A presente pesquisa traz algumas nuances acerca do processo de regionalização da saúde, na 29ª região de saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Vales e Montanhas, a partir da análise das atas da Comissão Intergestora Regional (CIR). A regionalização, no Brasil, passa por diversas fases desde a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, da Lei Orgânica da Saúde – LOS (8080/90), do Pacto Pela Saúde em 2006 e do Decreto 7.508/2011, em um movimento de ordenação da estrutura organizativa do Sistema Único de Saúde em uma rede regionalizada. A partir do Decreto 7.508/11, os Colegiados de Gestão Regional (COGERE) são substituídos pela CIR, que é espaço de definição de prioridades, decisão e pactuação de soluções para organização dessa rede. A Região de Saúde traz, no seu rol de ações, o objetivo de resolver as necessidades de saúde da população. Deveria haver, no mínimo, ações e serviços que incluíssem a atenção primária como ordenadora do sistema, uma rede de urgência e emergência, a atenção psicossocial, a vigilância em saúde, a atenção ambulatorial especializada e a atenção hospitalar. Objetivos: Estudar o processo de construção e consolidação da regionalização, na região de saúde 29 do RS. Identificar, nas atas de reunião, o tema da regionalização e os encaminhamentos, bem como identificar quem pauta a regionalização nessa comissão Metodologia: O estudo utilizou a técnica da análise documental. Foram selecionadas as atas do período de 2011 a 2015. Ordenamos os dados, classificamos por semelhança e novamente reordenamos após a leitura compreensiva dos achados, baseada no marco teórico-conceitual e de acordo com os critérios mínimos para uma região de saúde ser instituída. Resultados e considerações: As pautas em que os assuntos referentes à regionalização e os critérios mínimos para conformação da Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS) foram elencados, em sua maioria, pelos técnicos da 16ª CRS. Uma trajetória de discussão sobre a atenção especializada se deu no período analisado, sendo este um gargalo da formação das redes. Destaca-se que há uma inversão de prioridades no processo de regionalização. As necessidades e recursos que a Região de Saúde possui, quanto às ações e serviços nos diferentes níveis de atenção, deveriam ser levados em conta e discutidos no colegiado quando ocorre a contratualização. Seria oportuno avaliar o Mapa de Saúde da região para que não houvesse duplicidade de ações e serviços em uma área e falta em outras. / This search has some nuances about the regional health planning process, in the 29th region of health in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Vales e Montanhas, from the analysis of the regional interagency committee’s records. The regional health planning, in Brazil, goes through many phases since the promulgation of Constitution of 1988, of the Organic Law of the Health – LOS (8080/90), of the Pact for Health in 2006 and of the Decree 7.508/2011, in an ordination movement of the organizational structure of Brazil’s Unified Health System in a regionalized network. From the Decree 7.508/11, the Regional Management Colleges (COGERE) are replaced by CIR, which is a priorities definition space, decision and solutions pact to organize this network. The Health Region brings, in its actions list, the goal to solve the population’s health needs. There must be, at least, actions and services that included the primary health care as system’s ruler, a network of urgency and emergency, the psycho-social care, the health surveillance, specialized ambulatory care and the hospital care. Goals: To study the construction and consolidation process of the regional health planning, in the 29th health region in RS. To identify, in the meetings’ records, the regional health planning’s topic and the routing, as well as to identify who dictates the planning in this committee Method: The study used the documental analysis technique. The records in the period between 2011 and 2015 were selected. We ordered the data, ranked them by resemblance and, again, reordered after the comprehensive reading of the found, based on the theoretical-conceptual mark and according to the minimum criteria for a health region to be instituted. Results and considerations: The guidelines in which the subjects referring to the regional health planning and the minimum criteria to conformation of the RAS were listed, mostly, by technicians of the CRS 16th. A way of discussion about the specialized care happened in the analysed period, having it as a network formation throat. It is highlighted that there is a priorities inversion in the regional health planning process. The needs and resources that the Health Region has, related to the actions and services in the care’s different levels, it must be taken into account and discussed in the committee when the contracting occurs. It would be worth to evaluate the Health Map of the region so that there is no duplicity in actions and services in an area and lack in others.

Under den senare delen av 1900-talet inträffade ett antal företagsskandaler, såsom Enron och Worldcom, vilket föranledde ett bristande förtroendet för såväl styrelsers som revisorers arbete. För att återfå förtroende på den svenska marknaden introducerades Koden och en uppdatering av Aktiebolagslagen gjordes. En av de förtroendehöjande åtgärderna innebar att revisionsutskotten introducerades. Revisionsutskottens införande innebar ett tydliggörande av styrelseledamöternas arbetsuppgifter, men medförde samtidigt att huvudmannaskapsproblematiken i styrelsen aktualiserades. Vilket leder till vår problemformulering: Hur har revisionsutskottens införande påverkat ansvarsfördelning i styrelsen?För att kunna besvara vår frågeställning har vi genomfört kvalitativa intervjuer utifrån ett expertperspektiv. Expertperspektivet har företrätts av institutionella ägare, revisorer och en advokat. Respondenternas olika relationer till fenomenet har bidragit till ett brett perspektiv.Empiriinsamlingen påvisar tydligt att införandet av revisionsutskott har aktualiserat huvudmannaskapsproblematiken. Empirin påvisar att en dualism, i styrelsen, kan ha uppstått utifrån vem som agerar i vems uppdrag. Dock åberopar respondenterna likt lagrum och rekommendationer att styrelsens huvudansvar i helhet kvarstår.Vår slutsats är att styrelsen inte har skapat sig ett alibi genom införandet av revisionsutskott, och att styrelsens ansvar i helhet kvarstår. Därmed kan vi konstatera att införandet av revisionsutskott har belyst ansvarsfrågan, men att ansvaret kvarstår hos styrelsen i sin helhet. Vi har även konstaterat att forskning om huvudmannaskapsproblematiken inom styrelsen är bristfällig och att mer forskning skulle berika området. / Program: Civilekonomprogrammet

This thesis is an examination of policy-making and practice in design education in England from 1837-1992. It takes a longue durée approach to the history of the development of design education to provide a new narrative which shows a pattern of recurring debates concerning the purpose of design education and how it should be taught. Using the curricula of furniture design courses at three art schools to illustrate the way policy was put into practice, this thesis argues that historical context is key to understanding why debates regarding the way designers should be trained for industry have recurred since 1837. Based on a wide variety of primary source material the thesis contributes to historiography by extending the scope of previous histories of art and design education, and also, for the first time, focuses solely on the development of design education, whilst acknowledging its place in the wider development of art and design education. Following the introduction, chapter two of this thesis examines the events which led to the 1835-6 Select Committee and argues that many of the issues raised during the Committee influenced the teaching of design education through the remainder of the nineteenth century; this is further demonstrated through chapter three. Charting the development of design education into the twentieth century through chapters four, five and six, this thesis shows that changing historical contexts, such as the development of industrial methods or wider changes in higher education, have also had an impact on design education. In the light of changing historical contexts, policy makers for design education have continually questioned what design students should be taught and how they should be taught, which accounts, in part, for the recurring nature of debates in design education.

nÃo hà / O mapeamento da poluiÃÃo de Ãleo no mar utilizando imagens de Radar de Abertura SintÃtica (SAR, do inglÃs Synthetic Aperture Radar) à uma importante Ãrea de interesse na Ãrea da vigilÃncia ambiental. Pode-se utilizar imagens SAR para extrair caracterÃsticas atravÃs de diferentes mÃtodos com o objetivo de predizer atravÃs de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs) se uma regiÃo especÃfica contÃm ou nÃo uma mancha de Ãleo. O principal problema dessa abordagem à a ocorrÃncia de excessivos alarmes falsos decorrentes de erros de classificaÃÃo. Manchas de Ãleo sÃo eventos raros e a pequena disponibilidade de imagens contendo manchas à um fator limitante do desempenho dos classificadores. Este trabalho propÃe a utilizaÃÃo de mÃltiplos conjuntos de caracterÃsticas e mÃtodos de combinaÃÃo de classificadores para minimizar o nÃmero de alarmes falsos a fim de possibilitar a reduÃÃo de custos operacionais de sistemas automÃticos de deteÃÃo de manchas de Ãleo. As imagens SAR utilizadas neste trabalho nÃo estÃo limitadas a um Ãnico sistema de imageamento e diferentes conjuntos de caracterÃsticas baseados na geometria e textura das manchas foram testados. Os desempenhos de generalizaÃÃo de mÃtodos de combinaÃÃo de classificadores, como boosting e bagging, foram comparados com aqueles obtidos com classificadores individuais, como Perceptron Multi-Camadas (MLP, do inglÃs Multi-Layer Perceptron) e MÃquina de Vetor de Suporte (SVM, do inglÃs Support Vector Machine). Os resultados experimentais sugerem que a caracterizaÃÃo das manchas de Ãleo pode ser significativamente melhorada atravÃs do uso do boosting,mesmo quando poucas imagens amostrais estÃo disponÃveis. / Mapping ocean oil pollution by using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is an important area of interest for environmental surveillance. One can make use of the SAR images to extract features by using different methods in order to predict if a specific region contains an oil spill or not using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). A major problem in this approach is the number of false alarms due to misclassification. Oil spills are rare events and the number of available images containing spills is atistically small which is a limitation for the classifier performance. This work proposes the use of multiple feature sets and classifier combining methods to minimize the number of false alarms and thus, reduce the operational costs of automatic oil spill detection systems. The SAR images used in this work are not limited to a specific imaging system and different feature sets based on geometry and texture of the spills were tested. The generalization performances of classifier combination methods as boosting and bagging were compared with those resulting from single classifiers as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The experimental results suggest that oil spill characterization can be significantly improved using boosting even when few image samples are available and the feature sets have high dimensionality.

O olhar sobre o ser humano é primordial na história da reflexão ética em pesquisa. Alguns episódios de abusos em experimentação com seres humanos em todo o mundo sugeriram organizações mais eficazes do Estado e da sociedade em geral no controle e orientações éticas nas pesquisas; muitos autores associaram esse episódio ao nascimento da Bioética. No Brasil, o marco sobre essa reflexão e orientação está na aprovação da Resolução nº.196/96. A partir daí são instaurados os Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEPs) e as pesquisas com seres humanos são amplamente discutidas e refletidas no âmbito institucional. Este estudo fundamenta-se na identificação e análise do discurso do pesquisador da Odontologia sobre ética em pesquisa, concepção de sujeito de pesquisa e utilização de questionários e / ou entrevistas. Foi empregado o método qualitativo de pesquisa, utilizando a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo como instrumento mediador para interpretação dos discursos. Foram entrevistados 28 pesquisadores seguindo um roteiro de questões que auxiliou no processo de diálogo entre entrevistador e participante. Com base nestas análises considera-se que: 1- Nas pesquisas da odontologia usualmente são envolvidos pacientes de Instituição de Ensino Superior; pessoas caracterizadas por condições socioeconômica baixa e de baixa escolaridade. 2- Identifica-se um distanciamento social, profissional e pessoal do pesquisador para com o sujeito de pesquisa. 3- O pesquisador concebe a Resolução nº196/96 em diferentes papéis: o regulador, o educativo e o restritivo. 4- O conhecimento desta normativa brasileira é fundamental para auxiliar o pesquisador na avaliação e conduta ética de suas pesquisas. 5- Para uma maior compreensão mútua, entre pesquisador e CEP, é necessário um esforço bilateral de aproximação. 6- O uso das técnicas, questionários e entrevistas é freqüentemente compreendido como método que não ocasiona risco ao sujeito participante. É necessário avaliar os riscos, do físico ao espiritual, em qualquer pesquisa que envolva seres humanos. 7- A compreensão de ética em pesquisa é determinada pelo contexto social que o pesquisador está situado; sua visão sobre ética está associada com o entendimento que se tem sobre o mundo, a sociedade, o homem e os valores. / The look over human beings is primordial in the history of ethic analyzes on research. Some episodes of abuse with human being experiments around the world suggested more efficient organization of States and of the society in general towards the control and ethics orientations on researches; several authors associated these episodes with the origin of Bioethic. In Brazil, the reference of this reflection and orientation is based on the approval of the Resolution nº. 196/96. Subsequently on Ethics in Research Committees (CEPs) have been installed and the research involving human beings has been intensely discussed and reflected on the institutional ambit. The present study identified and analyzed the Dental research\'s speech about ethic in research, he conceive the: involvement of the human beings in research and the use of questionnaires and/or interviews. We used the qualitative method and Content’s Analysis as a mediator instruments to understand the speech. Twenty-eight researchers have been interviewed by following a list of questions that aided on the dialogue process between the interviewer and interviewed. Based on such analysis, it is considered that: 1 – In Dental research, the human beings involved are usually the patients attended by dental schools. These people are usually from a low social class and economical condition and lack education. 2 – A considerable social, professional, personnel gap between the researcher and the interviewed was identified. 3 – The researcher understands the Resolution n° 196/96 in different aspects: regulatory; educatory and restrictive. 4 – The knowledgement of such Brazilian rule is important to the assistant to the researcher in the analyze and behavior of his of research. 5 – A bilateral effort to develop a relationship is essential for a better mutual comprehension between the researcher and the CEP. 6 – The use of questionnaires and interviews is frequently considered a riskless method for the interviewed. The importance of physical and spiritual risk assessment is highlighted. 7 – The ethic comprehension of research is determined by the social context that the researcher is involved in; his position towards ethic is associated to the comprehension that he/she has about the world, the society, the human being and moral values.

A ciência política brasileira produziu explicações consistentes no que se refere ao funcionamento da democracia pós-1988. Os mecanismos de governabilidade e o processo decisório do sistema político brasileiro encontram-se amplamente discutidos pela literatura sob a rubrica do presidencialismo de coalizão. No entanto, duas agendas de pesquisa sobre nosso sistema político não foram suficientemente testadas, quais sejam: o estudo sobre as relações Executivo-Legislativo nas unidades subnacionais e os mecanismos de checks and balances em nossa democracia. O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar o ponto de toque ou mesmo a junção entre estas duas agendas: a dimensão de fiscalização e o controle nas unidades subnacionais brasileiras. Para isso, o desenho de pesquisa é composto pelo balanço do estado da arte das respectivas literaturas relevantes, juntamente à análise dos dados de 20 Estados da Federação Brasileira, na legislatura 2007-2010. / The Brazilian political science produced consistent explanations about the functioning of democracy in the post-1988 period. The mechanisms of governability and decision-making of the Brazilian political system are widely discussed in the literature under the rubric of coalition presidentialism. However, two research agendas on our political system have not been sufficiently tested, namely: the study of the Executive-Legislative relations in subnational units and mechanisms of checks and balances in our democracy. The goal of this dissertation is to analyze the touch point or even the junction between these two frameworks: the dimension of supervision and control in the Brazilian subnational units. To accomplish these objectives, the research design consists in the review of the relevant literature, along with the analysis of data from 20 states of the Brazilian Federation - from 2007 to 2010.

This research attempted to ascertain whether the ratings of applicants in the admissions-evaluation process of Dallas Theological Seminary (Admission Committee Rating, or ACR) were related to persistence in seminary study sufficiently to allow reasonable prediction of completion based on the strength of the ratings. Five ACRs were examined - the total ACR and its four components, strength of previous academics, personal references, potential and promise for ministry, and previous ministry experience. Other non-admissions factors were also examined to see what relationship they had to persistence. Those factors were years of matriculation, age at matriculation, gender, marital status, ethnicity, nationality, types of previous higher education, whether or not financial aid was received (if known), and the total amount of financial aid received (if known). Persistence in the study was defined as graduation from the seminary's major four-year master's degree program (Th.M.) within the time limits published for the degree. Analysis results indicated that only two of the five ACRs were statistically significant, ministry potential and ministry experience, but the relationship with completion was weak. The conclusion reached was that the relationship between the strength of the admission evaluation and persistence was practically insignificant and contributed little to the ability to predict completion on that basis alone.

Vigilantism has a long history in the United States stretching back to the Regulator movement in South Carolina in 1767. These extralegal movements are distinguished from spontaneous and ephemeral mob activity by their regular organization and limited life-span. The San Francisco Committee of Vigilance of 1856 was the largest vigilante movement in American history. After a summer of vigilantism that included four hangings, the committee turned to politics and formed the People’s Party which dominated San Francisco's city government for the next decade. The 1856 committee is generally considered the great exemplar of American vigilantism and has received considerable attention from scholars. San Francisco’s 1856 vigilance committee regarded itself as a reorganization of that city's 1851 Committee of Vigilance. Like its more illustrious offspring, the 1851 committee hanged four men and banished many others. The vigilantes of 1851 did not, however, form a political party. Because of this some scholars have considered the work of the 1851 committee to be incomplete and have deemed it less worthy of attention than the committee of 1856. But in attempting to understand the intellectual grounding of San Francisco's vigilantes, this view is incorrect. The vigilantes in 1856 felt they were carrying on the work of the 1851 committee. Thus, to comprehend the events of 1856 it is necessary to understand the inspiration for the 1851 vigilance committee. The key to vigilantism in San Francisco lies in 1851. An understanding of the spirit which animates vigilantism is valuable because of what it reveals about American concepts of self-government. Vigilantes conceive of their their authority as springing from the same source as does that of the government: the people. San Francisco provides an extraordinary case for the study of notions about popular sovereignty in antebellum America. In order to make sense of what happened in San Francisco in 1851 this thesis first analyzes the political thought and philosophy that had developed in America to that time. It also examines the changing social ethos that came to emphasize equality. The two vigilance committees of San Francisco were a consummation of the political and social developments of antebellum America. I have relied on the extensive secondary literature for my interpretation. San Francisco in 1851 was in the midst of a singular episode in American history: the gold rush. The promise of riches made California the reification of the ideals of equality and opportunity that matured during the antebellum era. For the exploration of California and San Francisco I have used secondary sources and some primary sources, especially the Alta California, one of San Francisco’s newspapers. This reliance on the Alta was in part due to its availability. The attitudes toward vigilantism expressed by the 표L후르 were similar to other California newspapers. All of them supported the vigilantes in 1851. The episode of vigilantism in 1851 was a formative experience for the city of San Francisco. It served as an example of popular action and helped to define the limits of such action for the city's residents. The relationship between popular action and government was illuminated in San Francisco. Because of the way in which the people were endowed with power, they could create government and later defy that same government without destroying their creation.

Data governance frameworks are critical to reducing operational costs and risks in the financial industry. Corporate data managers face challenges when implementing data governance frameworks. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies that successful corporate data managers in some banks in the United States used to implement data governance frameworks to reduce operational costs and risks. The participants were 7 corporate data managers from 3 banks in North Carolina and New York. Servant leadership theory provided the conceptual framework for the study. Methodological triangulation involved assessment of nonconfidential bank documentation on the data governance framework, Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's standard 239 compliance documents, and semistructured interview transcripts. Data were analyzed using Yin's 5-step thematic data analysis technique. Five major themes emerged: leadership role in data governance frameworks to reduce risk and cost, data governance strategies and procedures, accuracy and security of data, establishment of a data office, and leadership commitment at the organizational level. The results of the study may lead to positive social change by supporting approaches to help banks maintain reliable and accurate data as well as reduce data breaches and misuse of consumer data. The availability of accurate data may enable corporate bank managers to make informed lending decisions to benefit consumers.

Esta tese analisa o website do Comitê Olímpico do Brasil (COB), tendo como base a discussão em torno do jornalismo esportivo, desde a perspectiva teórico-conceitual à produção e a usabilidade diante das mediações tecnológicas. A página do COB apresenta um potencial diferenciado para a produção de notícias, ao abrigar características com pouca recorrência nos noticiários brasileiros, focados nos esportes de alto rendimento, na competição e na popularidade das modalidades e de atletas. Surge um desafio nessa cobertura: ampliar a visibilidade das modalidades na mídia e a necessidade de priorizar os valores esportivos como a excelência, o respeito e a amizade. Esse potencial vai além da cobertura das principais competições, como os campeonatos mundiais e os Jogos, ocorridos no Rio de Janeiro, em 2016. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como principal objetivo responder à seguinte pergunta: o site do COB, ao proporcionar que usuários-interatores acessem as informações dos principais acontecimentos das modalidades olímpicas, teria sido utilizado como fonte para a criação de pautas a serem desenvolvidas pelos jornalistas especializados em esportes? Com a finalidade de abordar a discussão do modo de uso / funcionalidade do conteúdo eletrônico jornalístico do Comitê Olímpico do Brasil, este trabalho se debruça sobre a coleta e a análise de entrevistas com pesquisadores, jornalistas e profissionais da mídia. / This thesis has the purpose to analyse the website of the Brazilian Olympic Committee (COB), based at the discussion around sports journalism, from the theoretical concept from varying mediations to production and usability. The COB web page brings a different potential for news production, hosting features with little recurrence in Brazilian newscasts, focused on high-performance sports, competition and the popularity of modalities and athletes. Thus, a challenge arises in this coverage, which is to increase the visibility of Olympic sports in the media and the need to prioritize sports and Olympic values such as excellence, respect and friendship. This potential goes beyond the main competitions coverage, such as the world championships and the Olympic Games, which took place at Rio de Janeiro in 2016. Thus, this research has as main objective to answer the following question: The COB website, by providing that user-interactors access information on the main events of the Olympic modalities would have been used as a source on the development of guidelines to be developed by journalists specialized in sports? With the purpose of discussing the use / functionality of the journalistic web contents from the Brazilian Olympic Committee, this thesis also focuses on the collection and analysis of interviews with researchers, journalists and media professionals.