As the first major study of the portrait artist Bernard Fleetwood-Walker (1893-1965), this thesis locates the artist in his social, political and economic context, arguing that his portraiture can be seen as an exemplar of modernity. The portraits are shown to be responses to modern life, revealed not in formally avant-garde depictions, but in the subject-matter. Industrial growth, the increasing population, expanding suburbs, and a renewed interest in the outdoor life and popular entertainment are reflected in Fleetwood-Walker’s artistic output. The role played by exhibition culture in the creation of the portraits is analysed: developing retail theory affected gallery design and exhibition layout and in turn impacted on the size, subject matter and style of Fleetwood-Walker’s portraits. Emerging, and soon dominant, tabloid newspapers shaped content and language to attract readers, influencing the articulation of the reception of the artist’s work. This thesis also makes a contribution to the regional perspective, demonstrating the temporary co-existence of multiple, heterogeneous, modern art worlds. Throughout the thesis the relevance of economic factors is emphasised, reappraising the Marxist theory of modern art and concluding that a more complex economic description is required to provide a sensitive and insightful analysis of art history.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:32:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Miura completa.pdf: 3799606 bytes, checksum: 1778b15391f8bc3828a841637babe775 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The increase of the unemployment has increasingly contributed to the growth of the recyclable material collectors occupation in the streets of the big and medium Brazilian urban areas. In general, these people live on the edge of the social rights, excluded from the job market, with low rates of schooling and absence of all kind of technical capacitation, besides, many times, they have compromised health conditions. That being the case, the activity of collecting recyclable garbage represents one way of social insertion. Then the garbage and the collection constitute, in the middle of their lives, in their relationships and emotions, suffering and happiness. The present work has as objective to investigate how the social inclusion-exclusion process is particularized in these collectors everyday life, since the beginning of their exclusion history, in the school and familiar ambit, until the current occupation; analyzes intet personal relations links and breakups, distress, feelings, affections, and also the relation health-disease as one of the revealing dimensions of suffering. The information obtained was registered in field diary and record, being the research made through participant observation and semi-structured interviews. In the participant observation, the researcher followed the collectors in their everyday job activities and in their category meetings. The data analysis reveals that the collectors history of life is all marked by the social exclusion,and the current occupation reallyis, itself, another suffering among others already felt in previous times. The most frequent emotions are shame and humiliation,which specially come from the discrimination and prejudice. On the other hand, being a collector can also be a source of joy. On one side, for an ethical reason, that is to the possibility of the person to regain his own dignity to insert himself and to be socially recognized as honest worker, distinct from beggars and thieves. On the other side, for having been given the opportunity of organizing and mobilizing themselves together in the battle for better conditions of work and life, translated in the insistence of the group to make nationally official this job as a profession or, even, in changes of the proper routine of collecting recyclable material, which can be less isolated, more organized, cleaner and profitable. Moreover, they reveal feeling happiness when this activity allows them to obtain items until then inaccessible,as, for example, electrical appliances found in the garbage sometimes. About the health issue, these collectors do not believe that the collecting work is a risk indeed. For them, health, risk is, above all, not having food on the table, not having a place to live, neither having clothes to dress. They affirm that physical diseases caused by the work in the garbage can be treated; for the hunger, there is not cure. We can conclude that being a collector, mainly if he is member of an organized group, is a possibility of life potentialization for those who saw themselves excluded from the job market and without options, damaged in what refers to schooling and technical preparation / O aumento do desemprego tem contribuído acentuadamente para o crescimento da ocupação de catadores de material reciclável nas ruas dos grandes e médios centros urbanos brasileiros. Essas pessoas vivem, em geral, à margem dos direitos sociais, excluídas do mercado de trabalho, com baixos índices de escolarização e ausência de capacitação técnica de todo tipo, além de, muitas vezes, terem condições de saúde comprometidas. Sendo assim, a atividade de catar lixo reciclável representa uma certa forma de inserção social. O lixo e a catação se constituem, então, no centro de suas vidas, em suas relações e emoções, sofrimento e alegria. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar como o processo de exclusão-inclusão social se particulariza no dia-a-dia desses catadores, desde o início de sua história de exclusão, nos âmbitos familiar e escolar, até a atual ocupação; analisa relações interpessoais (vínculos e rupturas), sofrimentos, sentidos, afetos e, também, a relação saúde-doença como uma das dimensões reveladoras de sofrimento. As informações obtidas foram registradas em diário de campo e gravador, tendo a pesquisa sido realizada por meio de observação participante e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Na observação participante, a pesquisadora acompanhou os catadores em suas atividades cotidianas de trabalho e nos encontros da categoria. A análise dos dados revela que a história de vida dos catadores é toda marcada pela exclusão social, e a atual ocupação é, em si, na realidade, mais um sofrimento, dentre outros já sentidos em épocas anteriores. As emoções mais freqüentes são a vergonha e a humilhação, decorrentes sobretudo da discriminação e do preconceito. Em contrapartida, tomar-se catador pode ser também fonte de alegria. De um lado, por motivo ético, ou seja, pela possibilidade de o indivíduo recuperar a própria dignidade ao se inserir e ser reconhecido socialmente como trabalhador honesto, distinto de mendigos e de bandidos. De outro lado, por lhe dar a oportunidade de organizar-se e mobilizar-se coletivamente na luta por melhores condições de trabalho e de vida, traduzida na insistência do grupo em oficializar nacionalmente este trabalho como profissão ou, ainda, em mudanças na própria rotina da catação de material reciclável, que pode se tomar menos isolada, mais organizada, mais limpa e rentável. Além disso, revelam sentir alegria quando essa atividade lhes permite obter itens até então inacessíveis, como, por exemplo, eletrodomésticos achados às vezes no lixo. Sobre a questão da saúde, esses catadores não! acreditam que o trabalho de catação seja de fato um risco. Risco à saúde, para eles, é sobretudo não ter comida na mesa, não ter lugar para morar, nem roupa para vestir. Alegam que as doenças físicas provocadas pelo trabalho no lixo podem ser tratadas; já para a fome, não há cura. Conclui-se que tomar-se catador, principalmente se participante de um grupo organizado, é uma possibilidade de potencialização da vida para aquele que se via excluído do mercado de trabalho e sem opções, prejudicado no que se refere à escolaridade e à preparação técnica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reynaldo Schirmer Pecanha.pdf: 2933588 bytes, checksum: bc2897331b9c0249d58bc515d2a06db9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to verify if the recycling cooperatives implant the collectors of recyclable material, socioeconomically or not. The research was based on bibliographical and documentary review on the subject and also the comparative analysis of multi-case study in three recycling cooperatives located in São Paulo. We used to collect data from semi-structured interviews with cooperative members of these organizations and direct non-participant observation. The chosen approach was the analysis of qualitative data with the support of Atlas.ti software. The results will offer suggestions with proposals to managers, companies and policy makers so that the socio-economic inclusion is more effective. The main results of the study showed that the inclusion of collectors of recyclable material is processed with greater emphasis by the economic dimension in which the generation of employment and income become important factors to promote citizenship of these workers. It was observed in the cooperatives eager, but little effectiveness in implementing programs aimed at the social dimension as inclusion factor, in which the categories 'education' and 'health' could have priority in their management. It's worth mentioning that the analyzed recycling cooperatives comply with their proposals to provide access to work and therefore income. However, gaps in the social dimension could be minimized by the most action of public authorities and companies, in partnership with these collective social enterprises, in drafting of strategic plans that seek to actions aimed at increasing access to health and education programs and professional training of collectors / Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se as cooperativas de reciclagem inserem socioeconomicamente ou não os catadores de material reciclável. A pesquisa baseou-se na revisão bibliográfica e documental sobre o tema e também na análise comparativa de estudo multicasos em três cooperativas de reciclagem localizadas na capital paulista. Utilizou-se a coleta de dados a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os cooperados dessas organizações e da observação direta não participante. O enfoque escolhido foi a análise de dados qualitativos com o apoio do software Atlas.ti. Os resultados permitirão oferecer sugestões com propostas aos gestores, empresas e formuladores de políticas públicas a fim de que a inclusão socioeconômica seja mais efetiva. Os principais resultados da pesquisa apontaram que a inclusão dos catadores e catadoras de material reciclável se processa com maior ênfase pela dimensão econômica, na qual a geração de trabalho e renda tornam-se fatores preponderantes para promover a cidadania desses trabalhadores. Observou-se por parte das cooperativas muita vontade, mas pouca efetividade na implementação de programas que visem à dimensão social como fator de inclusão, na qual as categorias educação e saúde poderiam ter prioridade em suas gestões. Vale destacar que as cooperativas de reciclagem analisadas cumprem com suas propostas de prover acesso a trabalho e, consequentemente, renda. No entanto, as lacunas encontradas na dimensão social poderiam ser minimizadas pela maior ação do poder público e das empresas, em parcerias com esses empreendimentos sociais coletivos, na elaboração de planos estratégicos que busquem ações direcionadas para maior acesso à saúde e aos programas de educação e capacitação profissional dos catadores de material reciclável

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-15T13:01:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizandra Machado Ogliari_.pdf: 3447300 bytes, checksum: 9571434ce3c3036a37c4afc86c11a56d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T13:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizandra Machado Ogliari_.pdf: 3447300 bytes, checksum: 9571434ce3c3036a37c4afc86c11a56d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / A melhoria nos processos produtivos em busca da eficiência na produção de novos bens e o crescimento populacional acompanhado pela elevação no consumo, ocasionam uma crescente geração de resíduos sólidos. Verifica-se que os problemas ambientais são decorrentes do perfil de consumo que as pessoas passaram a adotar ao longo dos anos, porém há um aumento de preocupação com a destinação adequada dos resíduos sólidos gerados pela sociedade. O reflexo desta preocupação são leis que foram criadas para proteger o meio ambiente. Um marco na legislação brasileira foi a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, que busca com o apoio dos empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis, realizar uma gestão correta dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. No entanto, no país, os empreendimentos que realizam a coleta, triagem e comercialização de resíduos sólidos, possuem níveis elevados de rejeitos ocasionados nas atividades internas. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos em dois empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis localizados na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS para propor, a partir destes estudos, ações voltadas ao aumento da eficiência de triagem dos empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis instalados em vários municípios brasileiros. Foi possível observar que variáveis externas às atividades dos empreendimentos de catadores de materiais recicláveis, como veículo utilizado na coleta, influenciam nos níveis de rejeitos encaminhados aos aterros. Gerencialmente, a coleta seletiva é mais eficaz para obter melhor aproveitamento dos materiais potencialmente recicláveis. A COOTRE que realiza a coleta seletiva de RSU com caminhão com carroceria e tria com a esteira parada, apresenta eficiência de 97,1% na triagem dos materiais potencialmente recicláveis. Já a COOPERESÍDUOS que recebe RSU procedentes da coleta regular realizada com caminhão compactador e opera a triagem em uma esteira com velocidade de 20m/min, possui eficiência de 15,6% na triagem de materiais potencialmente recicláveis. Cabe considerar, contudo que, embora percentualmente esta eficiência seja bem menor que a da outra cooperativa, em função da quantidade de resíduos coletados nesta forma (regular com posterior triagem) ser muito maior, o resultado financeiro ainda é superior. A efetiva melhoria no processo está na mudança do sistema de coleta, de regular para seletiva, já que na coleta regular realizada hoje em São Leopoldo, 59,7% do total coletado é inadequado à reciclagem de inertes. Estes resíduos nem deveriam passar por qualquer triagem, sendo encaminhados diretamente para área de disposição final. / The improvement in production processes in pursuit of efficiency in the production of consumer goods and population growth accompanied by an increase in consumption, cause an increasing solid waste generation. It appears that environmental problems are arising from the consumption profile that people have adopted over the years, but there is a concern increased with the proper disposal of solid waste generated by society. The reflection of this concern are laws that are designed to protect the environment. A milestone in Brazilian law was the National Solid Waste Policy, which seeks the support of pickers of recyclable materials enterprises, conduct proper management of municipal solid waste. However, in the country, the enterprises that carry out the collection, sorting and marketing of solid waste, have caused high levels of waste in the internal activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the management of municipal solid waste in two projects of recyclable material collectors located in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre / RS to propose, from these studies, actions aimed at increasing the enterprises screening efficiency of recyclable material collectors installed in various municipalities. It was observed that external variables to the activities of waste pickers ventures as a vehicle used in the collection, influence the levels of waste sent to landfills. Management, selective collection is more effective for better use of potentially recyclable materials. The COOTRE that performs the selective collection of MSW with truck body and with industry to stop treadmill, shows 97,1% efficiency in the screening of potentially recyclable materials. COOPERESÍDUOS already receiving MSW coming from the regular collection held with compactor truck and operates screening on a treadmill at a speed of 20m / min, it has 15,6% efficiency in the screening of potentially recyclable materials. It is worth noting, however, that although this percentage efficiency is much lower than that of the other cooperative, depending on the amount of waste collected in this way (with subsequent regular screening) be much larger, the financial result is even higher. The actual process improvement lies in changing the collection system regularly for selective, since the regular collection held today in São Leopoldo, 59,7% of the total collected is inadequate recycling of aggregates. This waste should not go through any screening being sent directly to final disposal area.

Οι ανανεώσιμες πηγές ενέργειας (ΑΠΕ), όπως η ηλιακή και αιολική ενέργεια μπορούν να προσφέρουν εναλλακτικούς τρόπους παραγωγής ενέργειας. Κάθε μορφή ΑΠΕ έχει τις δικές της ιδιομορφίες και μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν είτε σε μεγάλες εγκαταστάσεις παραγωγής ηλεκτρικής και θερμικής ενέργειας είτε σε μικρότερες μονάδες όπως στα κτίρια. Ενδιαφέρον παρουσιάζει η συνδυασμένη αξιοποίηση των παραπάνω ενεργειακών πηγών, ιδίως για την κάλυψη των ηλεκτρικών και θερμικών αναγκών των κτιρίων. Αντικείμενο της διπλωματικής αυτής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη ενός συστήματος αποτελούμενο από μικρή ανεμογεννήτρια, φωτοβολταϊκά πλαίσια και θερμικό ηλιακό συλλέκτη. Αρχικά γίνεται αναφορά στα επιμέρους συστήματα ΑΠΕ από τα οποία αποτελείται η εγκατάσταση. Στη συνέχεια, αναλύονται τα μετεωρολογικά δεδομένα της περιοχής και ακολουθεί η ενεργειακή μελέτη της συμπεριφοράς του υβριδικού συστήματος. Το κύριο θέμα που εξετάζεται είναι η παροχή ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας για θέρμανση του νερού σε περιπτώσεις που υπάρχει πλεόνασμα ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας. Επίσης αναλύεται η προοπτική συνδυασμού υβριδικών/φωτοβολταϊκών συλλεκτών με Α/Γ. Τέλος παρατίθενται τα συμπεράσματα και οι εκτιμήσεις σχετικά με τη συμπεριφορά του υβριδικού συστήματος στις μεταβολές της ταχύτητας του ανέμου και της ηλιακής ακτινοβολίας σε ημερήσια και ετήσια βάση. / The renewable energy sources (RES) like solar and wind energy can offer an alternative solution to produce power. Each form of RES, has its own specifications and they can applied in big installations of production electric and thermal energy or in smaller units as the buildings. This thesis investigates the performance of a system consist of a small wind turbine, solar photovoltaic modules and solar thermal collector. In the beginning, the design and components of installation is presented. Then, the measured data are used to analyzed the meteorological condition of test site and evaluate the performance of the hybrid system. The main concept, regarding the energy use of electrical to heat water in case that there is surplus of it, is presented. Finally conclusions and considerations about the behavior of hybrid system from the daily and yearly variation of wind speed and solar radiation are included.

No description available.

The history of collection at the National Gallery of Canada, the Art Gallery of Ontario and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, illustrates concepts of race in the development of museums in Canada from before Confederation to today. Located at intersections of Art History, Museology, Postcolonial Studies and Native Studies, this thesis uses discourse theory to trouble definitions of nation and problematize them as inherently racial constructs wherein 'Canadianness' is institutionalized as a dominant white, Euro-Canadian discourse that mediates belonging. The recent reinstallations of the permanent Canadian historical art galleries at the National Gallery of Canada, the Art Gallery of Ontario and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts are significant in their illustration of contemporary colonial collection practices. The effectiveness of each installation is discussed in relation to the demands and resistances raised by Indigenous and non-Native artists and cultural professionals over the last 40 years, against racist treatment of Indigenous arts.

Solar energy is a virtually inexhaustible energy resource, and thus, has great potential in helping meet many of our future energy requirements. Current technology used for solar energy conversion, however, is not cost effective. In addition, solar thermal power systems are also generally less efficient as compared to fossil fuel based thermal power plants. There is a large variety of systems for solar thermal power generation, each with certain advantages and disadvantages. A distinct advantage of solar thermal power generation systems is that they can be easily integrated with a storage system and/or with an auxiliary heating system (as in hybrid power systems) to provide stable and reliable power. Also, as the power block of a solar thermal plant resembles that of a conventional thermal power plant, most of the equipment and technology used is already well defined, and hence does not require major break through research for effective utilisation. Manufacturing of components, too, can be easily indigenized. A solar collector field is generally used for solar thermal energy conversion. The field converts high grade radiation energy to low grade heat energy, which will inevitably involve energy losses as per the laws of thermodynamics. The 2nd law of thermodynamics requires that a certain amount of heat energy cannot be utilised and has to be rejected as waste heat. This limits the efficiency of solar thermal energy technology. However, in many situations, the waste heat can be effectively utilized to perform refrigeration and desalination using absorption or solid sorption systems, with technologies popularly known as “polygeneration”. There is extensive research done in the area of solar collectors, including but not limiting to thermal analysis, testing of solar collectors, and economic analysis of solar collectors. Exergy and optimization analyses have also been done for certain solar collector configurations. Research on solar thermal power plants includes energy analysis at system level with certain configurations. Research containing analysis with insolation varying throughout the day is limited. Hence, there is scope for analysis incorporating diurnal variation of insolation for a solar thermal power system. This thesis centres on the thermodynamic analysis at system level of a solar thermal power system using a concentrating solar collector field and a simple Rankine cycle power generation (with steam as the working fluid) for Indian conditions. The aim is to develop a tool for thermodynamic analysis of solar thermal power systems, with a generalised approach that can also be used with different solar collector types, different heat transfer fluids in the primary loop, and also different working fluids in the secondary loop. This analysis emphasises the solar collector field and a basic sensible heat storage system, and investigates the various energy and exergy losses present. Comparisons have been made with and without a storage unit and resulting performance issues of solar thermal power plants have been studied. Differences between the system under consideration and commercially used thermal power plants have also been discussed, which brought out certain limitations of the technology currently in use. A solution from an optimization analysis has been utilized and modified for maximization of exergy generated at collector field. The analysis has been done with models incorporating equations using the laws of thermodynamics. MATLAB has been used to program and simulate the models. Solar radiation data used is from NREL’s Indian Solar Resource Data, which is obtained using their SUNY model by interpreting satellite imagery. The performance of the system has been analysed for Bangalore for four different days with different daylight durations, each day having certain differences in the incident solar radiation or insolation received. A particular solution of an optimization analysis has been modified using the simulation model developed and analysed with the objective of maximization of exergy generated at collector field. It has been found that the performance of the solar thermal power system was largely dependent on the variation of incident solar radiation. The storage system provided a stableperformance for short duration interruptions of solar radiation occurred on Autumn Equinox (23-09-2002).The duration of the interruption was within the limits of storage unit capacity. The major disruption in insolation transpired on Summer Solstice (21-06-2002) caused a significantly large drop in the solar thermal system performance; practically the system ceased to function due to lack of energy resource. Hence, the use of an auxiliary heating system hasbeen considered desirable. The absence of a storage unit has been shown to cause a significant loss in gross performance of the power system. The Rankine cycle turbine had many issues coping with a highly fluctuating energy input, and thus caused efficiency losses and even ceased power generation. A storage unit has been found to be ideal for steady power generation purposes. Some commercial configurations may lack a storage system, but they have been compensated by the auxiliary heating system to ensure stable power generation. The optimization of the solar collector determines that optimal collector temperatures vary in accordance to the incident solar radiation. Hence, the collector fluid outlet temperature must not be fixed so as to handle varying insolation for optimal exergy extraction. The optimal temperatures determined for Bangalore are around 576 K which is close to the values obtained by the simulation of the solar thermal power system. The tools for analysis and simulation of solar thermal power plants developed in this thesis is fairly generalised, as it can be adapted for various types of solar collectors and for different working fluids (other than steam), such as for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The model can also be easily extended to other types of power cycles such as Brayton and Stirling cycles.

BRASIL, Kecya Nayane Lucena. Identidades em construção: conhecendo as narrativas da história de vida dos catadores de materiais recicláveis de Icó-Ceará. 2015. 108f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-20T12:02:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_knlbrasil.pdf: 1655113 bytes, checksum: 10d253e97ff2037da82cd6e81ccd8bd4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-20T12:22:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_knlbrasil.pdf: 1655113 bytes, checksum: 10d253e97ff2037da82cd6e81ccd8bd4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-20T12:22:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_dis_knlbrasil.pdf: 1655113 bytes, checksum: 10d253e97ff2037da82cd6e81ccd8bd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / A identidade é o processo que leva à diferenciação do indivíduo de todos os outros, assim como o influencia na representação de diferentes papéis sociais, tornando-o único e semelhante ao mesmo tempo. Esse processo pode se construir através de formas de reconhecimento. O sujeito pode ser reconhecido pelo outro em seu valor, respeitado e admirado, mas também pode ser um reconhecimento perverso, quando há um processo de exclusão mascarado por uma falsa inclusão. A identidade do catador de material reciclável tem se destacado por um reconhecimento marcado por características de estigma e exclusão, isso devido às opiniões negativas que diminuem a atividade com o lixo. Esse reconhecimento parece estar se modificando. O catador tem alcançado um destaque nacional como importante agente ambiental. E isso porque a problemática do meio ambiente se tornou o centro das discussões mundiais, busca-se preservá-lo, a fim de garantir a sobrevivência do planeta. Uma das estratégias utilizadas no cuidado ambiental é a reciclagem (atividade exercida pelos catadores), processo que permite a reutilização do material descartado, diminuindo, assim, seu volume no meio. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender como está ocorrendo o processo de construção identitária dos catadores de materiais recicláveis que realizam suas atividades no lixão da cidade de Icó-CE, buscando, para isso, conhecer suas histórias de vida, o processo de reconhecimento nas relações sociais e suas experiências com o trabalho. A pesquisa tem uma perspectiva qualitativa. O método utilizado foi o de Narrativas de História de Vida, que surge como possibilidade para os indivíduos apresentarem suas identidades, vistas como metamorfoses em busca de reconhecimento. Três catadores participaram da pesquisa, Pedro, Marta e José. As histórias apresentadas destacam a presença de alguns personagens como: o trabalhador, o catador, o responsável pela família e o sonhador. Os catadores tiveram uma infância permeada pela escassez de alimento, falta de educação adequada, e trabalho infantil. A catação surge como alternativa ao desemprego e possibilidade de manter a sobrevivência da família. Verbalizam acerca de sua importância ambiental, mas, ao mesmo tempo, não percebem esse reconhecimento na sociedade. Na verdade, percebem um não reconhecimento, pois são desvalorizados e, por vezes, humilhados.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:43:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoSSJ_DISSERT.pdf: 1787707 bytes, checksum: 43dde43d6a3eb1e5d3dd4888ccb3c5b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Nowadays, as well as in the past decades, the dumping of biodegradable organic waste in landfill is common practice in Brazil, as well as in most parts of the world. Nevertheless due to its rapid decomposition and release of odors, this practice hamper?s the operation and implementation of a recycling system. These facts encouraged our research to find an efficient system for the management of organic waste, not only for the use of official workers responsible for managing these wastes, but also for non-governmental institutions. The Recycling for Life Community Association ? ACREVI (Associa??o Comunit?ria Reciclando para a Vida), together with the municipal authorities of Mossor?-RN, Brazil, have assumed the social role of collecting and recycling solid waste produced by most of the local population. However, it was observed that the organic waste it collected was not receiving any treatment. This present work aims to make compost with mixed waste (green waste and organic household), and then do chemical analysis of the material in view to use the waste as organic fertilizer. The objective being: to share the knowledge acquired by putting it into a very simple language accessible to people with little education. The experiment was conducted at ACREVI, Mossor? (RN), and the compost was obtained following the method "windrow", forming three cells (I, II, III) with conical shape, dimensions of 1.6 meters and 2.0 meters in diameter for cells I and II, and 1.0 meters high and 2.0 meters in diameter for cell III. The process was accompanied by analysis: CHN elemental, a variation of cell temperature, humidity, pH, TKN, bulk density, nutrients and heavy metals. Stabilized organic compounds reached the C/N ratio of 10.4/1 cell I and 10.4/1 in the cell II in the cell, showing how good soil conditions, with potential to improve the physical properties of any soil and pH acid soils, has presented the cell III at the end of the process the C/N 26/1, is a high ratio may be associated with the stack size III, thus changing the optimal conditions for the occurrence of the process. The levels of heavy metals in the analyzed compounds were lower than those established by the SDA normative instruction, N? 27, of 5 June, 2006. The use of pruning trees and grass are used in small-scale composting, while generating a quality compost in the final process, it also created an important condition for a correct sizing of the composting piles. Under the studied conditions it is not advisable to use cells with a height of 1.00 m in height and 2.00 m in diameter, as these do not prevent the rapid dissipation of heat and thus can not be a good product at the end of composting. The composting process in the shed of the association and the preparation of the primer enabled the development of an alternative technology to generate income for members of ACREVI. / Durante d?cadas e ainda hoje no Brasil, assim como em muitos pa?ses do mundo a deposi??o de res?duos org?nicos biodegrad?veis em aterro foi uma pr?tica muito comum, pois a r?pida decomposi??o e a libera??o de odores destes res?duos dificultam a operacionaliza??o e aplica??o de um sistema de reciclagem. Estes fatos incentivam ? busca de medidas eficientes para a gest?o de res?duos org?nicos n?o s? nas entidades oficiais respons?veis pela gest?o destes res?duos, mas tamb?m nas institui??es n?o governamentais. A Associa??o Comunit?ria Reciclando para a Vida ACREVI, com o apoio da prefeitura municipal de Mossor?, Brasil, tem assumido o papel social da coleta e reciclagem de res?duos s?lidos produzido por grande parte da popula??o local. Por?m, observou-se que os res?duos org?nicos que ela coleta n?o est?o recebendo qualquer tratamento. Nesse trabalho objetivou-se realizar a compostagem com misturas de res?duos urbanos (res?duos verdes e org?nicos domiciliares), fazer a an?lise qu?mica desse material, tendo em vista sua utiliza??o como adubo org?nico, e repassar o conhecimento produzido em linguagem bem simples e acess?vel a pessoas com baixa escolaridade via produ??o de uma cartilha de compostagem. O experimento foi realizado na ACREVI, Mossor? (RN) e o produto da compostagem foi obtido seguindo o m?todo windrow , formando tr?s pilhas (I, II, III) com formato c?nico, dimens?es de 1,6 metros de altura e 2,0 metros de di?metro para as pilhas I e II, e 1,0 metro de altura e 2,0 metros de di?metro para a pilha III. O processo foi acompanhado atrav?s das an?lises: elementar de CHN, varia??o de temperatura da pilha, grau de umidade, pH, NTK, densidade aparente, metais pesados e nutrientes. Os compostos org?nicos estabilizados atingiram a rela??o C/N de 10,4/1 na pilha I e 10,4/1 na pilha II, mostrando-se como bons condicionantes de solo, apresentando potencial para melhorar as propriedades f?sicas de qualquer solo e o pH de solos ?cidos, j? a pilha III apresentou no final do processo rela??o C/N 26/1, est? alta rela??o pode ser associada ao tamanho da pilha III, alterando desta forma as condi??es ideais para ocorr?ncia do processo. Os teores de metais pesados analisados nos compostos foram inferiores aos estabelecidos pela instru??o normativa SDA, N? 27 de 05 de Junho de 2006. O uso de podas de arvores e gramas, utilizadas na compostagem em pequena escala, ao mesmo tempo em que gerou um composto de qualidade no produto final do processo, tamb?m criou uma condi??o importante para um correto dimensionamento das pilhas de compostagem. Nas condi??es estudadas n?o ? aconselh?vel utilizar pilhas com altura de 1,00 m de altura e 2,00 m de di?metro, pois estas n?o impedem a r?pida dissipa??o de calor e assim n?o se consegue um bom produto no final da compostagem. O processo de compostagem no galp?o da associa??o e a elabora??o da cartilha viabilizou o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia alternativa de gera??o de renda para os associados da ACREVI