Cette thèse s’intéresse au phénomène des collections de traductions dans la France du XIXe siècle, particulièrement entre les années 1821 et 1852, dans le but de dévoiler les identités réelles et les identités discursives des traducteurs qui y ont collaboré. Elle tire sa légitimité du peu de travaux effectués jusqu’à ce jour sur les collections de traductions, notamment dans le champ des études littéraires. Nous distinguons deux ensembles, celui de la traduction à partir des langues anciennes (grec et latin) et celui de la traduction à partir des langues modernes (anglais, allemand, italien et espagnol), et décrivons en détail l’architecture globale de cinq entreprises collectives, à savoir : la Bibliothèque Panckoucke, la Collection Nisard, Les Poèmes grecs d’E. Falconnet, la Collection Ladvocat et le Théâtre européen. Grâce à l’information recueillie sur les pages titres et dans les tables de matières, nous avons établi une liste première de 182 traducteurs qui ont signé des traductions en sein de ces entreprises prestigieuses. En adoptant la perspective « prosopographique », nous avons mené notre enquête sur l’identité réelle de ces traducteurs dans des dictionnaires de l’époque (la Biographie générale du Dr. Hoefer, le Dictionnaire des contemporains de Gustave Vapereau et le Grand dictionnaire universel de Pierre Larousse), avec le but de déterminer les horizons dont ils proviennent, leurs domaines d’intérêt, leurs groupes d’âge, leurs implication dans la société littéraire de l’époque, etc. En outre, ces collections nous ont servi de bases de données pour établir une liste de 169 préfaces de traducteurs dont la lecture sérielle, en ayant recours au concept de « scénographie », propre à l’analyse du discours, permet de dégager la personnalité discursive des signataires, de voir de quelle façon ils se présentent au public, et de vérifier jusqu’à quel point leurs identités réelles imprègnent leurs identités discursives. Nous proposons aussi dans cette thèse un essai de poétique et de typologie des préfaces des traducteurs dans les collections de traduction. Notre étude s’articule autour de quatre grandes questions auxquelles nous avons tenté de répondre essentiellement à partir des discours préliminaires des traducteurs : qu’est-ce qu’on traduit? pourquoi traduit-on? comment dit-on avoir traduit? et, finalement, qui traduit? Trois grandes figures de traducteurs s’y trouvent enfin définies : « l’érudit », « le littérateur » et « le lettré ». Les résultats de l’enquête sur les identités réelles des traducteurs ont été recueillis sous la forme de courtes notices bio-bibliographiques et exposés dans un dictionnaire à la fin de la thèse.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21544号 / 理博第4451号 / 新制||理||1639(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)准教授 星 裕一郎, 教授 向井 茂, 教授 望月 新一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

No description available.

1.1 Problem statement  This study looks to examine if and how patient/dentist contact can be reduced through remote diagnosis. The goal of the study is to formulate an understanding of what type of data needs to be collected and how to optimize the collection of that data (through digital platforms) to put together an odontological diagnosis that is as accurate as possible.  In other words, can medical diagnosis of the oral cavity be done correctly remotely? How is the process of remote odontological data collection optimized through platform design (interface and functionality)?  1.2 Methods  To collect remote data pertaining to the oral cavity and its health status a system is designed composed of three separate parts that interact. A database for the permanent storage of user data, a webpage for the collection of user data through user input and a backend system that acts as conveyer of information between the users and the database. Once the system is deployed user data is collected and interpreted, the quality of the data is then assessed by qualified dentists and the system modified based on the feedback from users and dentists. After the system has been modified it is redeployed, new data is collected, and its quality assessed and compared to the data previously collected. These modifications can be in the form of minor changes made to small parts of the system or major changes involving the entire system. Although this sort of feedback loop enhancement can be performed repeatedly during a long period of time, the goal is to complete two major iterations and a series of minor changes as feedback is obtained. User feedback will be received primarily through social media as the system does not allow users to express their opinions in any direct way. This is simplified by the fact that most users will be recruited through social media platforms.  1.3 Results  Although initially the concern was that users would have issues taking adequate images/videos of the oral cavity and its oral pathologies if present, this concern was quickly dismissed. The main issue users encountered were those related to navigation of the platform resulting in users submitting incomplete data. Once changes were applied to simplify navigation the results changed drastically, and majority of the data collected was complete. As data was collected it became clear that many different types of cases could be correctly diagnosed remotely, however, some cases inevitably will require a clinical examination to diagnose due to various factors such as the need for radiographs and/or dental probing. Nevertheless, the changes made to the platform over the iterations did help to optimise data collection significantly.

Magister Artium - MA / One of the main purposes of a library is to disseminate information to the community it serves. Collection development, which is the process of building and maintaining a library’s collection is, thus an essential part of library services. The selection of materials that align with community needs and interests is an especially important aspect of collection development. With reference to the Helen Haines theory of book selection which is community-centred and highlights the role of lifelong learning in book selection, this research investigated the book selection practices of librarians from the City of Cape Town Library and Information Service

In forensic casework, recovery of more deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) generally leads to a better chance of obtaining a robust and reliable DNA profile. However, DNA evidence often contains a very low amount of cells, therefore, the importance of proper collection and storage to protect the DNA and ensure that maximum collection of cells is achieved cannot be over emphasized. New techniques and inventions have made the collection of DNA evidence more efficient and consistent through the development of different types of swabs, lysing buffers and various other improvements. Even with the development of these improvements, the ability to maximize the collection of cellular material from a substrate is still impeded by various issues in the extraction process along with the structural properties of swabs used for collection. Research by Adamowicz et al. found that when extracting buccal and blood cell samples collected on cotton swabs, using the recommended protocol for swabs with the QIAamp DNA Investigator extraction kit, over 50% of the recoverable DNA is retained on the swab or lost through the extraction process [1]. Although cotton swabs are very good at absorbing biological material, they exhibit low efficiency of DNA sample release. Additional DNA may be lost during the extraction process. An optimal method of collection and extraction for forensic samples will maximize the collection and release of cellular material and minimize the loss of cellular DNA in the extraction process. The design of the Mawi DNA Technologies’ iSWABTM collection device allows for the release of cells captured from any type of swab into a proprietary lysis and stabilizing iSWABTM buffer. The combination of the mechanistic release of cells and the proprietary lysis buffer claims to maximize the collection of cells from single or several swabs in a pre-measured amount of buffer while eliminating the potential for bacterial growth and contamination. The iSWABTM Device is designed with three prongs and contains cell lysis buffer with DNA stabilization chemistry. As the swab is taken out of the collection device, the prongs provide resistance and essentially squeeze the excess solution and cells off of the swab. Following collection of the cellular material, cell lysis is achieved by incubation in the lysis buffer for 3 hours at room temperature. No additional reagents are necessary. This study investigated whether the Mawi DNA Technologies’ iSWABTM collection device and buffer could be considered as an alternative method to maximize the recovery of cells/DNA from swabs. Experiments were conducted to test the efficiency and forensic application of the device. The following parameters of the iSWABTM buffer and collection device were tested: 1) ability to collect dried stains; 2) ability to recover cellular material from different types and conditions of swabs; 3) ability to lyse different cell types; 4) ability to stabilize DNA over an extended period of time; and, 5) ability to perform in downstream Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing and produce quality STR profiles. Cumulatively, the data indicates that the iSWABTM-ID collection device is simple, fast and convenient while providing high DNA recovery. Some modifications or additional procedure developments can be done to facilitate the application for use with samples containing very small amounts of biological materials.

No description available.

Most current-generation P2P content distribution protocols use fine-granularity blocks to distribute content in a decentralized fashion. Such systems often suffer from a significant variation in block distributions, such that certain blocks become rare or even unavailable, adversely affecting content availability and download efficiency. This phenomenon is further aggravated by peer dynamics which is inherent in P2P networks. In this thesis, we quantitatively analyze how network coding may improve block availability and introduce resilience to peer dynamics. Since in reality, network coding can only be performed within segments, each containing a subset of blocks, we explore the fundamental tradeoff between the resilience gain of network coding and its inherent coding complexity, as the number of blocks in a segment varies. As another application of the resilience of network coding, we also devise an indirect data collection scheme based on network coding for the purpose of large-scale network measurements.

Most current-generation P2P content distribution protocols use fine-granularity blocks to distribute content in a decentralized fashion. Such systems often suffer from a significant variation in block distributions, such that certain blocks become rare or even unavailable, adversely affecting content availability and download efficiency. This phenomenon is further aggravated by peer dynamics which is inherent in P2P networks. In this thesis, we quantitatively analyze how network coding may improve block availability and introduce resilience to peer dynamics. Since in reality, network coding can only be performed within segments, each containing a subset of blocks, we explore the fundamental tradeoff between the resilience gain of network coding and its inherent coding complexity, as the number of blocks in a segment varies. As another application of the resilience of network coding, we also devise an indirect data collection scheme based on network coding for the purpose of large-scale network measurements.

No description available.