Effective implementation of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is dependent on Member States’ national water institutions and organizations, often designated as ‘competent authorities’. Although substantial research relating to the Directive itself has been carried out, less is known about the extent to which competent authorities have the organizational capacity to deliver it. The literature notes that conceptual understanding of capacity has been hampered by lack of definitional clarity making both its management and assessment challenging. In this contribution, several conceptualizations of organizational capacity found in the literature are used to construct a set of core qualitative organizational components that encourage analysts to consider the ways in which legal authority, information and knowledge, skills, resources and leadership shape a competent authority’s ability to deliver the WFD. Malta, the smallest European Member State, is the case study used to test the application of these components. Qualitative empirical data collected from policy documents, face-to-face semi-structured interviews and online news media articles, provided the evidence to thematically explore and evaluate the Maltese competent authorities’ organizational capacity across the implementation of three main WFD provisions that are in focus: Article 8, 9 and 14. As a result, the core components of organizational capacity are expanded and refined to produce an organizational capacity thematic map. The results show that competent authorities experience influences across the institutional frameworks they work in as well as external factors (primarily political). The results also support the idea of the organizational capacity components being highly interlinked and the presence (or lack thereof) of one component having knock-on effects on others within an organization. The combination of these two factors highly affect management options and outcomes in the implementation of the WFD. In the small state context of Malta these highlight the need to channel support in a coordinated manner from European counterparts to the Maltese water network. In turn, the water network can have positive knock-on effects on the organizational capacity of the Maltese competent authorities, which currently struggle to perform and seize available opportunities due to low possession of human resources and time availability. The approach and findings presented in this research provide a mechanism and evidence base that can facilitate bilateral discussions between Member States as well as with the European Commission, and help inform the WFD review process planned by end of 2019.

El presente ensayo tiene por objetivo analizar el sistema de Mercado de valores peruano, con motivo de la entrada en vigencia del nuevo reglamento de Hechos de importancia. Para ello, en primer lugar, se describen las bases conceptuales del “Mercado de valores”, para seguidamente, examinar y comparar los distintos sistemas jurídicos que regulan dicho mercado. Asimismo se examina la regulación de Hechos de Importancia en la legislación comparada, concluyendo finalmente con un análisis respecto de las implicancias prácticas de esta nueva regulación en el mercado.

The repertoire for trombone and percussion has grown in popularity since the later 1980s. There are currently more than 110 pieces written for the ensemble. This project follows the commissioning and collaboration of Dr. Blake Tyson, Professor of Percussion at the University of Central Arkansas and well known percussion composer, in the creation of a new piece for trombone and percussion. The project also created a survey of works for trombone and percussion duet that includes 32 works. The survey includes details such as specific percussion instrumentation range, tessitura, grade level, publisher, and a description of each piece.

"This paper is limited to a study of a sample of churches receiving support from the Commission on Minimum Salary of the North Texas Conference of the Methodist Church. It is further limited to the phases of membership, budgets, World Service, and minimum salary. The period to be covered is the four years from June, 1949, to June, 1953, during which time the Commission operated under the same principles and officers."-- leaf 1.

La politisation reste un défi majeur pour la réalisation universelle des droits de l'homme. Ce processus est inévitable dans l'enceinte des Nations-Unies. La politisation trouve en effet ses fondements dans la Charte même de l'Organisation, ainsi que dans la configuration institutionnelle de l'ONU qui se veut antagonique, mettant en scène des acteurs étatiques et des entités non gouvernementales. Cependant si elle est incontournable, elle ne saurait être acceptée pour autant. L'instrumentalisation politique des droits de l'homme qui conduit à une interprétation et une mise en œuvre politicienne du droit international des droits de l'homme, au détriment de la promotion et protection des droits de l'homme, et de leur universalité, constitue un frein à leur avancement et un obstacle à la coopération internationale dans ce domaine. Elle doit par conséquent être rejetée, d'autant qu'elle peut aboutir comme on l'a démontré à une érosion profonde des droits de l'homme les plus fondamentaux et de la dignité humaine. Le processus de marginalisation universelle des droits de l'homme qui a eu lieu au nom de la sécurité nationale, en exécution du programme de détentions secrètes de la CIA, est caractéristique d'une politisation particulièrement dangereuse et sans précédent, qui confirme que l'universalité des droits de l'homme doit plus que jamais être consolidée. Il est donc important que l'ONU développe un véritable projet politique commun, qui aurait pour assise l'universalité des droits de l'homme et la participation renforcée de tous les acteurs, y compris les experts indépendants et les ONG qui sont des partenaires indispensables à une mise en œuvre effective et impartiale des droits de l'homme. / Politicization remains a major challenge to the universal implementation of human rights. Politicization originates from the tensions between article 1 and article 2 of the UN Charter. It also derives from the difference in nature between States actors and non-governmental entities acting within the UN, including NGOs, experts, and the OHCHR. Tensions between both category of actors are therefore inevitable and lead to politicization. While, politicization is unavoidable, it cannot be accepted. Indeed, the political instrumentalization of human rights leads to a hierarchy between the different rights, and to the marginalization of individuals, including groups. There is no doubt that politicization represents an obstacle to the international cooperation in the field of human rights within the UN. The UN should develop a proper human rights policy, truly enshrined in the principle of universality in order to tackle politicization, which effects become more and more prejudicial to human rights, as the deep erosion of the most basic human rights, including the prohibition of torture, in the name of national security while countering terrorism has demonstrated it.

Electricity power is an irreplaceable resource in industry for a country. Enough and steady-offered electricity is also the support to develop not only traditional industry but high technology industry. Taiwan is a place, where is lacking of natural resources. There is only 3 % of which can be self ¡Vcontained. In fact, electricity power plays one of important roles in achieving ¡§Economic Miracle of Taiwan.¡¨ Basically, electricity power embraces three parts of power generation, power transmission, and distribution. And it is managed by the way of vertically integration. Traditionally, electricity power is assorted into public utility because of its huge principal and social resources, even concerning with the economy and society of the country and is governed and controlled by the government. Whatever country promotes electricity liberalization, the government and the academic put their eye on foster the total efficiency of management through market mechanisms. Electricity liberalization has been working for more than twenty years. Of course, there are some successful cases, for example, like England, Australia, and etc. They do benefit from increasing the occurrence, the efficiency, and decrease the price after operating electricity liberalization. As to Taiwan, the government has the same policy on it, too. The amendments are under discussion in The Legislative Yuan. By referencing to electricity liberalization of other countries and comparing their experiences with Taiwan, the questions below are searched in this thesis. First, does the policy in Taiwan really satisfy the essence of electricity liberalization? Second, could power generation, power transmission, and distribution of the electricity industry be operated by vertically integrated way? After electricity liberalization, it is important that how to do could get good combined with competition of the market, the offer of steady electricity and the society justice. If not, how to modify the rules would satisfy the needs of country development and expectations of the society.

Orientador: Luiz Cesar Marques Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T08:58:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_ClaudioJose_D.pdf: 16119646 bytes, checksum: 6d72a29ccf13a513d3253763db7e7145 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Essa Tese refere-se à iconografia da Comissão Científica de Exploração enviada ao Ceará, em 1859 até 1861, por D. Pedro II. As aquarelas, os desenhos e as litografias da expedição foram produzidos a partir da atuação do pintor José dos Reis Carvalho, do poeta Gonçalves Dias e dos naturalistas Francisco Freire Alemão e Manoel Ferreira Lagos. Ao compararmos o trabalho de José dos Reis Carvalho para a Comissão Científica de Exploração com as influências estéticas de sua época, nele iremos perceber que, ao tratar da questão da seca, expressou elementos próprios da realidade local e da cultura brasileira, ali identificadas com o sertanejo e seu modo de vida na aridez da caatinga. Como um ilustrador científico, mas com um padrão estético próprio, deu às suas obras um caráter histórico envolto de questões sociais da época e representou o homem em conflito com uma paisagem que o hostilizava. Por meio de artigos e manuscritos sob as questões climáticas e culturais relacionadas ao Ceará, e pela bibliografia adquirida pela Comissão Científica de Exploração, delimitamos o espaço documental que justificou a produção iconográfica do pintor voltada para o tema das secas e para os costumes locais. O poeta Gonçalves Dias compôs um indianismo no qual se voltou a reconstituir a identidade nacional através das reminiscências culturais das antigas tribos Tupis e Tapuias. Permitiu o nascimento de uma etnografia de caráter científico baseada nas características linguísticas, tecnológicas e estéticas destes povos antigos e presentes nos grupos indígenas existentes no período. Os artefatos que ele recolheu no Amazonas, remeteu ao Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro e foram litografados pelo Imperial Instituto Artístico, expressam a importância que estes objetos assumiram como documentos iconográficos relacionados à História da Cultura Brasileira que esteve motivada por uma ideologia nativista. O botânico Francisco Freire Alemão e o zoólogo Manoel Ferreira Lagos, além de promoverem a identificação e a classificação de diversas espécies da biodiversidade cearense, dedicaram-se a produzir registros visuais para inaugurarem uma produção bibliográfica ilustrada no Brasil que ainda era incipiente. O interesse pela aplicação das técnicas acadêmicas do desenho Freire Alemão manifestou em seus singelos desenhos de vilas e plantas presentes na Biblioteca Nacional e outros que foram publicados na revista Guanabara. No entanto, sua maior e mais relevante produção iconográfica relacionada à botânica está na sua Flora Cearense, um manuscrito de valioso valor estético e histórico / Abstract: This thesis refers to the iconography of the Scientific Exploration Commission sent to Ceará, from 1859 until 1861, by D.Pedro II. The watercolors, drawings and lithographs of the expedition were produced in the work of the painter José Carvalho dos Reis, the poet Gonçalves Dias along with the naturalists Francisco Freire Alemão and Manoel Ferreira Lagos. Comparing the work of José dos Reis Carvalho with the aesthetic influences of his age, we will realize that, when addressing the issue of drought, he attempted to identify in Brazilian culture the proper elements of the local reality. As a scientific illustrator, but with a proper aesthetic standard, promoted in his works a historical character of social issues in his epoch and represented the Brazilian man conflict with the hostile landscape. Through articles and manuscripts on themes related to Ceará climate and culture, and literature acquired by the Scientific Exploration Commission, we delimited a documental research that was justified by the painter iconographical production turned into issue of drought and local culture. The poet Gonçalves Dias wrote an Indianism in which the identity of Brazilian people was reconstructed through the cultural remnants of Tupi and Tapuias ancient tribes. He allowed the birth of an ethnography scientific nature based on linguistic features, technology and aestheticism of these ancient people in the indigenous groups presented in his time. The artifacts he has collected in the Amazon were sent to the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro and they were lithographed by the Imperial Art Institute, which express the importance of these objects as iconographic documents related to the history of art and culture in Brazil. The botanist Francisco Freire Alemão and the zoologist Manoel Ferreira Lagos, beyond promoting the identification and classification of several biodiversity species in Ceará, they produced visual records to inaugurate an illustrated bibliographical production in Brazil, which was still incipient at that. The interest of Freire Alemão, in applying the academic techniques of drawing, was expressed in his single drawing of villages and plants present in the National Library and others that were published in Guanabara. However, his greatest and most relevant iconographic production related to botany is in his Flora of Ceará, a manuscript of valuable historical and aesthetic value / Doutorado / Historia da Arte / Doutor em História

On 10 February 1964 during naval night exercises off the south coast of Australia, the destroyer HMAS Voyager was lost after colliding with the aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne. 82 men were killed. Following the collision, there were two Royal Commissions that sustained a political controversy that lasted for over four years. This thesis examines the loss of Voyager as a watershed in the operational and administrative history of the RAN and as a major event in Australian national history. This study has four broad objectives: to describe the loss of Voyager and the long running controversy that accompanied the disaster; to offer a convincing explanation of the causes of the collision and why two royal commissions concluded that the causes for the disaster were inexplicable; to assess the effect on the RAN, in terms of specific reforms and its influence on Service culture and professional ethos, of the disaster and the inquiries that followed; and finally, to analyse the loss of Voyager as a media and political cause celebre in Australian history. As so little has been written about Voyager using primary sources, this thesis was committed to detailed description of events as well as analysis of themes. This thesis draws upon an extensive body of primary source material in the form of official naval and Royal Commission records to which complete access was given; several large collections of private papers; over one hundred interviews with principal participants; and comprehensive files of press cuttings. The discussion seeks to demonstrate that a series of naval accidents preceding the loss of Voyager contributed in a substantial way to shaping the public reaction to, and political handling of, the disaster; that the method of inquiry played a major role in generating public and political disquiet; that the collision was both a catalyst and stimulus to change in naval operations and reform in naval administration; that the inability of two Royal Commissions to ascertain the causes of the collision and then to public suspicion of a cover-up; and, that the collision was most probably caused by the incorrect relaying of a tactical signal on the bridge of Voyager. The loss of HMAS Voyager appears to be a key event in the development of the RAN, not as a direct result of the collision or its causes, but as a consequence of its long and controversial aftermath.

The Barrett (1972-1975) and Harcourt-Clark (1991-2001) New Democratic Party (NDP) governments attempted to redefine their relationship with the mining industry by changing the regulatory structures that governed mining in British Columbia. In both cases the mining industry publicly resisted these attempts, and was successful in having the reforms dismantled by subsequent free-enterprise oriented governments. These instances of conflict were centred on a foundational debate over government’s role in, and/or duty to, the mining industry. Intense industry-led resistance occurred when the traditional industry-government compact, which required government to serve as a promoter of the industry, and a liquidator of Crown owned mineral resources, was perceived to have been violated. The Barrett government more stringently asserted its ownership of public mineral resources through the enactment of a mineral royalty, and by assuming greater regulatory authority over mining operations. These actions instigated a substantial public relations campaign against the Barrett government over taxation laws. The Harcourt-Clark government pursued the development of strategic land-use plans and rejected the historic consensus that mining was innately the highest and best use of the land. This led to substantial anti-government rhetoric and an industry withdrawal from all public engagement and land-use planning processes. In both cases the mining industry was able to revive the traditional relationship when free-enterprise oriented governments replaced the NDP administrations. / Graduate / 2018-12-15