The Colors at Tambo colorado: A ReevaluationThe research visit to the Inca site of Tambo Colorado, in the Pisco Valley, reported on in this paper took place a hundred years after the visit of Max Uhle’s. Tambo Colorado takes its name from the many colors that adorn its walls. It is one of the aims of the present project to determine whether or not the colors have any architectural or symbolic significance. So far, the research suggests that there is a close correlation between the site’s layout, the highly hierarchical organization of its spaces, and the distribution of colors. / Cien años después de Max Uhle, los autores visitaron nuevamente el sitio inca de Tambo Colorado, ubicado en el valle de Pisco, con el fin de llevar a cabo investigaciones en este complejo que debe su nombre a los muchos colores que adornan sus muros y estructuras. Uno de los objetivos del proyecto actual es determinar si dichos colores tuvieron algún significado arquitectónico o simbólico. Hasta el momento, las investigaciones sugieren que existe, efectivamente, una correlación bien estrecha entre el trazado del sitio, la organización bastante jerárquica de los espacios y la distribución de los colores.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Matthew Lee White. / M.C.P.

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The vast majority of large river systems in the United States cross (or comprise) one or more state lines, creating numerous administrative challenges. Addressing these multijurisdictional challenges in an efficient and equitable manner often requires the development of sophisticated institutional arrangements. Several types of "regional organizations" have been created for this purpose, including compact commissions, interstate councils, basin interagency committees, interagency-interstate commissions, federal-interstate compact commissions, federal regional agencies, and the single federal administrator format. These organizations feature a wide variety of authorities and responsibilities; what they inevitably share in common is a hostile political environment, a consequence of political geography and bureaucratic entrenchment. In this study, the challenges associated with the governance, administration, and management of interstate water resources are examined, using the Colorado River Basin as a case study. The Colorado is the only major river in the United States utilizing the "single federal administrator" format, an institutional arrangement that is often criticized for its subordination of the states and its concentration of policy-making authorities in the hands of administrators. When evaluated against carefully defined normative criteria, the Colorado is shown to feature many institutional deficiencies that are, in part, derivative of the Colorado's unique institutional arrangements. The primary objective of this study is to determine if the governance and management of the Colorado could be improved by the establishment of an alternative form of regional water organization. It is concluded that a type of federal-interstate compact commission, if carefully tailored to the political realities of the region, could improve many of the observed institutional deficiencies. This study also presents a widely-applicable methodology for the description and evaluation of institutional arrangements.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar y analizar el Índice de Progreso Social (IPS) del distrito de Cerro Colorado – Arequipa en el 2019. El progreso social es punto de partida para las instituciones públicas y privadas, teniendo los alcances de los distritos que componen las regiones del Perú, donde las comunidades serán consideradas prósperas cuando cuenten con los medios para satisfacer las necesidades básicas humanas, establecer fundamentos para mejorar y mantener su calidad de vida y crear las oportunidades para que todas las personas alcancen su pleno potencial. La metodología de la investigación está dentro de un contexto de investigación exploratoria de índole cuantitativa, no experimental y transaccional con alcance descriptivo; siguiendo la metodología del Social Progress Imperative, utilizando el cuestionario como instrumento para recolectar los datos obtenidos de las encuestas basado en 51 preguntas efectuadas a cada jefe de hogar en las cuatro zonas que comprende el distrito de Cerro Colorado; luego proceder con el levantamiento de información y análisis estadístico de la muestra determinada por 384 hogares, siendo la recolección de datos a través de la encuesta como fuente primaria, así como fuentes secundarias provenientes de entidades del Estado. Los resultados se fundamentan de acuerdo a las dimensiones y los componentes del distrito, donde se obtuvo como resultado un valor de 61.75 puntos en una escala de 0 a 100, ubicándolo en el nivel “Medio Bajo”. Por tanto, tiene correlación con la clasificación del IPS del departamento de Arequipa 2017 con 63.71 puntos. Se ha demostrado que las principales fortalezas están basadas en los indicadores de nutrición y cuidados básicos, agua y saneamiento, vivienda; las cuales conforman la dimensión de Necesidades Humanas Básicas. Asimismo, los indicadores de acceso al conocimiento básico, acceso a la información y telecomunicaciones; que son parte de la dimensión de Fundamentos de Bienestar. Por otro lado, los indicadores de libertad personal y de elección, tolerancia e inclusión social siendo parte de la dimensión de Oportunidades. Por el contrario, las debilidades y oportunidades de mejora donde se debe de proponer planes de acción, trabajo en conjunto con entidades públicas y privadas; reflejadas en los indicadores de seguridad personal de la dimensión de Necesidad Humanas Básicas; salud y bienestar, sostenibilidad ambiental de la dimensión de Fundamentos de Bienestar y por último los indicadores de derechos personales, acceso a la educación superior de la dimensión de Oportunidades. Con esta información se podrá identificar la capacidad que tiene la población del distrito de Cerro Colorado en convertir el crecimiento económico en mejores resultados sociales y ambientales, con la finalidad de tomar mejores decisiones para la inversión social y la implementación de políticas públicas consolidado en un plan estratégico. / The goal of this research work is to determine and analyze the Social Progress Index (IPS) of the district of Cerro Colorado - Arequipa in 2019. Social progress is a starting point for public and private institutions, having the reach of the districts that make up the regions of Peru, where communities will be considered prosperous when they have the means to meet basic human needs, establish foundations to improve and maintain their quality of life and create opportunities for all people to reach their full potential. The research methodology is within a context of quantitative, non-experimental and transactional exploratory research with descriptive scope; following the methodology of the Social Progress Imperative, using the questionnaire as an instrument to collect the data obtained from the surveys based on 51 questions asked of each head of household in the four areas that make up the district of Cerro Colorado; then proceed with the collection of information and statistical analysis of the sample determined by 384 households, being the collection of data through the survey as a primary source, as well as secondary sources from state entities. The results are based on the dimensions and components of the district, where the result was of 61.75 points obtained on a scale of 0 to 100, placing it at the "Medium Low" level. Therefore, it correlates with the IPS classification of the department of Arequipa 2017 with 63.71 points. It has been shown that the main strengths due to on the indicators of nutrition and basic care, water and sanitation, housing; which conform the dimension of Basic Human Needs. Likewise, the indicators of access to basic knowledge, access to information and telecommunications; which are part of the Wellbeing Foundations dimension. On the other hand, indicators of personal freedom and choice, tolerance and social inclusion being part of the Opportunities dimension. Otherwise, weaknesses and opportunities for improvement where action plans must be proposed, working together with public and private entities; reflected in the personal safety indicators of the Basic Human Needs dimension; health and well-being, environmental sustainability of the Wellbeing Foundations dimension and finally personal rights indicators, access to higher education from the Opportunities dimension. With this information, the capacity of the population of the district of Cerro Colorado to convert economic growth into better social and environmental results can be identified, in order to make better decisions for social investment and the implementation of public policies consolidated in a plan strategic.

Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Architecture / Jason Brody / This report examines the use of bicycling as a transportation alternative to the personal automobile in the United States. It begins with a review of historical trends that caused Americans to move away from bicycling for transportation and choosing to adopt automobiles as the primary mode of transportation. A review of articles, reports, and studies is used to consider the benefits connected with utilitarian cycling and electing to bicycle for transportation. The report focuses on three prominent barriers that affect an individual‟s decision to bicycle: bicycle safety, bicycle consciousness, and bicycle infrastructure. The study discusses how these three obstacles are considerable factors affecting bicycling. The study also discusses a number of exemplary solutions for overcoming these barriers that have been implemented in bicycle-friendly cities in the United States. An analysis of plans and policies for the bicycle-friendly cities of Portland, Oregon and Davis, California is used to determine what historical actions have led to a more complete bicycle network in these two cities which have elected to promote bicycling. An in-depth evaluation of Boulder, Colorado, provides insight for specific plans that have been adopted and strategies that have proven to be successful in improving bicycling for transportation. The report attempts to demonstrate that bicycling can be made a viable means of transportation in United States‟ communities by adopting comprehensive plans and policies that address the challenges of bicycle safety, bicycle consciousness, and bicycle infrastructure simultaneously.

The recreational use of the Colorado River within the Grand Canyon National Park and National Monument increased on the order of 60 to 70 per cent during each year of the interval 1967 to 1970. Consequently, the U. S. National Park Service instituted user limits to protect and preserve the area commencing with the 1971 season. This limit was established with limited data on the users of the river or about their perceptions of the trip experience. A need existed to collect and analyze this type of data, and to suggest possible management alternatives. This study used a mailed questionnaire to a random sample of past participants in order to collect basic socio-economic data. The analysis was based on a 65% response rate, and consisted of individual question tabulation and multivariate data -cluster analysis. The data show background characteristics of the participants, reasons for taking the trip, reactions to the experience, perceptions of problems associated with the trips, reactions to crowded conditions, and needs for regulatory policy concerning user intensities.

The Fish Creek-Vallecito Basin exposes an archive of sediment related to early rifting of the Gulf of California beginning at 8.0 Ma followed by Colorado River delta progradation from 5.3-3.0 Ma. Mio-Pliocene deposits from the Fish Creek-Vallecito Basin of southern California and a sample from the modern Colorado River delta were analyzed through detrital zircon U-Pb (n=1996) and (U-Th)/He (n=280) double-dating in order to better constrain sediment provenance, hinterland exhumation, and Colorado River evolution. Coupling this dataset with outcrop study of the first Colorado River-sourced turbidites into the basin at 5.3 Ma, allows for evolution of the Colorado River system to be viewed from a source-to-sink perspective. Detrital zircon U-Pb and (U-Th)/He (ZHe) ages obtained in this study suggest earliest derivation of sediment was from the Peninsular Ranges followed by more distant sediment sourcing from the Colorado River. Initial Colorado River-sourced deposits show Yavapai-Mazatzal U-Pb ages with Laramide ZHe ages suggesting that the river was sourcing from Laramide basement cored uplifts at the onset of deposition into the Gulf of California, supporting a top-down model of river evolution. An increased percentage of Grenville U-Pb age grains as well as a wider range of ZHe ages associated with western US basement-derived zircon from a modern Colorado River delta sample indicate erosion into older stratigraphic units through time which is consistent with deep erosion on the Colorado Plateau since ~6 Ma. Vertically measured sedimentology logs through the Wind Caves Member, the first Colorado River-sourced unit deposited, were used to determine slope and basin floor architecture as the Colorado River and delta dispersed subaqueous sediment gravity flows into the marine Gulf. Measured sections arrayed along depositional strike show a 4.5 km wide pod of sand-rich turbidites that were delivered through a broad Fish Creek exit point from the paleo-Colorado shelf. The vertical sedimentation trend is one showing thick bedded, amalgamated channelized and sheet-like sandstones initially, shifting to thinnerbedded sheets and more isolated channels higher in the increasingly muddy section. The facies variability up section is interpreted as a change from a submarine basin floor fan to a lower slope environment as the Colorado River prograded its delta into the Gulf. / text

Historical changes in hydroclimatic characteristics in four Lower Colorado River sub-basins are examined using the Mann-Kendall test for trends and Kendall's tau-b test for statistical association to better understand the processes taking place in these arid watersheds. During the historical record of 1906-2007, in general, temperatures have increased and streamflows have decreased while there has been no change in precipitation. Streamflow was found to have statistical association with annual maximum temperatures, El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Using this knowledge, two-year and five-year streamflow predictions are made using climate data to force a statistical model. We find no predictive skill at the two-year range but significant (alpha =.05) predictive skill in two of the basins at the five-year range. The dominant climate predictor for the Paria River Basin is ENSO and for the Little Colorado River Basin it is temperature.