It is often assumed that significant differences existed between Great Britain and France with regards to their respective styles of colonial administration. Some researchers have asserted that this difference in colonial administration has affected post-colonial economic and political development in Africa. This paper offers some theoretical, anecdotal, and econometric evidence questioning the validity of these assumptions. This paper also examines some commonly encountered problems associated with econometric analyses of African development: namely, the availability and reliability of data, and the difficulty in operationalizing and measuring political development in Africa.

Licenciada en artes con mención en teoría e historia del arte / Las obras que trataremos en esta investigación no pertenecen a su tiempo, estética y lugar; las riquezas que éstas tienen, no se reducen a su plasticidad ni al reconocimiento de sus artistas; el valor que en ellas se encuentra se evidencia en la elección premeditada de una orden que, para 1840, buscaría mantener viva una tradición centenaria, de allí que surgiría la serie del Santoral Dominico que a continuación conoceremos.

This dissertation examines psychoanalysis in a colonial context, tracing its history in early to mid-twentieth century India. A rich, neglected archive of diaries, letters, administrative documents, as well as psychoanalytical and literary writing in Bengali and English, are drawn on to offer an account of the Indian Psychoanalytical Society (est. 1921), and the anthropologists, doctors, army officers and political figures who were in different ways intimately involved with psychoanalysis. Reconstructing these narratives, and by means of a close reading of texts by Freud, I suggest that the understandings of temporality, sexuality and authority in Freudian psychoanalysis resist colonial discourses of progress and civilisation, notably in relation to the category of the 'primitive', thus frustrating attempts to appropriate the theory for colonial endeavours. In this thesis, psychoanalysis is both an object of historical study, and a form of questioning, part of colonial history and a body of writing and theory available for contested readings. I discuss writing by two colonial psychoanalysts, Lt. Colonel Claud Daly, and Owen A.R. Berkeley Hill, which combines an investment in psychoanalysis with commitment to Empire, based on a desire for all-knowing psychic and political mastery. In contrast, the memoirs of renowned psychoanalyst Wilfred Bion, recounting his childhood in India, are read for their more complex psychic register and anti-colonial strain. Records left by dream-collecting colonial administrators in the Naga Hills, and documents relating to the trial and 'insanity plea' of revolutionary nationalist Gopinath Saha, show us the historical operations of psychoanalysis in collective life. In addition, literary writing by the modernist poet H.D., Temsula Ao, Bankimcandra Chatterji, and Rabindranath Tagore, offers another template for examining the issues raised by both the historical and psychoanalytical writing.

My dissertation is about forms of locally-based piety, especially religious devotion within the population of eighteenth-century Spanish descendants in Monterrey, Mexico. This study takes the reader through the structure of the colonial last will and testament, identifying its principle parts, analyzing its formulaic language, and discerning ways to hear the voice of its testator. Reineros, or colonial residents of Monterrey, entrusted scribes to write their wills in order to care for their souls in the afterlife and bequeath their possessions to family members, friends, and the church. Testators demonstrate their piety by issuing directives concerning their burials and funerals and making pious bequests to benefit church adornment, chapels, charities, and devotions to images. I identify trends in piety over time and offer a proposal for understanding the context of these variations. I propose that Monterrey’s distance from other urban centers made it a distinctive frontier town in northeast Mexico, where a baroque-infused piety dominated local religious practices even after the creation of the diocese in 1777. However, I demonstrate that late eighteenth-century and early nineteenth-century testators, although still concerned for their individual souls, requested fewer masses for the dead to benefit their souls and the souls of others, made fewer charitable gifts, and disregarded showy funerals for the sake of humility. What emerges, then, is a blend of baroque practices and pious reforms. “En el Nombre de Dios” is a case study about the staying power of traditions and the enduring flexibility of religion.

The Marianas, a chain of small tropical islands in western Micronesia, were the first to be subjected to colonisation in the Pacific and are among the last to move into self-governance. The islands were administered as a Spanish colony for 230 years following establishment of a Jesuit mission in 1668. The United States claimed Guam during the Spanish-American War in 1898, while Germany then Japan and finally the United States governed the Northern Marianas. This long period of colonisation largely obliterated the native Chamorros' consciousness of an indigenous past. Rapid social changes that began in the 1960s had severely undermined the Chamorro sense of identity by the beginning of the 1980s. Counterforces, however, were beginning to take shape, driven by local as well as international movements. Using Chamorro art as a theme, this thesis traces the history of the native people and their cultural transformations which defined their identity as a continuing cultural group, despite their loss of an indigenous history. Recent social, economic and political changes have triggered a movement to express their identity as a people separate from their colonisers. Indigenous artists are involved in a renaissance of artistic creation that draws on perceptions of their pre-contact culture for inspiration. Chapters explore the beginnings of a self-conscious cultural awareness and subsequent reconstruction of their ancient history, expressed through neo-traditional creations of song, dance and visual art forms. Their sources of inspiration and processes of creating identity symbols from an ancient past are revealed through extensive interviews and fieldwork. Indigenous ways of looking at history and perceptions of both insiders and outsiders regarding validation of these art forms are discussed in terms of local examples which are compared to Pacific and global movements of decolonisation and identity formation. The text is referenced by an appendix of over 150 photographic examples of Chamorro art and artefacts from museums, historical documents and fieldwork

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When Beverley Kingston remarked some years ago that the governess remained one of the ‘most elusive figures in the whole of Australian history’, she effectively exposed the gap in our knowledge about the lives of a relatively large body of women who had been employed as teachers in private families and ladies’ schools for the best part of a century. In Australia the experience of women who spent part of their lives, or indeed, a whole lifetime, as a governess has remained obscure. This is not surprising for governesses like most women, or perhaps it should be said, more than most women, were not found in public places but lived out their lives in private places, the home, the nursery, and the schoolroom. (For complete preface open document)

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis examines the lives of 142 convict men and boys who were assigned to the Tocal estate in the Hunter Valley of New South Wales. The study is based on a detailed reconstruction of their assignment and punishment records that were destroyed in the nineteenth century, complemented by other, personal information. The study tests the findings of previous, broader studies of New South Wales convicts against the data collected for the Tocal estate, develops an in-depth understanding of the day-to-day operation of the estate’s nearly all-convict workforce, and demonstrates how changes in policies of colonial convict administration impacted on the individual lives of Tocal’s convicts and on the estate itself. Case studies and micro-narratives reveal a picture of the lives of the convict men and boys assigned to Tocal and provide a window through which to glimpse their inner, personal worlds, to listen for the faint echoes of their voices and to appreciate their individual responses to their bondage, their heartbreaks and hopes, joys and fears, pleasures and pain as they served their time at Tocal. The thesis exposes the dynamics of assignment in action, explores convict working conditions, lifestyle and interaction with Aborigines at Tocal. It reveals the complex web of power relations between master and convict servants, the nature and extent of secondary punishment, the struggle for many to achieve emancipation and their fate once free. The level of local detail and analysis provided is uncommon among studies of convicts in New South Wales, enabling a closer examination of some of the more contentious and problematic claims of convict historiography, and in the process, partly supporting and partly disputing some revisionist interpretations. The thesis proposes that the complex and diverse individual experiences of Tocal's convicts are best understood, not by sweeping generalisations, but by a conceptual framework encompassing a series of dualisms or dichotomies that include paternalism and punishment, domination and resistance, deference and defiance, mateship and collaboration, trust and betrayal, freedoms and restraints, and cruelty and comfort.