The literature contains few examples examining how the opening of a grocery store in a food desert affects the experience of food security of those living in that food environment. Station 20 West (S20W) is a community enterprise centre that opened in Fall 2012 in Saskatoon’s inner city, significantly changing the foodscape of a former food desert. S20W includes the Good Food Junction grocery store (GFJ), community kitchen space, a café, community meeting space, and community organization, health region and university offices. This project investigates the experience of food security for participants in a collective kitchen (CK) at S20W. Using semi-participant observation and responsive interviews, data was collected using phenomenology to learn about participants’ food procurement experiences, their involvement in CKs, and their interaction with S20W organizations and other health-based organizations. This research illuminates the complexity of food [in]security; participants’ lived experiences of food [in]security were intertwined with their health and that of their families. Several participants came to the CK seeking socialization and friendship rather than increased food security. Most participants interviewed were not inner city residents, so their foodscapes were not changed by the opening of the GFJ. However, the S20W CK is a potential gateway to other organizations and services at S20W, and cross-promotion of programs, services, and the GFJ could increase their impact. Further research should explore the changes over time in the foodways of those who interact with S20W, to understand the longer-term effects of a food store opening in a former food desert.

Collective kitchens are defined in a general way as groups of persons who meet to plan, shop for and cook meals, in large quantities. The purpose of this study was to explore the health promotion and food security experiences of collective kitchen members, during and away from collective kitchen meetings. The study used qualitative methods, including semi-participant observation and in-depth interviews to study collective kitchen groups. Between September 2000 and June 2002, a total of 21 collective kitchen groups in Saskatoon, Toronto and Montréal were sampled for maximum variation in terms of: type of participant; structure of the group belonged to; and support at the community and organizational level. Data was collected during prolonged observation throughout group planning and cooking sessions, and by conducting in-depth interviews with participants and group leaders. Additionally, data on the community, and the quality and quantity of organizational support provided to collective kitchen groups in each of the three cities, located in three different provinces, was collected through key informant interviews. Observations were recorded using field notes. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Observation and interview data from each of the three cities were analyzed separately for dominant themes and then integrated together to establish patterns of collective impacts on the lives of participants. Results indicate the benefits of collective cooking are numerous. First and foremost they are social support and reducing isolation are central themes to collective kitchen participation. Second they are educational elements include healthy eating and other food-related skills and learning, as well as some political and social education. Third, for some groups, particularly those experiencing less severe food insecurity, collective kitchen participation might increase food security. Additional impacts of participation include some aspects of community development and personal empowerment. While this research discusses many positive impacts of collective kitchens, poverty and community disintegration will not be solved by community programming alone.

Collective kitchens are defined in a general way as groups of persons who meet to plan, shop for and cook meals, in large quantities. The purpose of this study was to explore the health promotion and food security experiences of collective kitchen members, during and away from collective kitchen meetings. The study used qualitative methods, including semi-participant observation and in-depth interviews to study collective kitchen groups. Between September 2000 and June 2002, a total of 21 collective kitchen groups in Saskatoon, Toronto and Montréal were sampled for maximum variation in terms of: type of participant; structure of the group belonged to; and support at the community and organizational level. Data was collected during prolonged observation throughout group planning and cooking sessions, and by conducting in-depth interviews with participants and group leaders. Additionally, data on the community, and the quality and quantity of organizational support provided to collective kitchen groups in each of the three cities, located in three different provinces, was collected through key informant interviews. Observations were recorded using field notes. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Observation and interview data from each of the three cities were analyzed separately for dominant themes and then integrated together to establish patterns of collective impacts on the lives of participants. Results indicate the benefits of collective cooking are numerous. First and foremost they are social support and reducing isolation are central themes to collective kitchen participation. Second they are educational elements include healthy eating and other food-related skills and learning, as well as some political and social education. Third, for some groups, particularly those experiencing less severe food insecurity, collective kitchen participation might increase food security. Additional impacts of participation include some aspects of community development and personal empowerment. While this research discusses many positive impacts of collective kitchens, poverty and community disintegration will not be solved by community programming alone.

Responding to the needs of a rapidly growing urban population, Stockholm is investing in multiple urban development projects, one of which being Slatkthusområdet, the so-called meatpacking district located in the southern area of the city. Atrium Ljungberg, the Swedish developer responsible for a big parcel of the land in the area, envisions making the slaughterhouse district into an attractive destination for business, society and people in search of cultural life. The developer aims to transform the location from an industrial site to a lively neighbourhood for the society, with a diversity of activities that will work together with a food market in one of the main buildings of the area. Their plan is to establish a food destination that will have a leading role in Slakthusområdet. In the long run, the food destination will become the hub and the unifying link between the various actors and residents of the area, but also a destination that will lift Stockholm as a reference city for gastronomic experiences. It is a crucial issue to look at the identity and experience of a place, especially when proposing the urban renewal for an area that has long been known to have a significant representation in a city. By utilizing placemaking tools and lessons from the feminist urban planning movement, I ask how can we - urban planners, designers, and architects - contribute to placemaking by encouraging certain behaviours, such as collective cooking? Furthermore, from a commercial point of view: how to brand a place? Is it possible to make a win-win, where the developer, the inhabitant, the city, all gain from a place establishing an identity through food? While using Slatkthusområdet as a case study, this thesis project aims to undergo a review of the actions happening in the area, and the actors involved, in order to propose a strategic plan for the urban renewal of the neighbourhood. This plan could be used by the authorities responsible for making decisions regarding urban planning in the city of Stockholm. The celebratory nature of food is universal In search of the universal element that could inspire the creation of public spaces in Slakthusormrådet and extend the domestic life from indoors to outdoors, food as a social tool was continuously appearing as a recommendation during my search. Every single culture and religion uses food as part of their celebrations. Sometimes food means survival, sometimes a status, and in many cases, it is a synonym for pleasure. Regardless of the reason, everyone needs to eat, and the process of cooking and preparing each meal is part of many domestic lives around the world. Slakthusområdet is the ideal scenario to experiment with this concept: their history is connected to food production, and the leading developer of the area has the intention to establish the site as a food destination in the city. Thus, I aim to use eating habits to bringing different groups to the public spaces attracted by one common interest: food

Puisque les déterminants sociaux de la santé sont en dehors du secteur institutionnel conventionnel de la santé, la collaboration intersectorielle apparaît comme la stratégie de choix pour agir sur ces déterminants. Comme souligné par Jackson et coll. (2006), la collaboration intersectorielle et les partenariats interorganisationnels sont des actions transversales qui doivent se produire à des niveaux structurels, sociaux et personnels et qui doivent être imbriquées dans toutes les stratégies de promotion de la santé mises de l’avant par la Charte d’Ottawa. Mais que signifie la collaboration intersectorielle, comment est-elle vécue, et comment ces processus intersectoriels peuvent-ils être réussis? L’objectif principal de ce projet de recherche était de contribuer à l’élaboration d’un cadre conceptuel de l’action intersectorielle, développé à partir de la littérature disponible et validé empiriquement par quatre études de cas, à l’intérieur d’une région du Québec (Chaudière-Appalaches). Ces quatre initiatives se sont déroulées entre 1997 et 2012 : • Cas 1 : Programme de prévention de la détresse psychologique auprès des agriculteurs • Cas 2 : Construction du parc de jeu destiné aux enfants de 0 à 5 ans • Cas 3 : Programme de cuisines collectives à Beauce-Sartigan • Cas 4 : Programme de prévention de l’alcool au volant La première partie de la thèse se concentre sur la compréhension de termes reliés à l’intersectorialité en santé, en comparant les définitions théoriques (à partir d’une revue systématique de la littérature grise et scientifique) à la terminologie utilisée sur le terrain (à partir des études de cas). La deuxième partie de la thèse consiste en une analyse transversale des quatre études de cas qui ont été élaborées autour des sept dimensions suivantes : le problème, les objectifs de santé de populations, les autres objectifs, les résultats, les acteurs, les processus et le contexte. L’analyse transversale porte principalement sur les avantages, les conditions facilitantes et les défis de l’action intersectorielle en santé, incluant une discussion sur le rôle et la légitimité du secteur santé en tant qu’instigateur du partenariat intersectoriel. Thesis Abstract Since the social determinants of health lie outside the conventional institutional health sector, intersectoral collaboration appears to be the strategy of choice to act on these determinants. As Jackson et al. note (2006), intersectoral collaboration and inter-organizational partnerships are cross-cutting actions that must occur at structural, social and personal levels, and they should be embedded in all strategies for health promotion put forward by the Ottawa Charter. But what does intersectoral collaboration mean, how it is lived, and how can these intersectoral processes be successful? The main objective of this research project is to contribute to the development of a conceptual framework for intersectoral action. That framework is developed from the literature and empirically validated by four case studies within a Quebec region (Chaudière-Appalaches). These four initiatives took place between 1997 and 2012: • Case 1: Program for the prevention of psychological distress among farmers • Case 2: Construction of a play park for children aged 0 to 5 years • Case 3: Program of collective kitchens in Beauce-Sartigan • Case 4: Program for the prevention of alcohol-impaired driving The first part of the thesis focuses on understanding terms related to intersectoriality in health by comparing the theoretical definitions (from a systematic review of scientific and grey literature) to the terminology used in the field (captured by conducting case studies). The second part of the thesis is a cross-sectional analysis of four case studies developed around the following seven dimensions: the problem, the population health objectives, other objectives, the outcomes, the actors, the processes and the context. This cross-sectional analysis focuses on the benefits, facilitating conditions and challenges of intersectoral action in health, including a discussion of the role and legitimacy of the health sector as an instigator of intersectoral partnerships.

Puisque les déterminants sociaux de la santé sont en dehors du secteur institutionnel conventionnel de la santé, la collaboration intersectorielle apparaît comme la stratégie de choix pour agir sur ces déterminants. Comme souligné par Jackson et coll. (2006), la collaboration intersectorielle et les partenariats interorganisationnels sont des actions transversales qui doivent se produire à des niveaux structurels, sociaux et personnels et qui doivent être imbriquées dans toutes les stratégies de promotion de la santé mises de l’avant par la Charte d’Ottawa. Mais que signifie la collaboration intersectorielle, comment est-elle vécue, et comment ces processus intersectoriels peuvent-ils être réussis? L’objectif principal de ce projet de recherche était de contribuer à l’élaboration d’un cadre conceptuel de l’action intersectorielle, développé à partir de la littérature disponible et validé empiriquement par quatre études de cas, à l’intérieur d’une région du Québec (Chaudière-Appalaches). Ces quatre initiatives se sont déroulées entre 1997 et 2012 : • Cas 1 : Programme de prévention de la détresse psychologique auprès des agriculteurs • Cas 2 : Construction du parc de jeu destiné aux enfants de 0 à 5 ans • Cas 3 : Programme de cuisines collectives à Beauce-Sartigan • Cas 4 : Programme de prévention de l’alcool au volant La première partie de la thèse se concentre sur la compréhension de termes reliés à l’intersectorialité en santé, en comparant les définitions théoriques (à partir d’une revue systématique de la littérature grise et scientifique) à la terminologie utilisée sur le terrain (à partir des études de cas). La deuxième partie de la thèse consiste en une analyse transversale des quatre études de cas qui ont été élaborées autour des sept dimensions suivantes : le problème, les objectifs de santé de populations, les autres objectifs, les résultats, les acteurs, les processus et le contexte. L’analyse transversale porte principalement sur les avantages, les conditions facilitantes et les défis de l’action intersectorielle en santé, incluant une discussion sur le rôle et la légitimité du secteur santé en tant qu’instigateur du partenariat intersectoriel. Thesis Abstract Since the social determinants of health lie outside the conventional institutional health sector, intersectoral collaboration appears to be the strategy of choice to act on these determinants. As Jackson et al. note (2006), intersectoral collaboration and inter-organizational partnerships are cross-cutting actions that must occur at structural, social and personal levels, and they should be embedded in all strategies for health promotion put forward by the Ottawa Charter. But what does intersectoral collaboration mean, how it is lived, and how can these intersectoral processes be successful? The main objective of this research project is to contribute to the development of a conceptual framework for intersectoral action. That framework is developed from the literature and empirically validated by four case studies within a Quebec region (Chaudière-Appalaches). These four initiatives took place between 1997 and 2012: • Case 1: Program for the prevention of psychological distress among farmers • Case 2: Construction of a play park for children aged 0 to 5 years • Case 3: Program of collective kitchens in Beauce-Sartigan • Case 4: Program for the prevention of alcohol-impaired driving The first part of the thesis focuses on understanding terms related to intersectoriality in health by comparing the theoretical definitions (from a systematic review of scientific and grey literature) to the terminology used in the field (captured by conducting case studies). The second part of the thesis is a cross-sectional analysis of four case studies developed around the following seven dimensions: the problem, the population health objectives, other objectives, the outcomes, the actors, the processes and the context. This cross-sectional analysis focuses on the benefits, facilitating conditions and challenges of intersectoral action in health, including a discussion of the role and legitimacy of the health sector as an instigator of intersectoral partnerships.