while the backscatter coefficient covers the span 800 to 15 000 meters. However there is skewness in the backscatter coefficient that needs to be further investigated. Tests indicate that the skewness comes from the way the measurements are done at FOI.</p>

Over the past centuries, a number of process routes for extraction of metal values from an ore or other resources have been developed. These can generally be classifiedinto pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical or electrometallurgical routes. In the caseof the latter two processes, the reaction medium consists of liquid phase electrolytesthat can be aqueous, non-aqueous as well as molten salts. The present dissertationpresents the work carried out with two aspects of the above-mentioned electrolytes.First part is about the electrolyte solutions, which can be used in solvent extractionrelevant to many hydrometallurgical or chemical engineering processes; the secondpart is about the molten salts, which is often used in the electrometallurgical processesfor production of a variety of many kinds of metals or alloys, especially those that arehighly reactive.In the first part of this thesis, the focus is given to the thermodynamics ofelectrolyte solutions. Since the non-ideality of high concentration solution is not wellsolved, a modified three-characteristic-parameter correlation model is proposed,which can calculate the thermodynamic properties of high concentration electrolytesolutions accurately. Model parameters for hundreds of systems are obtained foraqueous as well as non-aqueous solutions. Moreover, a new predictive method tocalculate the freezing point depression, boiling point elevation and vaporizationenthalpy of electrolyte solutions is also proposed. This method has been shown to be agood first approximation for the prediction of these properties.In the second part, a process towards the extraction of metal values from slags,low-grade ores and other oxidic materials such as spent refractories using molten saltsis presented. Firstly, this process is developed for the recovery of Cr, Fe values fromEAF slag as well as chromite ore by using NaCl-KCl salt mixtures in the laboratoryscale. The slags were allowed to react with molten salt mixtures. This extraction stepwas found to be very encouraging in the case of Cr and Fe present in the slags. Byelectrolysis of the molten salt phase, Fe-Cr alloy was found to be deposited on thecathode surface. The method is expected to be applicable even in the case of V, Mnand Mo in the waste slags.Secondly, this process was extended to the extraction of copper/iron from copperore including oxidic and sulfide ores under controlled oxygen partial pressures.Copper or Cu/Fe mixtures could be found on the cathode surface along with theemission of elemental sulphur that was condensed in the cooler regions of the reactor.Thus, the new process offers a potential environmentally friendly process routereducing SO2 emissions.Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetric studies of metal ions(Cr, Fe, Cu, Mg, Mn)in (CaCl2-)NaCl-KCl salt melt were performed to understand the mechanisms, such asthe deposition potential, electrode reactions and diffusion coefficients, etc. In addition,another method using a direct electro-deoxidation concept(FFC Cambridge method),was also investigated for the electrolysis of copper sulfide. Sintered solid porouspellets of copper sulfide Cu2S and Cu2S/FeS were electrolyzed to elemental Cu, S andCu, Fe, S respectively in molten CaCl2-NaCl at 800oC under the protection of Argongas. This direct electrolysis of the sulfide to copper with the emission of elementalsulfur also offers an attractive green process route for the treatment of copper ore. / QC 20100714

This thesis project describes how the retrieval of aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients is computed from data obtained with a Raman lidar at FOI, Swedish Defense Research Agency. The theory is described, the implementation is done and problems discovered along the way are discussed. The lidar use the wavelength 355 nm and the Raman shift in nitrogen at 387 nm. The retrieved algorithm gives extinction coefficient between 1 500 and 10 000 meters while the backscatter coefficient covers the span 800 to 15 000 meters. However there is skewness in the backscatter coefficient that needs to be further investigated. Tests indicate that the skewness comes from the way the measurements are done at FOI.

A seal is a component used in a turbomachine to reduce internal leakage of the working fluid and to increase the machine's efficiency. The stability of a turbomachine partially depends upon the rotodynamic coefficients of the seal. The integral control volume based rotodynamic coefficient prediction programs are no more accurate than the accuracy of the leakage mass flow rate estimation. Thus an accurate prediction of the mass flow rate through seals is extremely important, especially for rotodynamic analysis of turbomachinery. For labyrinth seals, which are widely used, the energy dissipation is achieved by a series of constrictions and cavities. When the fluid flows through the constriction (under each tooth), a part of the pressure head is converted into kinetic energy, which is dissipated through small scale turbulence-viscosity interaction in the cavity that follows. Therefore, a leakage flow rate prediction equation can be developed by comparing the seal to a series of orifices and cavities. Using this analogy, the mass flow rate is modeled as a function of the flow coefficient under each tooth and the carry over coefficient, which accounts for the turbulent dissipation of kinetic energy in a cavity. This work, based upon FLUENT CFD simulations, initially studies the influence of flow parameters, in addition to geometry, on the carry over coefficient of a cavity, developing a better model for the same. It is found that the Reynolds number and clearance to pitch ratios have a major influence and tooth width has a secondary influence on the carry over coefficient and models for the same were developed for a generic rectangular tooth on stator labyrinth seal. The discharge coefficient of the labyrinth seal tooth (with the preceding cavity) was found to be a function of the discharge coefficient of a single tooth (with no preceding cavity) and the carry over coefficient. The discharge coefficient of a single tooth is established as a function of the Reynolds number and width to clearance ratio of the tooth and a model for the same is developed. It is also verified that this model describes the discharge coefficient of the first tooth in the labyrinth seal. By comparing the coefficients of discharge of compressible flow to that of incompressible flow at the same Reynolds number, the expansion factor was found to depend only upon the pressure ratio and ratio of specific heats. A model for the same was developed. Thus using the developed models, it is possible to compute the leakage mass flow rate as well as the axial distribution of cavity pressure across the seal for known inlet and exit pressures. The model is validated against prior experimental data.

As information technologies advanced greatly in recent years, the security problem of information networks becomes all the more important. As a result, biometric identification techniques have been given considerable attention. Fingerprint-related techniques, due to these desirable properties, i.e., universality, perpetuity, collectability and particularity, are most widely applied and documented. However, in practice, collected fingerprint images are not always of good quality. They often are noisy or are even partial images. Therefore, in this research, we propose a new minutiae matching method, while using a coefficient of variation of orientation difference, a coefficient of frequency correlation, along with other image features to obtain a match based on only partial fingerprints. By the proposed method, when a score is arrived at and the test image and the database image have five minutia points matched, we have both FRR and FAR values close to 29%, and the correctness of matching reaches 70.56%.

In order to make thermal solar power compete with the traditional sources of energy, the efficiency must increase and one way of doing it is by changing the operating fluid. Among the alternate fluids is the use of molten salts as a part of the process; either for thermal storage and later utilization for electrical production during the hours without sun or as a substitute of the operating fluid to provide higher temperatures resulting in better efficiency. The difficulty of using molten salts is the lack of physical properties in literature; such as viscosity, boiling point, vapor pressure and volumetric absorption of solar radiation, thus making the selection of a suitable salt a very difficult endeavor. As a part of the Multidisciplinary Research Initiative (MURI) of the Department of Energy in the project of High Operating Fluids, this work will focus on the optical properties of the molten salts (volumetric absorption). The objective of this Thesis is to design, build and test a device capable of measuring the light attenuation coefficient; which is directly related to volumetric absorption of solar radiation, as well as determine the attenuation coefficient of various eutectic systems for the ternary salt mixture of ZnCl2, NaCl and KCl. Based on the little existent literature, a device capable of measuring the attenuation coefficient was designed, built, validated and tested. This was done by projecting a stable beam of light simulating sun radiation through the molten salt sample and to a spectrometer with a wavelength range going from 400 nm to 1000 nm with operating temperatures going from 350oC to 600oC. This device is capable of controlling the thickness, from 1 to 60 mm, of the molten salt sample by a computer controlled linear stage with an accuracy of 0.1mm. Quartz was used as a container for the molten salts because of its high melting point and transparency. A ceramic heater was used as a heat source, which can heat up the sample to temperatures up to 1200 oC if necessary. Two validation tests for the device were done by measuring the light attenuation coefficient of clear water and extra virgin olive oil and then they were compared to the ones in literature. The eutectic systems were tested next; the results characterized the attenuation coefficient as a function of wavelength and temperature, something that no other experimental work has done before for this specific fluid. These values will help to determine an optimal operating fluid for high temperature thermal applications.

Accurate values of thermophysical transport properties of particle beds are necessary to accurately model heat and mass transfer processes in particle beds that under-go preferred processes and changes. The objective of this study is to use a proven analytical/numerical methodology to estimate the unknown transport properties within test cells filled with silicagel particles and compare the results with the previously published data. An experimental test cell was designed and constructed to carry out transient heat transfer tests for both step change conduction and convection heat transfer within a packed bed of silicagel particles. For a known step change in the test cell temperature boundary condition, the temporal temperature distribution within the bed during heat conduction depends only on the effective heat conduction coefficient and the thermal capacity of the particle bed. The central problem is to, using only the boundary conditions and a few time-varying temperature sensors in the test cell of particles, determine the effective thermal conductivity of the test bed and specify the resulting measurement uncertainty. A similar problem occurs when the heat convection coefficient is sought after a step change in the airflow inlet temperature for the test cell. These types of problems are known as inverse heat transfer problems (IHTP). In this thesis, IHTP method was used to estimate the convective heat transfer coefficient. Good agreement was seen in experimental and numerical temperature profiles, which were modeled by using the estimated convective heat transfer coefficient. The same methodology was used to estimate the effective thermal conductivity of the particle bed. Comparison between the experimental temperature distribution and numerical temperature distribution, which was modeled by using the estimated effective conductivity, illustrated good agreement. On the other side, applying the effective thermal conductivity, obtained from a direct steady state measurement, in the numerical simulation could not present agreement between the numerical and experimental results. It was concluded that the IHTP methodology was a successful approach to find the thermophysical properties of the particle beds, which were hard to measure directly.