Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-03-08T17:39:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Rayane Silva biblioteca.pdf: 1013981 bytes, checksum: d8b76305e22b14cf85166327afe7da53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-08T17:39:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Rayane Silva biblioteca.pdf: 1013981 bytes, checksum: d8b76305e22b14cf85166327afe7da53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / FACEPE / O Aedes aegypti é um mosquito de grande importância epidemiológica por ser o vetor de viroses como a febre amarela e a dengue estando distribuído entre as regiões tropicais e subtropicais do globo. A fim de encontrar uma forma alternativa de combate ao mosquito, objetivou-se avaliar no presente estudo, a caracterização química do óleo essencial de Commiphora leptophloeos e sua atividade biológica frente A. aegypti através de análises eletrofisiológicas, testes de atividade larvicida, repelente e deterrente de oviposição. As análises por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa revelaram a presença de 55 compostos no óleo essencial de C. leptophloeos sendo o α- Felandreno, trans- Cariofileno e β- Felandreno os constituintes do óleo presentes em maior proporção, representando 26,26%, 18,01% e 12,93% respectivamente. Através de cromatografia gasosa acoplada à detecção eletroantenográfica foram obtidas 17 respostas aos constituintes do óleo, sendo em sua maioria a sesquiterpenos, estando entre elas o trans- Cariofileno, um dos compostos majoritários do óleo. A partir dos testes comportamento de oviposição com fêmeas grávidas de A. aegypti foi possível observar que o óleo essencial de C. leptophloeos apresentou atividade deterrente de oviposição nas concentrações de 100, 50 e 25 ppm, sendo a média de ovos deixadas no recipiente de teste menor que o depositado no controle (p<0,008). Testes de oviposição também foram realizados com o composto majoritário do óleo o α-Felandreno, e dois compostos que apresentaram respostas eletrofisiológicas (trans- Cariofileno e α-Humuleno). O α-Felandreno não demonstrou atividade significativa. O trans- Cariofileno, em contrapartida, se mostrou deterrente de oviposição (p<0,004), assim como o α-Humuleno (p<0,003). O óleo de C. leptophloeos não demonstrou atividade biológica em relação ao teste de repelência em olfatômetro de dupla escolha. A atividade larvicida foi constatada com CL50 de 99,4 ppm. Nesse contexto, os resultados demonstram que o óleo essencial de C. leptophloeos é uma fonte promissora de compostos que induzem respostas comportamentais em fêmeas de A. aegypti que buscam por um sítio de oviposição, havendo respostas deterrentes entre os diferentes compostos, além de atuar como agente larvicida. / Aedes aegypti has a large epidemiological importance for being the vector of viruses, such as yellow fever and dengue fever, being distributed across the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. To find an alternative way for eradicating the mosquito, in this study it was evaluated the chemical characterization of the essential oil of Commiphora leptophloeos and its biological activity against A. aegypti through electrophysiological analyzes and tests of larvicidal activity, repellent and oviposition deterrent. The analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 55 compounds in the essential oil of C. leptophloeos being the α-phellandrene, trans-caryophyllene and β-phellandrene the constituents present in greater proportion, representing 26.26%, 18.01% and 12.93% respectively. By gas chromatography- electroantennographic detection were obtained 17 responses to the constituents of the oil, most of them being the sesquiterpenes, among them trans-Caryophyllene, one of the major compounds from the oil. From behavior for oviposition, tests with pregnant females of A. aegypti reveled that the essential oil of C. leptophloeos showed oviposition deterrent activity at concentrations of 100, 50 and 25 ppm and the average of eggs left on the test vessel was smaller than the average deposited in the control vessel. Oviposition test were also carried out with the α-phellandrene, the major compound of the oil, and two compounds that showed electrophysiological responses (trans-caryophyllene and α-humulene). The α-phellandrene showed no significant activity. The trans-Caryophyllene, in contrast, showed oviposition deterrent (p <0.004), as well as α-Humulene (p <0.003). The oil of C. leptophloeos not demonstrated biological activity against the test repellency dual choice olfactometer. The larvicidal activity was observed with LC50 of 99.4 ppm. In this context, the results show that the essential oil of C. leptophloeos is a promising source of compounds that induce behavioral responses in female of A. aegypti seeking for an oviposition site, with answers deterrents between the different compounds, in addition to acting as an agent larvicide.

Submitted by Nathália Neves (nathalia.neves@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-05T19:07:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 _DISSERTAÇÃO versão final para impressão_sem assinaturas.pdf: 1207544 bytes, checksum: 707ddfb5a673a5520a2a834869691ea5 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 _DISSERTAÇÃO versão final para impressão_sem assinaturas.pdf: 1207544 bytes, checksum: 707ddfb5a673a5520a2a834869691ea5 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-07 / FACEPE / As florestas tropicais secas no Brasil são representadas pela caatinga, vegetação presente em grande parte da região Nordeste, que possui clima semiárido. Neste cenário, naturalmente adverso, as plantas desenvolvem adaptações específicas para sobreviver e os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) podem ter papel fundamental no estabelecimento e crescimento vegetal, pois auxiliam na absorção de água e nutrientes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a dinâmica de FMA em rizosfera de plantas nativas da caatinga (Mimosa tenuiflora [Willd.] Poir. e Commiphora leptopholeos (Mart.) J. B. Gillett sob a influência de fatores climáticos e da fertilidade do solo; e a responsividade de M. tenuiflora à inoculação com FMA e à adubação fosfatada. No estudo em campo, constatou-se que fatores como radiação solar, precipitação, temperatura, presença ou não de folhas e fertilidade do solo influenciam a dinâmica de formação de propágulos na rizosfera de M. tenuiflora e C. leptopholeos. Em casa de vegetação, constatou-se que M. tenuiflora é responsiva à adubação fosfatada e à inoculação com G. etunicatum e S. heterogama. A micorrização promove o aumento no crescimento e no teor de alguns nutrientes nas plantas de M. tenuiflora, porém os benefícios da inoculação são reduzidos com a adição de fósforo ao solo. Em virtude disso, recomenda-se a utilização destes isolados em solos com baixo teor de P para produção de mudas de M. tenuiflora, visto que esta prática reduz o custo com insumos e beneficia o desenvolvimento vegetal.

Commiphora species (from which myrrh is obtained) has been a source of several novel and bio-active natural compounds. Traditionally, Commiphora (Burseraceae) is used in southern Africa for the treatment of ulcers, fevers, and as a remedy for snake and scorpion bites. In western Africa, the macerated stem is used in the treatment of rheumatic conditions. The resin of some Commiphora species is applied topically to aid in wound healing. Documented uses include antibacterial and antifungal properties, as well as cytotoxic, cytostatic and anti-oxidant activity. The botanical diversity of this genus in South Africa warrants a study of this plant group, to provide scientific evidence for the traditional use of Commiphora species in African healing rites. Ten Commiphora species were investigated. Fresh plant material of the selected species were identified and collected from natural populations in the Limpopo Province. Active compounds, viz. kaempferol and dihydrokaempferol, in C. glandulosa (stem) were isolated using bioassay-guided fractionation and identified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The stem and leaf extracts of each species were analysed for in vitro anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activity, as well as cytotoxicity. The anti-oxidant activity of the extracts was investigated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Extracts generally exhibited poor anti-oxidant activity in the DPPH assay, with the exception of C. schimperi (stem), C. neglecta (stem), C. tenuipetiolata (stem and leaf), and C. edulis (stem), which possessed IC50 values ranging between 7.31 μg/ml and 10.81 μg/ml. Isolated compounds were subjected to the DPPH assay to determine the anti-oxidant potential of each compound, separately and in combination to establish possible synergistic, antagonistic or additive effects. The flavonol, kaempferol (IC50 = 3.32 μg/ml) showed exceptional radical scavenging activity, in contrast to the low activity displayed by dihydrokaempferol (IC50 = 301.57 μg/ml), their combination being antagonistic. Greater anti-oxidant activity was observed for most species in the ABTS assay when compared to the results obtained in the DPPH assay. The best activity was observed for the stem extracts of C. neglecta (IC50 = 7.28 μg/ml) and C. mollis (IC50 = 8.82 μg/ml). In vitro antimicrobial efficacy was determined against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts using the MIC microtiter plate assay. A greater selectivity was exhibited by the extracts against the Gram-positive bacteria and yeast than against the Gram-negative bacteria. Using death kinetics studies (time-kill studies), the rate at which the antimicrobial agent kills pathogens over a 24-hour period was determined. The antibacterial activity of Commiphora marlothii (stem) was observed to begin at ca. 30 min of the exposure of S. aureus to the different concentrations of plant extract. All concentrations exhibited antibacterial activity, with a complete bactericidal effect achieved by all test concentrations by the 24th hour. Commiphora pyracanthoides (stem) displayed anti-inflammatory activity through good inhibition of the 5-LOX enzyme (IC50 = 27.86 μg/ml). The ability of extracts and kaempferol to inhibit the in vitro growth of three human cancer cell lines, namely the colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and the neuronal glioblastoma (SF-268), was evaluated using the sulforhodamine (SRB) antiproliferative assay. The most active Commiphora species against the HT-29 cells were C. glandulosa (leaf and stem) and C. marlothii (leaf). The MCF-7 cell line was the most sensitive to indigenous Commiphora species, with C. edulis (leaf and stem), C. glandulosa (leaf and stem), C. marlothii (leaf), C. pyracanthoides (leaf and stem), C. schimperi (stem), and C. viminea (stem) all possessing an inhibition greater than 80% at 100 μg/ml. Commiphora glandulosa (leaf and stem) and C. pyracanthoides (leaf and stem) were the two most active species against the SF-268 cells, with IC50 values ranging between 68.50 μg/ml and 71.45 μg/ml. The inhibition of the cancer cell proliferation by kaempferol in all three-cancer cell lines was determined, with IC50 values of 9.78 μg/ml in HT-29 cells, 20.21 μg/ml in MCF-7 cells and 43.83 μg/ml in SF-268 cells. The microculture tetrazolium cellular viability (MTT) assay was used to determine the cellular toxicity of the extracts against transformed human kidney epithelium (Graham) cells. Commiphora glandulosa (stem) proved to be most toxic (IC50 = 30.5 μg/ml). The IC50 values for all other extracts were in excess of 95 μg/ml suggesting low in vitro toxicity for the majority of the species. A phytochemical investigation of the non-volatile constituents of the leaf and stems was conducted using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC profiles and UV spectra of the stem extracts, and the representative flavonoid patterns in the leaf extracts of the species indicate that a similarity exists in their chemical fingerprint.

No description available.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2018-02-22T13:54:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Ferreira Lima Tenorio.pdf: 1676555 bytes, checksum: 5aef9244e7a794028037da3695731eab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-22T13:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Ferreira Lima Tenorio.pdf: 1676555 bytes, checksum: 5aef9244e7a794028037da3695731eab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The use of medicinal plants is an alternative for pest control, as they provide chemical compounds with potential ectoparasiticidal action. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biological activity of extracts of Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) JB Gillett, Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth, Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & Grimes and Eugenia uniflora L. against ixodids, culicidae and small ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes. The tickcide activity was evaluated against Anocentor nitens by the technique of immersion of engorged females. Concentrations of 100 % and 50 % of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves of C. leptophloeos, C. heliotropiifolius and Z. joazeiro and distilled water as negative control were used. In the assay with Culicids Aedes (stegomyia) aegypti third instar larvae were exposed to concentrations of 30 mg / mL, 20 mg / mL and 10 mg / mL of leaf extracts of C. leptophloeos and C. heliotropiifolius, and for Z. joazeiro 30 mg / mL, 1 mg / mL and 0.5 mg / mL according to a methodology recommended by the World Health Organization. An biological larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis sorovar israelensis at concentrations of 0.06 ppm and 0.37 ppm was used as positive control and a negative control with dechlorinated water. Under the same conditions, the ethanolic extract of A. cochliacarpos stem bark at a concentration of 10 mg / mL was tested, and the industrial larvicide Pyriproxyfen at a concentration of 0.002 g / L and distilled water were used as positive control and negative control respectively. The antihelminthic activity against gastrintestinal helminths of small ruminants was evaluated for the ethanolic extract of A. cochliacarpos stem bark (10 %, 25 % and 50 % concentrations) and of the aqueous extract of E. uniflora leaves (concentrations of 20 %), determined by the calculation of percentages of larvae reduction per gram of faeces. Negative controls were used with distilled water and positive controls with Ivermectin 1 % and Albendazole 5 %. The species C. leptophloeos was effective at all concentrations tested against A. nitens, and the species Z. joazeiro and C. heliotropiifolius demonstrated efficacy only at the concentration of 100 %. In the A. aegypti assay, the highest mortality rates were obtained at the highest concentrations tested, being 66.5 % for C. leptophloeos, 92.75 % for Z. joazeiro and 33.75 % for C. heliotropiifolius. With the extract of A. cochliacarpos (10 mg / mL) the mortality rate was 34.75 %. In the larvae reduction per gram of faeces, larvae of genus Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum were identified, obtaining a highly effective reduction for the 25 % and 50% concentrations of A. cochliacarpos against the three genera. The aqueous extract of E. uniflora (20 %) had no effect on the reduction of the number of larvae of said gastrointestinal nematodes. It is concluded that hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves of C. leptophloeos, Z. joazeiro and C. heliotropiifolius present biological activity against A. nitens, and the ethanolic extract of the stem bark of A. cochliacarpos shows a better mortality activity than conventionally commercial larvicides used against A. aegypti larvae. The aqueous extract of the leaves of E. uniflora at the concentration of 0.2 g / mL is not present enough to promote reduction of larvae per gram of feces. / O uso de plantas medicinais é uma alternativa para o controle de pragas, pois fornecem compostos químicos com potencial ação ectoparasiticida. Desta forma, objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar a atividade biológica “in vitro” de extratos de Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) JB Gillett, Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth, Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & Grimes e Eugenia uniflora L. contra ixodídeos, culicídeos e nematoides gastrintestinais de pequenos ruminantes. A atividade carrapaticida foi avaliada contra Anocentor nitens pela técnica de imersão de fêmeas ingurgitadas. Foram utilizadas concentrações de 100 % e 50 % dos extratos hidroalcoólicos das folhas de C. leptophloeos, C. heliotropiifolius e Z. joazeiro e água destilada como controle negativo. No ensaio com culicídeos, segundo metodologia preconizada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde com larvas de terceiro estádio de Aedes (stegomyia) aegypti expostas à concentrações de 30 mg / mL, 20 mg / mL e 10 mg / mL dos extratos das folhas de C. leptophloeos e C. heliotropiifolius, e 30 mg / mL, 1 mg / mL e 0,5 mg / mL para Z. joazeiro, e como controle positivo larvicida biológico Bacillus thuringiensis sorovar israelensis nas concentrações de 0,06 ppm e 0,37 ppm, e controle negativo com água declorada. Nas mesmas condições, testou-se o extrato etanólico da casca do caule de A. cochliacarpos na concentração de 10 mg / mL, tendo como controle positivo o larvicida industrial Pyriproxyfen na concentração de 0,002 g / L e controle negativo água destilada. Pelo cálculo dos percentuais de redução de larvas por grama de fezes, o mesmo extrato de A. cochliacarpos foi avaliado contra helmintos gastritestinais de pequenos ruminantes (concentrações a 10 %, 25 % e 50 %), e o extrato aquoso das folhas de E. uniflora (concentrações a 20 %). Utilizaram-se controles negativos com água destilada e controles positivos com Ivermectina 1 % e Albendazole 5 %. Contra A. nitens, a espécie C. leptophloeos mostrou-se eficaz em todas as concentrações testadas, e as espécies Z. joazeiro e C. heliotropiifolius demonstraram eficácia apenas na concentração de 100 %. No ensaio com A. aegypti, as mais elevadas taxas de mortalidade foram obtidas nas maiores concentrações testadas, sendo de 66,5 % para C. leptophloeos, 92,75 % para Z. joazeiro e de 33,75 % com C. heliotropiifolius. Com o extrato de A. cochliacarpos (10 mg / mL) a taxa de mortalidade foi de 34,75 %. No teste de redução do LPG, identificaram-se larvas dos gêneros Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus e Oesophagostomum, obtendo-se redução altamente efetiva para as concentrações de 25 % e 50 % de A. cochliacarpos contra os três gêneros. O extrato aquoso de E. uniflora (20 %) não apresentou efeito sobre a redução do número de larvas dos referidos nematoides gastrintestinais. Conclui-se que os extratos hidroalcoólicos das folhas de C. leptophloeos, Z. joazeiro e C. heliotropiifolius apresentam atividade biológica contra A. nitens, e o extrato etanólico da casca do caule de A. cochliacarpos demonstra melhor atividade de mortalidade que larvicidas comerciais convencionalmente utilizados contra larvas de A. aegypti. O extrato aquoso das folhas de E. uniflora na concentração de 0,2 g / mL não se apresenta suficiente para promover a redução de larvas por grama de fezes.