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Research on the Factors Influencing an Incumbent County Commissioner or City Mayor Considering the Promotion of a Female Chief ¡V the Application of Exchange Theory Summary In the past the research on the topics related with the promotions of female employees was primarily conducted from the viewpoints of administrative management, psychology, physiology, social psychology, and feminism. There is no evidence that the exchange theory was used to explain the factors of such promotion. Since the Taiwan province was reorganized and trimmed down, county and city governments have de facto become the new power centers of Taiwan¡¦s political society. The personnel authority of county commissioners and city mayors has accordingly augmented. This study, the first in trying to use the exchange theory as the framework for research and analysis, observed whether such variables as the degree of urbanization, the commissioner¡¦ or mayor¡¦s political party affiliation, gender, age, and education had any impact on his/her choosing the exchange resources (exchange objects) when he/she was promoting a female chief. The 13th incumbent county commissioners and city mayors of the Taiwan province were selected as the subjects of this study, and the Likert five-point scale was used to administer questionnaire investigation. The gathered data were treated with such statistical methods as frequency distribution, the ratio in terms of percentage, the mean, and Pearson¡¦s cumulative differential analysis. Based on an empirical analysis, the study has found: in promoting a female chief that has a firm sense of gender egalitarianism, the county commissioner or city mayor is more likely to consider her chief¡¦s ability to achieve a stated level of administrative effectiveness than the factor of sex. In order to avoid boycotting by different factions, the county commissioner or city mayor usually appoints the promoted female chief to a less conspicuous position instead of a position that requires administrative performance. When the county commissioner or city mayor receives recommendations for such an appointment, he/she usually gives the favor to an important vote solicitor that he/she is indebted to so as to alleviate his/her sense of indebtedness. The county commissioner or city mayor is also likely to appoint a female that has applauded his/her administrative merits in public as a way to return the favor. Moreover, the county commissioner or city mayor of a more urbanized territory is more likely to attach importance to modern compensation and modern resources; that of a less urbanized territory is more likely to depend on traditional compensation and traditional resources. County commissioners and city mayors affiliated with the Kuomingtan are most likely to use traditional compensations and resources, followed by those without political affiliation, then by those affiliated with the Democratic Progressive Party. County commissioners and city mayors without any political affiliation are most likely to use modern compensations and resources, followed by those affiliated with the Democratic Progressive Party, then by those affiliated with the Kuomingtang. In comparison with their male counterpart, female commissioners and mayors are more likely to use modern compensations and resources. In contrast, male commissioners and mayors are more likely to use traditional compensations and resources. There is no significant correlation between ages and the selection of compensation and expected resources. The commissioners or mayors with better education are more likely to use modern compensation and resources. As the study has gained the support of empirical evidence, it is believed that the analytical framework of this study can be used to investigate the exchange behavior in personnel promotions in other agencies in Taiwan so as to accumulate more factual findings and hypotheses that can be applied in the future. A step further, such data can help construct empirical theories that can explain social exchange behavior changes. Keyword: county commissioner and city mayor, promotion, female chief, exchange theory

The protection of clients in their dealings with insurance advisors is very important. This is mainly because clients are not too knowledgeable about insurance products. This lack of knowledge makes vulnerable to exploitation by insurance advisors. It is the duty of the regulator of insurance to ensure adequate protection of clients in their dealings with insurance advisors. However, this may not be easily attainable in a jurisdiction like Lesotho where there is only one regulator for all financial institutions, the Central Bank of Lesotho. This more so because insurance is very complex as there are different persons and contracts involved. The client has to firstly deal with insurance advisors or intermediaries before an actual contract of insurance comes into existence. In Lesotho the insurance sector is regulated by the Insurance Act 18 of 1976. Although there are systems in place regarding the regulation of the insurance industry, they are not adequate nor guarantee effective protection of the clients. These measures are mainly focused on the relationship between the Commissioner and the insurance advisors and not the relationship between the insurance advisors and the clients. The ineffectiveness of the current regulatory framework in Lesotho was exposed by the MKM situation in 2007 which showed that clients in Lesotho are to a very large extent left unprotected against insurance advisors. Even the proposed Insurance Bill of 2013 which was meant to address problems not addressed by the Insurance Act, does not offer any assistance as it contains no provisions on the protection of clients. The problem with the legal framework in Lesotho is that does not address the most important of protection of clients in their dealings with insurance advisors. This is also due to the fact that there is only one regulator for all financial institutions and this places a very burdensome duty on the Central Bank of Lesotho. In order to find solutions to this problem, a comparative study based on literature was done between Lesotho and South Africa. This is because South Africa on the other hand is more advance. The current legal framework in South Africa ensures the protection of clients in their dealings with insurance advisors. The non-banking institutions such as insurance advisors are regulated by the Financial Services Board. There are systems in place in South Africa regulating the conduct of insurance advisors towards clients. The Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act is one of the measures in place meant to ensure that those who render advice are fit and proper by requiring them, amongst others, to be in possession of relevant academic qualifications and operational ability to dispose of their duties in terms of the Act. This is different from the position in Lesotho where the only piece of legislation regulating the insurance advisors is the Insurance Act. Furthermore, by virtue of section 2B of the General Proclamation of 1884, the common law of South Africa is applicable in Lesotho so it is important to examine the changes that South Africa has made to it common law on which Lesotho mostly relies. The results show that the clients in Lesotho are to a very large extent left unprotected against insurance advisors as the current legal framework offers them no protection. The legal framework in South Africa on the other hand affords clients more protection. However, economic position of Lesotho it would not be ideal to take all measures applicable in South Africa and apply them to Lesotho as they are. Based on these findings recommendations made include that the Commissioner must engage in consumer education to ensure that clients know about their rights in dealings with insurance advisors. Another recommendation made is that the current legal framework be amended to include provisions relating to the protection of clients. It is also recommended that the Central Bank of Lesotho is well equipped to deal with matters relating to the protection of clients. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The protection of clients in their dealings with insurance advisors is very important. This is mainly because clients are not too knowledgeable about insurance products. This lack of knowledge makes vulnerable to exploitation by insurance advisors. It is the duty of the regulator of insurance to ensure adequate protection of clients in their dealings with insurance advisors. However, this may not be easily attainable in a jurisdiction like Lesotho where there is only one regulator for all financial institutions, the Central Bank of Lesotho. This more so because insurance is very complex as there are different persons and contracts involved. The client has to firstly deal with insurance advisors or intermediaries before an actual contract of insurance comes into existence. In Lesotho the insurance sector is regulated by the Insurance Act 18 of 1976. Although there are systems in place regarding the regulation of the insurance industry, they are not adequate nor guarantee effective protection of the clients. These measures are mainly focused on the relationship between the Commissioner and the insurance advisors and not the relationship between the insurance advisors and the clients. The ineffectiveness of the current regulatory framework in Lesotho was exposed by the MKM situation in 2007 which showed that clients in Lesotho are to a very large extent left unprotected against insurance advisors. Even the proposed Insurance Bill of 2013 which was meant to address problems not addressed by the Insurance Act, does not offer any assistance as it contains no provisions on the protection of clients. The problem with the legal framework in Lesotho is that does not address the most important of protection of clients in their dealings with insurance advisors. This is also due to the fact that there is only one regulator for all financial institutions and this places a very burdensome duty on the Central Bank of Lesotho. In order to find solutions to this problem, a comparative study based on literature was done between Lesotho and South Africa. This is because South Africa on the other hand is more advance. The current legal framework in South Africa ensures the protection of clients in their dealings with insurance advisors. The non-banking institutions such as insurance advisors are regulated by the Financial Services Board. There are systems in place in South Africa regulating the conduct of insurance advisors towards clients. The Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act is one of the measures in place meant to ensure that those who render advice are fit and proper by requiring them, amongst others, to be in possession of relevant academic qualifications and operational ability to dispose of their duties in terms of the Act. This is different from the position in Lesotho where the only piece of legislation regulating the insurance advisors is the Insurance Act. Furthermore, by virtue of section 2B of the General Proclamation of 1884, the common law of South Africa is applicable in Lesotho so it is important to examine the changes that South Africa has made to it common law on which Lesotho mostly relies. The results show that the clients in Lesotho are to a very large extent left unprotected against insurance advisors as the current legal framework offers them no protection. The legal framework in South Africa on the other hand affords clients more protection. However, economic position of Lesotho it would not be ideal to take all measures applicable in South Africa and apply them to Lesotho as they are. Based on these findings recommendations made include that the Commissioner must engage in consumer education to ensure that clients know about their rights in dealings with insurance advisors. Another recommendation made is that the current legal framework be amended to include provisions relating to the protection of clients. It is also recommended that the Central Bank of Lesotho is well equipped to deal with matters relating to the protection of clients. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka upplevelsen av stödet som ges till familjehem via en konsulentstödd verksamhet. Frågorna för studien var hur familjehemsföräldrarna och personalen upplever stödet. Tre familjehemskonsulenter och två familjehemsföräldrar intervjuades. Med en kvalitativ metod och en fenomenologisk inriktning kunde upplevelsen av konsulentstödet studeras. För att få en förståelse för intervjumaterialet användes två olika analys perspektiv i form av systemteorin och utvecklingsekologin. Resultatet visade i likhet med tidigare forskning att viktiga delar i stödet var tillgänglighet, information, relationer, utbildning, handledning och träffar med andra familjehem. Resultatet visade att båda familjehemsföräldrarna i studien var nöjda med konsulentstödet överlag. I studien framkom dock att verksamheten inte kunde erbjuda nya familjehem utbildning innan en första placering görs vilket familjehemsföräldrarna framhävde som väsentligt. Verksamheten hade även sämre möjligheter att erbjuda en bra kontinuerlig utbildning i form av föreläsningar. Studiens resultat tillsammans med tidigare forskning visade även att upplevelsen av ett bristande nätverk finns hos familjehemsföräldrar. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of the support given to the family home through a consultant supported activities. The questions for the study was how the foster parents and staff feel the support. Three family advisers and two foster parents were interviewed. With a qualitative method and a phenomenological focus could be the experience of consultant support are studied. To get an understanding of the interviews, two different analytical perspectives in the form of systems theory and the development of ecology. The results showed, as in previous research that the key elements in supporting the accessibility, information, relationships, training, tutorial and meet with other foster homes. The results showed that both the foster parents in the study were satisfied with consultant support overall. The study showed, however, that the business could offer new foster training before an initial investment made which foster parents mattered significantly. Operations were also less able to offer a good continuous education in the form of lectures. The study's results together with previous research also showed that the perception of a lack of available network of foster parents.

The title: The notary and civil procedure The aim of the thesis is to map the activity of notaries in the legal order of the Czech Republic, which is considered to be very specific by public. The thesis focuses on the relationship of the notary and the civil procedure. It deals with the role of the notary in the civil procedure. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first one describes the history of a notary public and the assumptions for notarial activity and for its commencement are also clarified. Part of this chapter deals with the basic features of the notarial profession, such as the impartiality and independence of notaries, the principles of which notary public is controlled, and notarial career. The second chapter of the thesis focuses on the relation between a notary and civil procedure, which can be defined as process of the court and the participants in order to provide the protection of subjective rights and obligations. One of the areas, where the role of the notary is reflected is legal assistance. The third chapter concerns with the provision of the legal assistance by the notary. The notary may act as a representative of the party and then has the status of a lawyer. The term legal assistance refers to representation in the proceedings before courts and other authorities,...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nebraska--Lincoln, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

Anthony Downs public choice theory proposes that every rational person would try to meet their own desires in preference to those of others, and that such rational persons would attempt to obtain these desires in the most efficient manner possible. This thesis submits that the application of this theory would mean that public servants and politicians would perform acts of corruption and maladministration in order to efficiently meet their desires. As such action is unavoidable, political parties must appear to meet the public demand for accountability systems, but must not make these systems viable lest they expose the corruption and maladministration that would threaten the government’s chance or re-election. The thesis demonstrates this hypothesis through a study of the history of the public sector in Queensland. It shows that all governments have displayed a commitment for accountability whilst simultaneously ensuring the systems would not be able to interfere with government control or expose its flaws.

Both practitioners and academics have recently begun referring to humanitarian agencies operating within an active 'aid marketplace' in which limited funding pits actors against each other in pursuance of their own projects and wider aims. This thesis seeks to explore how the pressures of a competitive environment impact on the motivations and actions of aid actors at an individual and organizational level. Based on the common saying that aid workers are 'mercenaries, missionaries and misfits', I construct a typology of pressures (interest-based, altruistic, and bureaucratic), which, it is argued, can be used to explain and understand much of this competitive and collaborative behaviour. A particular focus of the thesis is the impact of these various influences on the process and politics of information transfer and discourse creation regarding the process of needs assessment, monitoring and evaluation. I explore all of these issues through the medium of a case study of UNHCR's interventions in Afghanistan between 2001 and 2015, and seek to provide a detailed history of the agency's activities, politics and challenges during this period. In particular I am interested in the motivations driving the agency's actions; the strategies it has employed to achieve its aims; the calculated narratives that it has crafted to justify its interventions and attract greater support; and the very different ways in which it has approached the needs of different categories of displaced people.

Australian Police Ministers and Commissioners occupy a pivotal position in the system of law enforcement. Collectively, they are responsible for the general policy, administration and operational direction and control of policing through the Australian States. There has been in the past twenty five years a growing complexity and a variety of problems facing police agencies which are arduous and demanding. Continuing social tension of recent years have given police ministers and commissioners higher public profiles than ever before. The research undertaken in this thesis examines the difficulties experienced between police ministers and commissioners in Queensland and New South Wales from 1970 to 1995. Three models have been developed as a framework to analyse the relationships and how they operate. The three models are called - 'Dependency', 'Independency' and 'Interdependency'. Twenty-one police ministers, commissioners and advisers from Queensland and New South Wales were interviewed during the course of the research. Five separate case studies were developed to analyse and interpret the relationships within the context of the three models. A summary chapter of additional research data provides supporting information which was used to substantiate the case study material. The conclusion argues that relationships operate more effectively when elements of the 'Interdependency' model exist. The need for further debate about the administrative, legal and management elements of the working relationship between a police minister and commissioner is essential to achieve a balance between policy, administration and operational requirements within a modern western democratic policing system.