The purpose of the current study was to investigate, and expain, the effects of an intervention known as “The Five Task Approach” (TFTA); a cognitive intervention hereby utilized within the realm of the geriatric population, as a means of taxing and strengthening cortical areas associated with memory, and visual processing. This study revealed that even short-term exposure to cognitive activities, and therapeutic cueing known to tax areas connected to visual perception, may have an effect on one’s global cognition, generalized memory, and the accuracy of one’s visual perception. It was demonstrated that even brief cognitive intervention geared at taxing cortical areas associated with memory and visual processing, in conjunction with the therapuetic cueing utilized in this study, has the potential to significantly increase participant performance in terms of global cognitive function, including skills associated with executive functioning, working memory, visual processing, visual processing speed, auditory processing, and global cognitive status.

<p>Kursen Projektarbete.</p>

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [J Am Geriatr Soc 63:1355–1363, 2015.], which has been published in final form at [doi: 10.1111/jgs.13481]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance With Wiley Terms and Conditions for self-archiving. / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第19642号 / 人健博第34号 / 新制||人健||3(附属図書館) / 32678 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 三谷 章, 教授 黒木 裕士, 教授 市橋 則明 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

Maintaining cognitive health is often a pressing concern for aging adults, and given the world's shifting age demographics, it is impractical to assume that older adults will be able to rely on individualized human support for doing so. Recently, interest has turned toward technology as an alternative. Companion robots offer an attractive vehicle for facilitating cognitive exercise, but the language technologies guiding their interactions are still nascent; in elder-focused human-robot systems proposed to date, interactions have been limited to motion or buttons and canned speech. The incapacity of these systems to autonomously participate in conversational discourse limits their ability to engage users at a cognitively meaningful level. I addressed this limitation by developing a platform for human-robot book discussions, designed to promote cognitive exercise by encouraging users to consider the authors' underlying intentions in employing creative metaphors. The choice of book discussions as the backdrop for these conversations has an empirical basis in neuro- and social science research that has found that reading often, even in late adulthood, has been correlated with a decreased likelihood to exhibit symptoms of cognitive decline. The more targeted focus on novel metaphors within those conversations stems from prior work showing that processing novel metaphors is a cognitively challenging task, for young adults and even more so in older adults with and without dementia. A central contribution arising from the work was the creation of the first computational method for modelling metaphor novelty in word pairs. I show that the method outperforms baseline strategies as well as a standard metaphor detection approach, and additionally discover that incorporating a sentence-based classifier as a preliminary filtering step when applying the model to new books results in a better final set of scored word pairs. I trained and evaluated my methods using new, large corpora from two sources, and release those corpora to the research community. In developing the corpora, an additional contribution was the discovery that training a supervised regression model to automatically aggregate the crowdsourced annotations outperformed existing label aggregation strategies. Finally, I show that automatically-generated questions adhering to the Questioning the Author strategy are comparable to human-generated questions in terms of naturalness, sensibility, and question depth; the automatically-generated questions score slightly higher than human-generated questions in terms of clarity. I close by presenting findings from a usability evaluation in which users engaged in thirty-minute book discussions with a robot using the platform, showing that users find the platform to be likeable and engaging.