Epidemiologic studies have adapted to the genomics era by forming large international consortia to overcome issues of large data volume and small sample size. Whereas both cohort and well-conducted case-control studies can inform disease risk from genetic susceptibility, cohort studies offer the additional advantages of assessing lifestyle and environmental exposure-disease time sequences often over a life course. Consortium involvement poses several logistical and ethical issues to investigators, some of which are unique to cohort studies, including the challenge to harmonize prospectively collected lifestyle and environmental exposures validly across individual studies. An open forum to discuss the opportunities and challenges of large-scale cohorts and their consortia was held in June 2009 in Banff, Canada, and is summarized in this report.

Existing research on the Millennial generation has focused on identifying the workplace attributions and stereotypes between generations, and the relationship between those attributions and stereotypes, as related to organizational commitment. However, research has not addressed which workplace characteristics influence organizational commitment of the Millennial generation. Herzberg's 2-factor theory was used to investigate the relationship between workplace characteristics and organizational commitment of the Millennial generation. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether workplace characteristics influence organizational commitment in the Millennial generation. This quantitative study used the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. A convenience sample of 215 individuals born between 1984 and 1998 were surveyed. The key research questions investigated which workplace characteristics had the greatest impact on organizational commitment. The results indicated that self-management of career paths, combined with opportunities for employee development provided the best predictors for organizational commitment of the Millennial generation. These 2 variables accounted for 21% of the variance of the OCQ (R = .463, R²=.21).By understanding which workplace characteristics impact organizational commitment, organizations will be able to reduce turnover, employees will become more committed to the organization, which may provide employers with a greater opportunity to develop future leaders of their organizations and thereby initiate positive social change at the level of the individual employee and the organization.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13230号 / 論医博第2170号 / 新制||医||1036(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 松田 文彦, 教授 富樫 かおり / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

[pt] Diferenças nas preferências de consumo podem resultar de atributos da loja ou do estilo de atendimento prestado ao consumidor, mas também podem advir de experiências passadas ou de valores pessoais do indivíduo. A correta percepção dos efeitos que influenciam as preferências de compra traz positivas implicações para as práticas de marketing, pois um melhor conhecimento dos consumidores permite que se promova uma comunicação mais adequada ao mercado ou a segmentos deste, maximizando os resultados dos esforços de marketing. O coorte - conjunto de indivíduos que amadureceram em um mesmo ambiente, com experiências de vida semelhantes - é marcado pelas condições que prevaleceram em períodos críticos no ciclo de vida de seus membros. Através da análise de coorte é possível identificar os efeitos da pertença a um coorte nas atitudes de compra dos consumidores. Neste estudo, o método de análise de coorte é aplicado ao setor de supermercados. Desse modo, possibilitará a este setor um melhor conhecimento das atitudes de compra de seus consumidores, podendo abordá-los com maior eficácia. / [en] Not only can differences in the consumption preferences be a result of the influence of some attributes of the store and the style of attendance given to the consumer, but they can also happen as a consequence of the last experiences or personal values of the individual. The correct perception of the effects that influence purchasing preferences brings positive skills to marketing due to a better knowledge of consumers, which promotes a more adequate communication with the market, maximizing marketing efforts´results. Cohort - a group of individuals that had grown in the same environment, with similar life experiences - is defined by the conditions that have continuously happened during critical periods in its members´life. Through the analysis of cohort in the customers´attitudes of purchase, it is possible to identify the influence of belonging to a group on the purchasing behavior. In this study, the analysis of cohort is applied to the supermarket industry. Therefore, it will provide that industry a better understanding of its consumers´purchasing attitudes, making it easier to approach them with a higher level of effectiveness. / [es] Diferencias en las preferencias de consumo pueden ser resultado de atributos del establecimiento o del estilo de trato al consumidor, pero también puede proceder de experiencias pasadas o de valores personales del individuo. Una percepción correcta de los efectos que mas influyen en las preferencias de compra trae implicaciones positivas para las prácticas de marketing; ya que un mejor conocimiento de los consumidores permite promover una comunicación más adecuada al mercado o segmentos de mercado, maximizando los resultados de los esfuerzos de marketing. El cohorte - conjunto de individuos que maduran en un mismo ambiente, con experiencias de vida semejantes - está detereminado por las condiciones que prevalecieron en períodos críticos del ciclo de vida de sus miembros. A través del análisis de cohortes es posible identificar los efectos de pertenecer a una cohorte en las actitudes de compra de los consumidores. En este estudio, el método de análisis de cohorte se aplica al sector de supermercados. De ese modo, le será posible a este sector, un mejor conocimiento de las actitudes de compra de sus consumidores, lo que permitirá abordarlos con mayor eficacia.

Introduction: Long term care (LTC) residents require complete or extensive support, including 24-hour nursing and personal care. LTC residents contribute a greater number of emergency department (ED) visits when compared to community-dwelling older adults. Little is known about which resident-level characteristics at admission are predictive of LTC resident transfer to the ED. The objective of this thesis was to identify which admission characteristics are associated with ED transfers in Ontario, Canada. Methodology: I conducted a population-level retrospective cohort study using the Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set Version 2.0 (RAI-MDS). The cohort included 56,433 LTC resident admission assessments from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018. Logistic regression and 10-fold cross-validation were used to identify adjusted associations between characteristics routinely collected during LTC admission assessment and ED transfers. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). Outcomes of interest included any ED use, potentially preventable, and low acuity ED transfers. Results: A recent change in medical orders, previous ED visitation, female sex, the presence of an indwelling catheter, and the need for oxygen therapy were informative predictors for any, potentially preventable, and low acuity ED transfers. Deterioration in cognitive status and change in behavior was influential to any ED transfers only. Urinary tract infections, pneumonia, indictors of delirium, and change in mood are unique to potentially preventable ED transfers, and antibiotic resistance is unique to low acuity ED transfers. Similar discrimination was reached for any ED use (AUC = 0.630), potentially preventable transfers (AUC = 0.659), and low acuity transfers (AUC = 0.645). Conclusion: The factors associated with ED transfers may be modifiable, and closer attention to these factors may help reduce ED transfers. Although the discriminability of the models was poor, advanced knowledge of informative characteristics can support upstream decision-making for clinicians. Future studies are required to validate these findings, derive risk scales, and demonstrate the utility of this model in health service planning. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / Long term care (LTC) provides residents with 24-hour nursing and personal care. When the care or clinical needs of the resident cannot be met in the LTC facility, they may be transferred to the Emergency Department (ED). However, the ED’s are poorly situated to manage the distinct needs of older adults, given the sole focus on medical acuity rather than geriatric complexity. Unwarranted ED transfers are burdensome for LTC residents and increase their risk for adverse health events, such as nosocomial infections, delirium, and injuries. Understanding characteristics associated with ED transfers can help identify which residents may be at a risk of an ED transfer. The objective of this thesis was to identify which LTC resident characteristics at admission are associated with ED transfers in Ontario, Canada. A recent change in medical orders, previous ED visitation, female sex, the presence of an indwelling catheter, and the need for oxygen therapy were informative predictors for ED transfers.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of conducting a prospective cohort study during early pregnancy (<24 weeks gestation) examining the psychological factors associated with excessive pregnancy weight gain. Study Design: Women who had at least 1 prenatal care visit, had a live singleton gestation and were able to read English were eligible to enroll in the study. Women completed the self-administered survey at their prenatal clinics in Hamilton and Brantford, Ontario, Canada. Final pregnancy weight was obtained from women’s clinical charts. Results: All approached clinics agreed to participate in the study (100% clinic agreement). Five hundred thirty women completed the enrolment survey, which was a 90.0% uptake rate. An average of 6 women enrolled each week at less than 24 weeks gestation. Less than 10% of data were missing for all survey questions and outcome data (final pregnancy weight) was available for all but one participant (97.3%). Final pregnancy weights were obtained a median of 1.0 days (interquartile 0.0-3.5 days) prior to delivery. No psychological factors were significantly associated with the odds of gaining above the 2009 IOM/Health Canada guidelines in the exploratory univariate analysis. Conclusion: All feasibility outcomes demonstrated that conducting a full-scale study in Southwestern Ontario would be feasible. Conducting a full-scale study may identify associations between psychological factors and excessive pregnancy weight gain. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24492号 / 医博第4934号 / 新制||医||1063(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 今中 雄一, 教授 川上 浩司, 教授 妹尾 浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Abstract available in the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

No description available.

No description available.