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Since ancient times, coffee has been a savory drink for most of the world's population. It is the second most widely distributed commodity after crude oil in the world. Hence, there has always been a pressure on the coffee industry to produce more volume of good quality coffee. The coffee industry has not been able to meet this increasing coffee demand due to various reasons, such as low crop yield, high coffee rejection rate etc. Historically, the coffee production industry has had high rejection rates due to inadequate knowledge about the defects that plague coffee and the lack of research to detect and eliminate the defective coffee beans. In this thesis, an attempt has been made to minimize the rejection rate of coffee beans due to a specific defect called "Potato Defect". Potato defect is very prominent in East African countries for reasons not yet known. It is caused by an increase in the concentration of 2-isopropyl -3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP), present in parts per billion concentration in coffee beans. In this thesis, various techniques have been evaluated to detect the increased concentration of IPMP, and then eliminate the 'potato defect' infected coffee beans. As these proposed techniques need to be implemented on an industrial scale, special care has been taken to keep the inspection time of coffee beans as low as possible to minimize its negative impact on the overall coffee production rate. Considering both sensitivity and time, non destructive methods such as ion mobility spectrometry, cavity ring down spectrometry and electronic nose were assessed for their suitability to identify low concentrations of IPMP in the complex matrix of coffee volatiles. Experiments were also conducted by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME), followed by multidimensional gas chromatography with simultaneous olfactory and mass spectrometric detection (GC- MS-O) technology to validate information related to the 'potato defect'. GC-MS-O could detect IPMP present in whole green coffee beans while other researchers only detected IPMP in ground coffee. The findings of this thesis opens the doors for the coffee industry to establish non destructive, sensitive methodology to analyze further coffee aroma.

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After 1989, the elimination of the Brazilian Coffee Institute coincided with a global movement of coffee market deregulation, resulting in a long ‘coffee crisis’ that harmed the livelihoods of thousands of small-scale coffee producers in Brazil. In response, the Brazilian coffee landscape was restructured and large private cooperatives emerged as the primary institutions in the Sul de Minas region. However, after the initial retraction of state intervention, extremely low coffee prices contributed to the reestablishment of the Brazilian government in the coffee sector, but in a different fashion, as state institutions were redesigned to support actors and private institutions, not recreate the state as an intermediary in the market. Despite further commitment to coffee production, producers experienced greater economic vulnerability and suffered the brunt of the low coffee prices, but a strong culture of coffee production played an important role in shaping the choices of producers.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / One folded map in pocket. Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 272-283).

Read the abstract in the section 00front of this document. / Dissertation (MSc (Agric) Food Science and Technology)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Food Science / unrestricted

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Abstract Most of people were introduced that cyber coffee shop equivalent to electrical game shop, and electrical game shop was regard as gambling place. Therefore , cyber coffee shop was misinterpreted to gambling place before. Meanwhile , people who merely know the addiction of cyber coffee shop , but do not try to know the reason why people have such addiction. The young people like to stay at cyber coffee shop where has not only hi-end facility but also good partnership can be found there. Especially , for some people who can escape from parent¡¦s or others interruptions and enjoy themselves while they stay at the cyber coffee shop. After reviewing the previous literatures, we adopt to do the case study from the point of view of schoolwork , relationship and filiation. In principle , we focus on studying the user¡¦s on line behavior of cyber coffee shop in Kaohsiung. Finally we found that the young students are major users of cyber coffee shop in Kaohsiung , and they express that they can well handle the schoolwork. Even though they are good users who have better intelligence , we still worry them will be affected by poor circumstance and play with highly potential risk if the owners of cyber coffee shop have not well management. It worthy to think how to well manage the discipline of cyber coffee shop by responsible education department of government after concluded some guideline through this study.

Local actors in the coastal side of Chimaltenango, Guatemala regularly characterize fincas (plantations) as “private property” to explain that they function as independent social spaces, with its inner-functions considered matters between owners and workers, not of concern to society. I argue that locally employed explanations of fincas as private areas support a common sense finca ideology that has placed the basic human and social needs of workers and their families at the discretion of landowners who stand to benefit directly from their marginalization. My major finding is that a finca ideology has privatized the social suffering of resident families who are forced to respond as individuals to constant pressures to their survival. Their agency to respond and possibilities for actions rooted in social solidarity have been restricted within the finca. I conclude that this ideology needs to be delegitimized so that the social and human needs of families are not dependent on the decision of landowners and so that they are empowered take action as individuals and as part of a community to redress the conditions that cause their suffering. / text